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| 1 | AHA/ASA关于卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作患者卒中预防推荐的更新显示文摘在卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)患者卒中预防推荐发表以后,美国心脏协会和美国卒中协会(American Heart Association/American Stroke Association,AHA/ASA)著述委员会对最近的一些试验结果进行了回顾。本文的目的是对这些新资料做简要回顾、更新某些推荐意见并说明进行这些修改的理由。在2个领域已发表了一些新的重要临床试验结果:(1)在非心源性栓塞所致缺血性卒中或TIA患者卒中二级预防中具体抗血小板药的应用;(2)他汀类药物在预防卒中复发中的应用。 | Robert J. Adams Greg Albers Mark J. Alberts Oscar Benavente Karen Furie Larry B. Goldstein Philip Gorelick Jonathan Halperin Robert Harbaugh S. Claiborne Johnston Irene Katzan Margaret Kelly-Hayes Edgar J. Kenton Michael Marks Ralph L. Sacco Lee H. Schwamm 赵洪芹 李海峰 (译) | 2008 | 国际脑血管病杂志2008，16，4： | 123 |
| 2 | 卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作患者的卒中预防指南 美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗卫生专业人员制定的指南显示文摘本指南旨在为缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作存活患者的卒中预防提供全面和及时的循证推荐,包括危险因素的控制、动脉粥样硬化性疾病的于预、心源性栓塞的抗栓治疗以及非心源性栓塞性卒中的抗血小板治疗。另外,还对其他许多特殊情况下的复发性卒中预防提供了推荐意见,包括动脉夹层分离、卯圆孔未闭、高同型半胱氨酸血症、高凝状态、镰状细胞病、脑静脉窦血栓形成、女性卒中(尤其是与妊娠和绝经后雌激素替代治疗相关性卒中)、脑出血后抗凝药的使用等,以及实施本指南及其在高危人群中应用的特定方法。 | Karen L. Furie Scott E. Kasner Robert J. Adams Gregory W. Albers Ruth L. Bush Susan C. Fagan Jonathan L. Halperin S. Claiborne Johnston Irene Katzan Walter N. Kernan Pamela H. Mitchell Bruce Ovbiagele Yuko Y. Palesch Ralph L. Sacco Lee H. Schwamm Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller Tanya N. Turan Deidre Wentworth 李海峰(译) 刘涛(译) 杨潘(译) 王鹏(译) | 2011 | 国际脑血管病杂志2011，19，1： | 391 |
| 3 | 新疆博斯腾湖记录的亚洲内陆干旱区小冰期湿润气候研究显示文摘利用中国内陆干旱区最大淡水湖泊博斯腾湖中心的钻孔岩芯,在137Cs,210Pb和AMS14C测年基础上,对湖泊岩芯孢粉组合、碳酸盐含量和粒度等多指标进行了分析.结果发现,近1000年来,内陆干旱区气候变化经历了3个主要阶段,1000~1500AD干旱、1500~1900AD湿润和1900AD以来的再次变干,近千年来在几百年尺度上的气候变化组合以暖干和冷湿为主.在公元1500~1900年的小冰期期间,多种代用指标均出现显著变化,孢粉蒿藜比显著增大,碳酸盐含量明显降低,而粒度明显偏粗,说明博斯腾湖流域降水增加,气候比今湿润,这与近百年来全球变暖条件下内陆干旱区出现的暖干气候形成显著对照.亚洲内陆冰芯、湖泊、河流、树轮、沙漠等记录均记录了西风环流显著影响区较为湿润的小冰期气候,出现明显的冷湿气候组合,博斯腾湖岩芯记录的湿润小冰期气候具有代表性.西风环流影响区湿润小冰期气候可能是全球性普遍降温导致有效湿度增加和因北大西洋涛动负异常而导致的西风影响区降水增加两个因素共同作用的结果. | 陈发虎 黄小忠 张家武 Jonathan A.Holmes 陈建徽 | 2007 | 中国科学(D辑)2007，37，1： | 52 |
| 4 | Recent advances and applications of machine learning in solidstate materials science显示文摘One of the most exciting tools that have entered the material science toolbox in recent years is machine learning.This collection of statistical methods has already proved to be capable of considerably speeding up both fundamental and applied research.At present,we are witnessing an explosion of works that develop and apply machine learning to solid-state systems.We provide a comprehensive overview and analysis of the most recent research in this topic.As a starting point,we introduce machine learning principles,algorithms,descriptors,and databases in materials science.We continue with the description of different machine learning approaches for the discovery of stable materials and the prediction of their crystal structure.Then we discuss research in numerous quantitative structure–property relationships and various approaches for the replacement of first-principle methods by machine learning.We review how active learning and surrogate-based optimization can be applied to improve the rational design process and related examples of applications.Two major questions are always the interpretability of and the physical understanding gained from machine learning models.We consider therefore the different facets of interpretability and their importance in materials science.Finally,we propose solutions and future research paths for various challenges in computational materials science. | Jonathan Schmidt Mário R.G.Marques Silvana Botti Miguel A.L.Marques | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 49 |
