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| 1 | 2003年秋冬季西安大气中有机碳和元素碳的理化特征及其来源解析显示文摘2003年9月至2004年2月在西安站点开展了大气PM2.5和PM10中碳气溶胶的连续观测,并采集了三类主要污染来源样品(燃煤,机动车尾气和生物质燃烧)进行对比分析,采用IMPROVE-TOR 方法准确地测量了样品的有机碳(OC),元素碳(EC)及其中的8个碳组分含量.西安秋季和冬季大气 PM2.5中OC的平均含量ρOC分别为(34.1±18.0),(61.9±33.2)μg·m-3,EC的平均含量ρEC为 (11.3±6.9),(12.3±5.3)μg·m-3.OC和EC均主要赋存于PM2.5粒级中.秋季OC和EC的相关性好(R2>0.90),冬季一般(R2=0.66).总碳气溶胶在秋季PM2.5中占(48.8±10.1)%,在冬季也达到了(45.9±7.5)%.所有观测日的ρOC/ρEC比值均大于2.0,秋季PM2.5中ρOC/ρEC平均为3.3,冬季为 5.1,这可能主要与直接排放来源有关.由碳气溶胶的8个碳组分数据,采用绝对主分量分析获得了主要排放来源对总碳的贡献份额,即秋季汽油车尾气占73%,柴油车尾气占23%,生物质燃烧占 4%,而冬季燃煤占了44%,汽油车尾气占44%,生物质燃烧占9%,柴油车占3%。 | 曹军骥 李顺诚 李杨 Judith C.Chow Kochy Fung | 2005 | 自然科学进展2005，15，12： | 66 |
| 2 | 肛裂临床诊治指南(第三次修订)显示文摘“美国结直肠外科医师协会(American Societyof ColonandRectal Surgeons.ASCRS)”(协会)致力于推进结直肠和肛门疾病的相关理论以及预防和诊疗水平的提高,给患者提供优质的医疗服务。“标准委员会”由协会中在结直肠外科方面有显著专长的成员组成。该委员会的建立是为了引领国际结直肠和肛门疾病诊治的发展,以建立具有循证医学证据的临床诊疗指南。指南是涵盖性的,非指令性的,目的是为临床决策提供信息,而非具体的治疗方法。指南适用于所有相关的医护人员以及希望得到相应指南中疾病的相关诊治信息的患者。 | Farshid Araghizadeh ~ Robin Boushey Sridhar Chalasani George Chang Robert Cima Gary Dunn Daniel Feingold Philip Fleshner Daniel Geisler Jill Genua Sharon Gregorcyk Daniel Herzig Andreas Kaiser Ravin Kumar David Larson Steven Mills John Monson P. Terry Phang Feza Remzi David Rivadeneira Howard Ross Peter Senatore Elin Sigurdson Thomas Stahl Scott Steele Scott Strong Charles Tement Judith Trudel Madhulika Varnna Martin Weiser 丁义江(译) 皇甫少华(译) 丁曙晴(译) | 2013 | 中华胃肠外科杂志2013，16，7： | 70 |
| 3 | 氯吡格雷的使用与药物洗脱支架植入后远期临床结果显示文摘背景:近来的冠状动脉内药物洗脱支架研究提示,现行的抗血小板治疗方案可能并不足以预防后期支架内血栓形成。目的:于接受药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stents,DESs)和裸金属支架(bare-metal stents,BMSs)治疗的冠状动脉病患者中评估氯吡格雷使用与患者远期结果的关系。设计、地点及患者:于连续患者中进行观察性研究。患者于2000年1月1日至2005年7月31日在杜克心脏治疗中心(一家位于北卡罗来纳州达累姆市的三级治疗中心)接受冠状动脉内支架治疗。于6、12、24个月时进行随访,直至2006年9月7日。研究人群包括4666例最初接受BMS(n=3165)或DES(n=1501)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的患者。对随访6和12个月没有事件(没有死亡、心肌梗死或血管重建手术)的患者进行界标分析(landmark analysis)。在这些时间点上根据支架类型以及自我报告之氯吡格雷的使用情况将患者分为4组:DES使用氯吡格雷组、DES不用氯吡格雷组、BMS使用氯吡格雷组以及BMS不用氯吡格雷组。主要观测指标:随访24个月时死亡、非致命性心肌梗死以及死亡或心肌梗死之复合终点。结果:在6个月时没有事件发生的DES组患者(637例使用、579例未使用氯吡格雷)中,氯吡格雷的使用是随访24个月校正死亡率较低(使用2.0%比未使用5.3%;差异,-3.3%;95%CI,-6.3%至-0.3%;P=0.03)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率较低(3.1%比7.2%;差异,-4.1%;95%CI,-7.6%至-0.6%;P=0.02)的显著预测指标。然而,在BMS组患者中(417例使用、1976例未用氯吡格雷),死亡(3.7%比4.5%;差异,-0.7%;95%CI,-2.9%至1.4%;P=0.50)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率(5.5%比6.0%;差异,-0.5%;95%CI,-3.2%至2.2%;P:0.70)没有差异。在12个月随访没有事件发生的DES组患者(252例使用、276例未用氯吡格雷)中,氯吡格雷的使用依然可以预测24个月死亡(0%比3.5%;差异,-3.5%;95%CI,-5.9%至-1.1%;P=0.004)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率(0%比4.5%;差异,-4.5%;95%CI,-7.1%至-1.9%;P〈0.001)较低。然而,在BMS组患者中(346例使用、1644例未用氯吡格雷),在死亡(3.3%比2.7%;差异,0.6%;95%CI,1.5%至2.8%;P=0.57)以及死亡或心肌梗死(4.7%比3.6%;差异,1.0%;95%CI,-1.6%至3.6%;P=0.44)发生方面,依然没有差异。结论:在接受DES治疗的患者中,延长氯吡格雷的使用可以使死亡以及死亡或心肌梗死的发生率下降。然而,使用氯吡格雷的适宜期限只能通过大型临床随机试验确定。 | Eric L Eisenstein, DBA Kevin J. Anstrom, PhD David F. Kong, MD Linda K. Shaw, MS Robert H. Tuttle, MSPH Daniel B. Mark, MD, MPH Judith M. Kramer, MD, MS Robert A. Harrington, MD David B. Matchar, MD David E. Kandzari, MD 1 Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH Kevin A. Schulman, MD Robert M. Califf, MD 李呈亿(译) David E. Kandzari, MD | 2007 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2007，26，3： | 60 |
| 4 | Seasonal variations and sources of mass and chemical composition for PM_(10) aerosol in Hangzhou,China显示文摘Aerosol observation was conducted for four seasons from September 2001 to August 2002 at five sampling sites in Hangzhou, South China, on PM10 mass, 22 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Cd, Ba, and Pb), 5 major ions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+), and organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), showing that PM10 mass ranged from 46.7 to 270.8 g/m3, with an annual average of 119.2 g/m3. Na, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, and Fe were the most abundant elements in PM10, most of S being in the form of SO42-. SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ were the major ions, which contributed to about 20% of the PM10 mass. The mean seasonal concentrations for SO42-, averaged over all sites, were found to be 18.0, 18.5, 24.7, and 21.4 g/m3, for spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, while the corresponding loadings for NO3- were 7.2, 4.7, 7.1, and 11.2 g/m3, and for NH4+ were 6.0, 5.9, 8.2, and 9.3 g/m3, in the form mostly of NH4NO3 in spring, autumn, and winter, and mostly of (NH4)2SO4 in summer. The low NO3-/SO42-ratio found indicates coal combustion as the major source throughout the year. The mean annual concentrations of OC and EC in PM10 were found to be 21.4, and 4.1 g/m3, respectively. Material balance calculation indicated that fugitive dust, the secondary aerosol, and carbonaceous matter were the most abundant species in PM10 for the four seasons, as is characteristic for cities in South China. | Junji Cao Zhenxing Shen Judith C. Chow Guowei Qi John G. Watson | 2009 | Particuology2009，7，3： | 58 |