| 5 | Portal vein thrombosis, mortality and hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To determine the clinical impact of portal vein thrombosis in terms of both mortality and hepatic decompensations(variceal hemorrhage, ascites, portosystemic encephalopathy) in adult patients with cirrhosis.METHODS: We identified original articles reported through February 2015 in MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Citation Index, AMED, the Cochrane Library, and relevant examples available in the grey literature. Two independent reviewers screened all citations for inclusion criteria and extracted summary data. Random effects odds ratios were calculated to obtain aggregate estimates of effect size across included studies, with 95%CI.RESULTS: A total of 226 citations were identified and reviewed, and 3 studies with 2436 participants were included in the meta-analysis of summary effect. Patients with portal vein thrombosis had an increased risk of mortality(OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.11-2.36, P = 0.01). Portal vein thrombosis was associated with an increased risk of ascites(OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.63-3.89, P < 0.001). There was insufficient data available to determine the pooled effect on other markers of decompensation including gastroesophageal variceal bleeding or hepatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Portal vein thrombosis appears to increase mortality and ascites, however, the relatively small number of included studies limits more generalizable conclusions. More trials with a direct comparison group are needed. | Jonathan G Stine Puja M Shah Scott L Cornella Sean R Rudnick Marwan S Ghabril George J Stukenborg Patrick G Northup | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，27： | 42 |
| 6 | Use of portal pressure studies in the management of variceal haemorrhage显示文摘Portal hypertension occurs as a complication of liver cirrhosis and complications such as variceal bleeding lead to significant demands on resources. Endoscopy is the gold standard method for screening cirrhotic patients however universal endoscopic screening may mean a lot of unnecessary procedures as the presence of oesophageal varices is variable hence a large time and cost burden on endoscopy units to carry out both screening and subsequent follow up of variceal bleeds. A less invasive method to identify those at high risk of bleeding would allow earlier prophylactic measures to be applied. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is an acceptable indirect measurement of portal hypertension and predictor of the complications of portal hypertension in adult cirrhotics. Varices develop at a HVPG of 10-12 mmHg with the appearance of other complications with HPVG > 12 mmHg. Variceal bleeding does not occur in pressures under 12 mmHg. HPVG > 20 mmHg measured early after admission is a significant prognostic indicator of failure to control bleeding varices, indeed early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in such circumstances reduces mortality significantly. HVPG can be used to identify responders to medical therapy. Patients who do not achieve the suggested reduction targets in HVPG have a high risk of rebleeding despite endoscopic ligation and may not derive significant overall mortality benefit from endoscopic intervention alone, ultimately requiring TIPS or liver transplantation. Early HVPG measurements following a variceal bleed can help to identify those at risk of treatment failure who may benefit from early intervention with TIPS. Therefore, we suggest using HVPG measurement as the investigation of choice in those with confirmed cirrhosis in place of endoscopy for intitial variceal screening and, where indicated, a trial of B-blockade, either intravenously during the initial pressure study with assessment of response or oral therapy with repeat HVPG six weeks later. In those with elevated pressures, primary medical prophylaxis could be commenced with subsequent