| 5 | Identification of serum proteins discriminating colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry显示文摘瞄准:为颜色检测新浆液简历标记由浆液蛋白质与提高表面的激光解吸附作用 ionisation 介绍的表面的癌症(CRC )-- 飞行团分光术(SELDI-TOF MS ) 的时间。方法:二个独立浆液样品集合与 ProteinChip 技术独立被分析(集合 A:40 CRC+49 健康控制;集合 B:37 CRC+31 健康控制) ,有一个弱阳离子的使用的芯片交换一半和缓冲区 pH 5。差别的歧视的力量表示了蛋白质与一个分类树算法被估计。产生分类树的敏感和特性被盲目地从集合 B 并且反过来也如此从集合 A 把数据用于产生的树获得。CRC 浆液蛋白质侧面也与从胸的那些相比,卵巢,前列腺,和非小的房间肺癌症。结果:Mass-to-charge 比率(m/z ) 3.1x10 (3 ) , 3.3x10 (3 ) , 4.5x10 (3 ) , 6.6x10 (3 ) 和 28x10 (3 ) 在最好执行的分类树上被用作分类器。树敏感和特性在 65% 和 90% 之间。大多数这些歧视的 m/z 价值在调查的另外的瘤类型也是不同的。M/z 3.3x10 (3 ) ,在大多数树上的主要分类器,是 6.6x10 (3 ) 的一种二倍地控告的形式 -Da 蛋白质。后者作为 apolipoprotein C-I 被识别。M/z 3.1x10 (3 ) 作为 apolipoprotein A-I 作为白朊,和 m/z 28x10 (3 ) 的 N 终端碎片被识别。结论:分类树模式分析跟随的 SELDI-TOF MS 是为为 CRC 发现新浆液标记的一种合适的技术。Biomarkers 能与高敏感和特性在独立样品集合被识别并且 reproducibly 检测了。尽管为 CRC 不特定,这些简历标记在监视的疾病和治疗有一个潜在的角色。 | Judith YMN Engwegen Helgi H Helgason Annemieke Cats Nathan Harris Johannes MG Bonfrer Jan HM Schellens Jos H Beijnen | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，10： | 45 |
| 6 | 美国法学教育和法律职业养成显示文摘美国法学教育是普通法传统下三年制研究生层次的职业教育。美国法学院力求教会学生学会在广泛学科领域中进行法律分析、掌握法律技能和理解职业价值。美国法学教育也遭到了各种各样的批评,有人批评法学院是否有效地为学生从事法律职业提供了充分准备。本文对美国法学教育作了概括介绍,分析了美国法学教育面临的挑战,并介绍了对当前的法学教育模式所提出的批评等内容。 | Judith A.McMorrow | 2009 | 法学家2009，，6： | 44 |
| 7 | 影响卒中死亡率下降的因素美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会的科学声明显示文摘背景和目的 美国的卒中死亡率自20世纪初以来一直呈下降趋势,尽管这种“下降”很受欢迎,但其原因尚不完全清楚.由于近年来卒中死亡率呈现出更为显著的加速下降趋势,卒中已从美国的第3位死亡原因下降至第4位.这促使人们对影响卒中发病风险和死亡率变化的相关因素进行详细评估.这份声明对有关卒中死亡率下降趋势的促进因素的研究证据进行回顾,并讨论了将来如何利用这些因素在卒中这一重大公共卫生问题的干预研究中发挥作用.方法 写作组成员由委员会主席和副主席根据其以前在相关领域的研究成果提名,并通过美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和美国心脏协会手稿监督委员会批准.作者利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对相关证据进行总结并指出与当前知识水平的差距.所有写作组成员均有机会评论这份声明并批准其最终版本.这份声明经过AHA内部的广泛同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层和科学声明监督委员会的审查,然后获得AHA科学顾问与协调委员会的批准.结果 过去数十年间,在不同性别、所有种族/民族以及各个年龄组人群中都观察到卒中死亡率的下降,这体现出人群健康的重大进展.除了卒中对于总体寿命损失的影响减少外,在65岁以下人群中观察到的卒中死亡率显著下降体现了其所致潜在寿命损失年的减少.卒中死亡率的下降要归功于卒中发病率和病死率的降低.这些卒中转归的显著改善与心血管危险因素的控制和干预相一致.虽然很难计算出具体的归因危险度估计值,但始于20世纪70年代的血压控制措施似乎已对卒中死亡率的加速下降产生了最实质性的影响.尽管实施较晚,但糖尿病和血脂异常控制以及戒烟计划,特别是联合降压治疗,似乎同样促进了卒中死亡率的下降.远程医疗和卒中医疗体系也似乎具有强烈的潜在作用,但尚需足够长的时间来证明其对卒中死亡率下降的影响.其他因素也可能产生影响,但需要更多的研究来确定它们的作用.结论 卒中死亡率的下降是真实存在的,代表着公共卫生以及临床医学的巨大成功.卒中从第3位死亡原因下降至第4位是死亡率真实下降的结果,而并非由于慢性肺病死亡率上升所致,后者是目前在美国是第3位的死亡原因.有强烈的证据表明,卒中死亡率的下降可归功于以科学发现为基础、旨在降低卒中风险而执行的联合干预措施和项目,其中最有可能的是对高血压控制的改善.因此,对正在开展的干预项目进行的研究及其成果的应用已改善了人群健康.对一些积极的循证公共卫生项目以及临床干预措施的持续应用预期会进一步降低卒中死亡率. | Daniel T.Lackland Edward J.Roccella Anne F.Deutsch Myriam Fornage Mary G.George George Howard Brett M.Kissela Steven J.Kittner Judith H.Lichtman Lynda D. Lisabeth Lee H. Schwamm Eric E. Smith 高一鹭 陈政弘 王文志 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，5： | 41 |
| 8 | 化疗损坏前列腺癌周围微环境诱发WNT16B蛋白高表达导致获得性耐药显示文摘英国最新一期《自然——医学》杂志报道:人体内的癌细胞生活在一个非常复杂的微环境中,这种环境与周围邻居影响着癌细胞对化疗的反应和抵抗。癌细胞周围有一种正常细胞,名为“成纤维细胞”。这种细胞普遍存在于结缔组织,分泌前胶原蛋白、纤连蛋白和胶原酶等细胞外基质成分,对不同程度的细胞变性、坏死和组织缺损以及骨创伤修复有重要作用。 | 蒋艳 Judith Campisi Celestia Higano | 2012 | 肿瘤药学2012，2，4： | 27 |
| 9 | 指南2.0:为成功制定指南而系统研发的全面清单显示文摘背景虽然当前已有一些评估卫生保健指南可靠性的工具,但仍缺乏针对制定指南实际步骤的指导。针对指南制定者们所需考虑的相关资源和工具,我们系统研发了一份全面的条目清单,但这并不意味着每篇指南都需遵守该清单的所有条目。方法我们检索了国际指南制定机构的指南制定手册、指南的指南(主要是来自国际和国家机构以及专业学会的方法学报告),以及提供系统指导的最新文章。经过反复评价这些资料,尽可能全面地罗列和提取条目,并制定与指南有关的重要主题。通过反复讨论,我们对条目进行评价以去重和补漏,同时邀请指南制定专家对所增加的条目进行修改并提出建议。结果我们制定了一份包含18个主题、146个条目的清单,并建立了帮助指南制定者应用这些条目的网站。这些主题和条目涵盖了指南从规划、完成、实施和评估的全过程。最终的清单版本也包括了培训所需的资料以及应用这些条目时用到的方法学参考文献的链接。解释本清单将提供给指南制定者用作参考。仔细考虑清单中的条目将有助于指南的制定、实施和评估,我们也将会通过大众反馈来修订并持续更新清单。 | Holger J. Schunemann Wojtek Wiercioch Itziar Etxeandia Maicon Falavigna Nancy Santesso Reem Mustafa Matthew Ventresca Romina Brignardello-petersen] Kaja-Triin Laisaar Sergio Kowalski Tejan Baldeh Yuan Zhang Uiia Raid Ignacio Neumann Susan L. Norris Judith Thornton Robin Harbour Shaun Treweek Gordon Guyatt Pablo Alonso-Coello Marge Reinap Jan Brozek Andrew Oxman Elie A. Akl | 2014 | 中国循证医学杂志2014，14，9： | 26 |
| 10 | 山东省局部地区番茄黄化曲叶病毒的分子鉴定显示文摘近年来山东省部分地区发现番茄黄化曲叶症状。为了确定这种疑似病毒,利用双生病毒外壳蛋白(CP)基因及DNA-A基因组的引物对枣庄、菏泽和淄博的染病番茄叶片进行了检测,测序分析表明这种病毒是番茄黄化曲叶病毒(TYLCV)。系统发育分析结果表明,该病毒可能是由我国东南沿海地区和日本传入的。 | 褚栋 侯丽霞 刘国霞 高长生 Judith K Brown | 2010 | 山东农业科学2010，42，2： | 24 |
| 11 | 综合性卒中中心医疗质量的度量标准:对脑卒中联盟综合性卒中中心推荐意见的详细随访美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗专业人员的声明显示文摘背景卒中是一种主要的残疾和死亡原因。脑卒巾联盟提议,建立初级卒中中心(primary stroke center,PSC)和综合性卒中中心(comprehensive stroke center,csc)以分别为需要基本或高级下预的卒中患者提供适当的医疗服务。从2003年开始,美国医疗卫生机构认证联合委员会和各州已指定了一些PSC,目前正在考虑CSC的指定工作。为了推进该过程,我们提出了一套CSC应追踪监测医疗质量并促进质量改进的标准和相关数据。方法和结果我们分析了现有指南、综述和其他文献,以识别区分CSC与PSC的主要特征;起草了一套标准和相关数据元素,以评价这些卒中医疗方面的关键部分;然后通过反复修改达成共识。我们提出的这套标准和相关数据元素,涵盖了CSC内缺血性脯血管病、非外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血和腩出血患者专、№医疗的主要方面。结论我们提出这套标准,旨在为CSC的标准化数据采集提供一个框架,以促进当地医疗质量改进,并允许对来自不同CSC的数据进行合并分析。这将有助于将来CSC国家执行标准的制定。 | 何晟(译) 蔡可夫(译) 张元媛(译) 胡旻婧(译) 倪耀辉(译) 芮瑛(译) 柯开富(译) Dana Leifer Dawn M. Bravata J.J. (Buddy) Connors Ⅲ Judith A. Hinchey Edward C. Jauch S. Claibome Johnston Richard Latchaw William kikosky Christopher Ogilvy Adrian I. Qureshi Debbie Summers Gene Y. Sung Linda S. Williams Richard Zorowitz | 2011 | 国际脑血管病杂志2011，19，3： | 21 |
| 12 | Label-free detection of single nanoparticles and biological molecules using microtoroid optical resonators显示文摘Single-molecule detection is one of the fundamental challenges of modern biology.Such experiments often use labels that can be expensive,difficult to produce,and for small analytes,might perturb the molecular events being studied.Analyte size plays an important role in determining detectability.Here we use laser-frequency locking in the context of sensing to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of microtoroid optical resonators to the extent that single nanoparticles 2.5 nm in radius,and 15.5 kDa molecules are detected in aqueous solution,thereby bringing these detectors to the size limits needed for detecting