close monitoring of HVPG thus negating the need for endoscopy at this point. All patients presenting with variceal haemorrhage should undergo HVPG measurement and those with a gradient greater than 20 mmHg should be considered for early TIPS. By introducing portal pressure studies into a management algorithm for variceal bleeding, the number of endoscopies required for further intervention and follow up can be reduced leading to significant savings in terms of cost and demand on resources. | Jennifer Addley Tony CK Tham William Jonathan Cash | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，4，7： | 37 |
| 7 | Tight junctions in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer显示文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterised by inflammation that compromises the integrity of the epithelial barrier. The intestinal epithelium is not only a static barrier but has evolved complex mechanisms to control and regulate bacterial interactions with the mucosal surface. Apical tight junction proteins are critical in the maintenance of epithelial barrier function and control of paracellular permeability. The characterisation of alterations in tight junction proteins as key players in epithelial barrier function in inflammatory bowel diseases is rapidly enhancing our understanding of critical mechanisms in disease pathogenesis as well as novel therapeutic opportunities. Here we give an overview of recent literature focusing on the role of tight junction proteins, in particular claudins, in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer. | Jonathan Landy Emma Ronde Nick English Sue K Clark Ailsa L Hart Stella C Knight Paul J Ciclitira Hafid Omar Al-Hassi | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，11： | 39 |
| 8 | 叙述文中名词回指分析显示文摘 | 徐赳赳 Jonathan J.Webster | 1999 | 语言教学与研究1999，，4： | 34 |
| 9 | miRNAS in cardiovascular diseases: potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets and challenges显示文摘心血管的疾病(CVD ) 在世界上是病态和死亡的领先的原因。尽管可观的进步在 CVD 的诊断,治疗和预后被取得了,仍然有批评需要让新奇诊断 biomarkers 和新治疗学的干预减少这疾病的发生。最近,正在增加证据那传播 miRNAs (miRNAs ) ,即内长的、稳定的、搁浅单人赛的、短、非编码的 RNA,能为 CVD 被用作诊断 biomarkers。而且, miRNAs 为几心血管的混乱代表潜在的新奇治疗学的目标。在这评论我们提供几 CVD 的效果的概述;包括心失败,尖锐心肌的梗塞,心律不齐和肺的高血压;在传播 miRNAs 的层次上。另外, miRNA 的使用也作为治疗学的目标被讨论,以及质问并且在他们在 CVD 的诊断的使用的建议。 | Shan-shan ZHOU Jing-peng JIN Ji-qun WANG Zhi-guo ZHANG Jonathan H FREEDMAN Yang ZHENG Lu CAI | 2018 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2018，39，7： | 31 |
| 10 | Frozen shoulder:A systematic review of therapeutic options显示文摘Frozen shoulder is a common disease which causes significant morbidity. Despite over a hundred years of treating this condition the definition, diagnosis, pathology and most efficacious treatments are still largely unclear. This systematic review of current treatments for frozen shoulder reviews the evidence base behind physiotherapy, both oral and intra articular steroid, hydrodilatation, manipulation under anaesthesia and arthroscopic capsular release. Key areas in which future research could be directed are identified, in particular with regard to the increasing role of arthroscopic capsular release as a treatment. | Harpal Singh Uppal Jonathan Peter Evans Christopher Smith | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，2： | 33 |
| 11 | Petawatt and exawatt class lasers worldwide显示文摘In the 2015 review paper‘Petawatt Class Lasers Worldwide’a comprehensive overview of the current status of highpower facilities of>200 TW was presented.This was largely based on facility specifications,with some description of their uses,for instance in fundamental ultra-high-intensity interactions,secondary source generation,and inertial confinement fusion(ICF).With the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Professors Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou for the development of the technique of chirped