the key macromolecules of the cell.Our results,covering several orders of magnitude of particle radius(100 nm to 2 nm),agree with the‘reactive’model prediction for the frequency shift of the resonator upon particle binding.This confirms that the main contribution of the frequency shift for the resonator upon particle binding is an increase in the effective path length due to part of the evanescent field coupling into the adsorbed particle.We anticipate that our results will enable many applications,including more sensitive medical diagnostics and fundamental studies of single receptor–ligand and protein–protein interactions in real time. | Judith Su Alexander FG Goldberg Brian M Stoltz | 2016 | Light(Science & Applications)2016，5，1： | 20 |
| 13 | Injection drug use and HIV/AIDS transmission in China显示文摘After nearly three decades of being virtually drug free, use of heroin and other illicit drugs has re-emerged in China as a major public health problem. One result is that drug abuse, particularly heroin injection, has come to play a predomi- nant role in fueling China’s AIDS epidemic. The first outbreak of HIV among China’s IDUs was reported in the border area of Yunnan province between China and Myanmar where drug trafficking is heavy. Since then drug-related HIV has spread to all 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. This paper provides an overview to HIV/AIDS transmission through injection drug use in China. It begins with a brief history of the illicit drug trade in China, followed by a discussion of the emergence of drug related AIDS, and a profile of drug users and their sexual partners who have contracted the virus or who are vulnerable to infection. It ends by summarizing three national strategies being used by China to address both drug use and AIDS as major health threats. | Tian Xin CHU Judith A LEVY | 2005 | Cell Research2005，15，11： | 17 |
| 14 | Management of recurrent rectal cancer:A population based study in greater Amsterdam显示文摘AIM: To analyze,retrospectively in a population-based study,the management and survival of patients with recurrent rectal cancer initially treated with a macroscopically radical resection obtained with total mesorectal excision (TME). METHODS: All rectal carcinomas diagnosed during 1998 to 2000 and initially treated with a macroscopically radical resection (632 patients) were selected from the Amsterdam Cancer Registry. For patients with recurrent disease,information on treatment of the recurrence was collected from the medical records. RESULTS: Local recurrence with or without clinically apparent distant dissemination occurred in 62 patients (10%). Thirty-two patients had an isolated local recurrence. Ten of these 32 patients (31%) underwent radical re-resection and experienced the highest survival (three quarters survived for at least 3 years). Eight patients (25%) underwent non-radical surgery (median survival 24 mo),seven patients (22%) were treated with radio-and/or chemotherapy without surgery (median survival 15 mo) and seven patients (22%) only received best supportive care (median survival 5 mo). Distant dissemination occurred in 124 patients (20%) of whom 30 patients also had a local recurrence. The majority (54%) of these patients were treated with radio-and/or chemotherapy without surgery (median survival 15 mo). Twenty-seven percent of these patients only received best supportive care (median survival 6 mo),while 16% underwent surgery for their recurrence. Survival was best in the latter group (median survival 32 mo). CONCLUSION: Although treatment options and survival are limited in case of recurrent rectal cancer after radical local resection obtained with TME,patients can benefit from additional treatment,especially if a radical resection is feasible. | Roel Bakx Otto Visser Judith Josso Sybren Meijer J Frederik M Slors J Jan B van Lanschot | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，39： | 17 |
| 15 | PM_(2.5)及其测量与影响研究简史显示文摘美国率先建立的国家环境空气质量标准(NAAQS)旨在保护公众健康,而该理念已被包括中国在内的众多国家所采用。针对大气悬浮颗粒物(PM),NAAQS根据PM在仪器检测以及人体吸入时的粒径选择性特征,定义了总悬浮颗粒(TSP)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)及其相应的质量浓度标准。这些指标的建立是基于长达300年来颗粒物监测技术发展及其危害评价的结果。因此2012年中国在颁布实施新PM_(2.5)空气质量标准时,PM_(2.5)的监测及评价方面有了更多科学积累与技术选择。本文简要回顾了PM的粒径分布、化学组成、可吸入特征、人体健康效应及空气质量标准等研究简史,根据其他国家的发展经验,提出中国在观测网络设计、测量仪器选择和使用、质量控制和质量保证及监测结果分析等方面需要确立自己独特的行业指南。对于未来空气质量的管理和标准制定,应同时考虑多种污染物及其对公众健康、能见度、气候、材料及生态系统的影响。 | CHOW Judith C 曹军骥 李顺诚 王小亮 WATSON John G | 2012 | 地球环境学报2012，3，5： | 17 |
| 16 | Phylogenetic relationships of native and introduced Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) from China and India based on mtCOI DNA sequencing and host plant comparisons显示文摘Phylogenetic relationships for Bemisia tabaci were reconstructed by analysis of a ~780 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene with an emphasis on geographic range and distribution among eight eudicot plant families that are common hosts of B. tabaci worldwide to elucidate key phylogeographic linkages between populations extant in China (n=31) and India (n=34). Bootstrap values for the Maximum Parsimony tree were highly robust for all major nodes involving the major Asian clade, subgroups, and sister groups within, at 92%—100%. Between-clade distances for the Southeast Asia and three other major clades, e.g. from sub-Sahara Africa, North Africa-Mediterranean, and the Americas, were approximately >16% divergent. Two major Asian subgroups (I, II) were resolved, which represented populations indigenous to the region, comprising two (I a, I b) and five (II a—e) sister groups, respectively, which diverged by 11%. Two distinct populations from sunflower in Hyderabad grouped separately within the two Asian subgroups. All other populations grouped uniquely within Asian subgroup II or I. The 'B' biotype was identified in 23 collections from China at 97.3%—99.5% nucleotide identity with 'B' biotype reference sequences; it was not identified in collections from India. The majority of haplotypes were associated with 3—4 plant families, with one exception that for sister group IId (sesame, India), it might be monophagous. Thus, B. tabaci from the southeastern and near eastern regions of the Asian continent comprise of a large number of ancestral, richly divergent, mostly polyphagous populations. This region is therefore hypothesized to constitute an important Old World center of diversification for the B. tabaci complex, together with sub-Saharan Africa. | Qiu Baoli Susan A. Coats Ren Shunxiang Ali M. Idris Xu Caixia Judith K. Brown | 2007 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2007，17，6： | 15 |
| 17 | PM_(2.5) and PM_(10-2.5) chemical composition and source apportionment near a Hong Kong roadway显示文摘Twenty-four-hour PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) samples were collected simultaneously at a highly trafficked roadside site in Hong Kong every sixth day from October 2004 to September 2005.The mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM_(10-2.5)(defined as PM_(10)- PM_(2.5)),organic carbon(OC),elemental carbon(EC),water-soluble ions,and up to 25 elements were determined.Investigation of the chemical compositions and potential sources revealed distinct differences between PM_(2.5) and PM_(10-2.5).The annual average mass concentrations were 55.5±25.5 and 25.9±15.7 ug/m^3 for PM_(2.5) and PM_(10-2.5),respectively.EC,OM(OM =OC×1.4),and ammonium sulfate comprised over ~82% of PM_(2.5),accounting for^29%,~27%,and ~25%,respectively,of the PM_(2.5) mass.Low OC/EC ratios(less than 1) for PM_(2.5) suggested that fresh diesel-engine exhaust was a major contributor.Seven sources were resolved for PM_(2.5) by positive matrix factorization(PMF) model,including vehicle emissions(~29%),secondary inorganic aerosols(~27%),waste incinerator/biomass burning(~23%),residual oil combustion(~10%),marine aerosols(~6%),industrial exhaust(~4%),and resuspended road dust(~1%).EC and OM comprised only ~19%of PM_(10-2.5).The average OC/EC ratio of PM_(10-2.5) was 7.8±14.2,suggesting that sources other than vehicular exhaust were important contributors.The sources for PM_(10-2.5) determined by the PMF model included ~20%traffic-generated resuspension(e.g.,tire dust/brake linear/petrol evaporation),~17% locally resuspended road dust,~17% marine aerosols,~12% secondary aerosols/field burning,and ~11%vehicle emissions. | Yan Cheng Shuncheng Lee Zhaolin Gu Kinfai Ho Yunwei Zhang Yu Huang Judith C.Chow John G.Watson Junji Cao Renjian Zhang | 2015 | Particuology2015，13，1： | 14 |
| 18 | 基于主成分-聚类法的高速公路沥青路面养护路段划分显示文摘为了合理划分高速公路沥青路面养护路段,改变以往由于养护路段划分不合理带来的养护资金不足、人工浪费的问题,采用主成分-聚类分析法对高速公路沥青路面养护路段进行了划分。以京藏高速公路甘肃白银段沥青路面使用性能指标检测数据为样本,首先运用主成分分析法对各个路面使用性能指标数据进行降维处理,根据主成分累计贡献率大小确定路况信息的主成分个数与主成分得分;再将得到的主成分得分作为聚类分析的变量,进行养护路段的分类与划分。结果表明:运用主成分-聚类分析法进行养护路段划分将路况特征一致的路段划分为一类,各指标间的相关性显著,根据主成分-聚类分析法的结果以及聚类后的路面使用性能的4个评价指标平均值大小,确定相应路段养护的优先次序,划分结果可用于科学的养护决策。 | 崔玉姣 李波 王静 Kundwa Marie Judith 马伟中 | 2019 | 公路2019，64，3： | 14 |
| 19 | 七个发达国家卫生系统的领导与治理显示文摘本文运用结构式调查方法,探讨了澳大利亚、英国、德国、荷兰、挪威、瑞典和瑞士七个发达国家卫生系统的领导和治理情况。领导与治理模式包含三项基本职能:优先顺序设置、绩效监管和问责制。各国卫生系统的领导和治理方法存在着显著差异,零散并略显随意。虽然各国在卫生系统的总体目标上达成了共识,但设置优先顺序的途径各不相同。成本效益分析作为设置卫生系统运行优先顺序的一个主要方法被各国加以广泛运用,但并未发挥核心作用。各国虽然处于不同的发展阶段,但绩效监管却能广泛吸收有益意见。问责制特别是在最优方法的不确定性方面,各国之间的差异最大。大多数情况下,市场机制、选举程序、直接经济激励以及专业监督与控制等几种不同问责机制的组合可能更为合适。而且这些机制应与优先顺序设置和绩效监管协调一致。 | Peter C Smith Anders Anell Reinhard Busse Luca Crivelli Judith Healy Anne Karin Lindahl Gert Westert Tobechukwu Kene | 2012 | 中国卫生政策研究2012，5，11： | 13 |
| 20 | Infiltrative xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking aggressive gallbladder carcinoma: A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma显示文摘Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis(XGC) is an uncommon variant of chronic cholecystitis. The perioperative findings in aggressive cases may be indistinguishable from those of gallbladder or biliary tract carcinomas. Three patients presented mass lesions that infiltrated the hepatic hilum,provoked biliary dilatation and jaundice,and were indicative of malignancy. Surgical excision was performed following oncological principles and included extirpation of the gallbladder,extrahepatic bile duct,and hilar lymph nodes,as well as partial hepatectomy. Postoperative morbidity was minimal. Surgical pathology demonstrated XGC and absence of malignancy in all three cases. All three patients are alive and well after years of follow-up. XGC may have such an aggressive presentation that carcinoma may only be ruled out on surgical pathology. In such cases,the best option may be radical resection following oncological principles performed by expert surgeons,in order that postoperative complications may be minimized if not avoided altogether. | Lucas Souto Nacif Amelia Judith Hessheimer Sonia Rodríguez Gómez Carla Montironi Constantino Fondevila | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，48： | 13 |
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