pulse amplification(CPA),which made these lasers possible,we celebrate by providing a comprehensive update of the current status of ultra-high-power lasers and demonstrate how the technology has developed.We are now in the era of multi-petawatt facilities coming online,with 100 PW lasers being proposed and even under construction.In addition to this there is a pull towards development of industrial and multi-disciplinary applications,which demands much higher repetition rates,delivering high-average powers with higher efficiencies and the use of alternative wavelengths:mid-IR facilities.So apart from a comprehensive update of the current global status,we want to look at what technologies are to be deployed to get to these new regimes,and some of the critical issues facing their development. | Colin N.Danson Constantin Haefner Jake Bromage Thomas Butcher Jean-Christophe FChanteloup Enam A.Chowdhury Almantas Galvanauskas Leonida A.Gizzi Joachim Hein David I.Hillier Nicholas W.Hopps Yoshiaki Kato Efim A.Khazanov Ryosuke Kodama Georg Korn Ruxin Li Yutong Li Jens Limpert Jingui Ma Chang Hee Nam David Neely Dimitrios Papadopoulos Rory R.Penman Liejia Qian Jorge J.Rocca andrey A.Shaykin Craig W.Siders Christopher Spindloe Sándor Szatmári Raoul M.G.M.Trines Jianqiang Zhu Ping Zhu Jonathan D.Zuegel | 2019 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2019，7，3： | 33 |
| 12 | 花粉记录的青藏高原中部中全新世以来植被与环境显示文摘青藏高原中部的草甸/草原混合生态群落,对气候变化非常敏感.孢粉记录显示草原发育时期,莎草减少,区域气候是相对干旱的,在时间上对应季风相对弱的时期.依据唐古拉山垭口湖、阿洪错和错那3个淡水湖泊钻孔孢粉分析,定量重建的温度和降水指标,探讨该地区8200 cal a BP以来的植被与气候变化.8200~6500 cal a BP,尤其是8200~7200 cal a BP,植被以草甸/草原混合生态群落为主,显示强季风控制着青藏高原中部;6000~4900,4400~3900以及2800~2400 cal a BP时期区域植被以草原植被为主,应是3次百年尺度的干旱事件;4900~4400 cal a BP期间植被类型由草原向草甸转变;6500~5400和3000~1600 cal a BP出现两次大的变干事件;数值摸拟估计,高原中部接近于现今的环境,最早可能出现在6500cal a BP,自3000cal a BP以后高原中部季风性降水和湿度逐渐减少至现今水平,可能在700~300cal a BP出现一次小冰期变冷事件. | 唐领余 沈才明 李春海 彭金兰 刘惠 Kam-Biu Liu Carrie Morrill Jonathan T.Overpeck Jonathan E.Cole 杨保 | 2009 | 中国科学(D辑)2009，39，5： | 28 |
| 13 | Chemical vapor deposition growth of monolayer MoSe2 nanosheets显示文摘 | Jonathan C. Shaw Hailong Zhou Yu Chen Nathan O. Weiss Yuan Liu Yu Huang Xiangfeng Duan | 2014 | Nano Research2014，7，4： | 26 |
| 14 | 基于地面实测高光谱数据的三江源中东部草地植被光谱特征研究显示文摘草地不仅是畜牧业的生产基地,而且是生态安全屏障保护和牧民生活与草原文化传承的基础,具有生态、生产和生活功能。然而,草地日益退化导致的生态经济问题越来越突出。因此,实时、准确地监测草地的退化具有重要意义。根据所测定的各种地面植被的光谱数据,分析了三江源中东部典型草原区常见草种的光谱特性;利用一阶微分法、连续统去除法和归一化微分比的方法对草地植被光谱反射曲线进行了处理,提取了典型草地植被的光谱特征;通过光谱分析法能准确识别藏嵩草和小嵩草优势种,取得了较好的精度。为高光谱遥感草地监测提供了有力依据。 | 安如 姜丹萍 李晓雪 王喆 Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard | 2014 | 遥感技术与应用2014，29，2： | 26 |
| 15 | Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: An update显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common malignancies leading to high mortality rates in the general population; in cirrhotic patients, it is the primary cause of death. The diagnosis is usually delayed in spite of at-risk population screening recommendations, i.e., patients infected with hepatitis B or C virus. Hepatocarcinogenesis hinges on a great number of genetic and molecular abnormalities that lead to tumor angiogenesis and foster their dissemination potential. The diagnosis is mainly based on imaging studies such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance, in which lesions present a characteristic classical pattern of early arterial enhancement followed by contrast medium 'washout' in late venous phase. On occasion, when imaging studies are not conclusive, biopsy of the lesion must be performed to establish the diagnosis. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging method is the most frequently used worldwide and recommended by the international guidelines of HCC management. Currently available treatments include tumor resection, liver transplant, sorafenib and locoregional therapies(alcoholization, radiofrequency ablation, chemoembolization). The prognosis of hepatocarcinoma is determined according to the lesion's stage and in cirrhotic patients, on residual liver function. Curative treatments, such as liver transplant, are sought in patients diagnosed in early stages; patients in more advanced stages, were not greatly benefitted by chemotherapy in terms of survival until the advent of target molecules such as sorafenib. | Javier Tejeda-Maldonado Ignacio García-Juárez Jonathan Aguirre-Valadez Adrián González-Aguirre Mario Vilatobá-Chapa Alejandra Armengol-Alonso Francisco Escobar-Penagos Aldo Torre Juan Francisco Sánchez-ávila Diego Luis Carrillo-Pérez | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，3： | 22 |
| 16 | 健身锻炼心理预测因素与运动损伤的相关性研究显示文摘目的:从运动心理学角度探讨大众健身人群风险认知、风险承担、运动能力判断、运动损伤经历等心理预测因素与运动损伤的相关性,同时测定以上因素对实际健身锻炼中运动损伤的预测效度,并探究其间的性别差异,旨在为进一步有效减少和预防运动损伤提供理论依据。方法:从健身俱乐部新入会的学员中,随机选取300名(男性150人,女性150人)年龄在26~35岁之间的健康成年志愿者组成实验组,进行为期12周,每周3~4次的健身锻炼。要求受试者在俱乐部每次锻炼前及时记录并提供风险认知、风险承担、运动能力判断及运动损伤经历等信息。利用运动损伤风险量表(RISSc)、风险承担行为量表(RTB)和李克特五级评分法(Likert-Type Scale)等对以上因素进行测试与评价。之后,对实验数据进行相关性分析、多元Logistic回归分析和多元方差分析等统计学处理。结果:1)"风险认知"并不与"风险承担"或"运动损伤"呈负相关;2)低水平的"风险认知"和"运动能力判断"使锻炼者受伤风险显著增加,其比值比(ORs)区间为:3.79~7.95;3)"运动能力高估"与"运动损伤"呈正相关;4)"运动能力判断"与"风险承担"呈正相关;5)"风险承担"与"运动能力高估"、"运动损伤"或"运动损伤经历"之间不存在相关性;6)"运动损伤经历"与运动损伤之间也不存在相关性;7)女性的"风险认知"水平比男性高,"风险承担"水平比男性低;但在"运动能力判断"和"运动能力高估"上,并无性别差异,且随后男性和女性在健身锻炼中发生的运动损伤量较为接近。结论:1)健身锻炼心理预测因素中,"风险认知"不与运动损伤呈负相关;"运动能力高估"与运动损伤呈正相关;"风险承担"与运动损伤之间无相关性。2)低水平的"风险认知"和"运动能力判断"是健身锻炼者发生运动损伤的重要心理危险因素;3)女性风险认知力比男性高,运动能力判断(高估)与男性相似,风险承担行为比男性少,且易受过去运动损伤经历的影响。 | 陈金鳌 陆彩凤 王欣 左弯弯 Jonathan R.Baldridge | 2011 | 体育科学2011，31，11： | 20 |
| 17 | An update on transurethral surgery for benign prostatic obstruction显示文摘Clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is one of the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms and transurethral resection of prostate(TURP)has been the gold standard technique for surgical treatment of benign prostate obstruction(BPO)over the last 2 decades.Although monopolar TURP is considered a safe and effective option for surgical management of BPO,there are some disadvantages,namely bleeding,transurethral resection syndrome,incompleteness of treatment.This review aims to highlight these problems,and describe the advances in technology and techniques that have evolved to minimise such complications.With the advent of lasers and bipolar technology,as well as enucleative techniques to remove the prostatic adenoma/adenomata,the problems of bleeding,transurethral resection syndrome and incomplete treatment are significantly minimised.Monopolar TURPwill likely be replaced by such technology and techniques in the near future such that transurethral surgery of the prostate remain a safe and effective option in alleviating the harmful effects of BPO. | Jonathan Shunming Teo Yee Mun Lee Henry Sun Sien Ho | 2017 | Asian Journal of Urology2017，4，3： | 20 |
| 18 | Identification of coastal wetlands of international importance for waterbirds:a review of China Coastal Waterbird Surveys 2005–2013显示文摘Background:China's coastal wetlands belong to some of the most threatened ecosystems worldwide.The loss and degradation of these wetlands seriously threaten waterbirds that depend on wetlands.Methods:The China Coastal Waterbird Census was organized by volunteer birdwatchers in China's coastal region.Waterbirds were surveyed synchronously once every month at 14 sites,as well as irregularly at a further 18 sites,between September 2005 and December 2013.Results:A total of 75 species of waterbirds met the 1 % population level Ramsar listing criterion at least once at one site.The number of birds of the following species accounted for over 20 % of the total flyway populations at a single site:Mute Swan(Cygnus olor),Siberia Crane(Grus leucogeranus),Far Eastern Oystercatcher(Haematopus osculans),Bar-tailed Godwit(Limosa lapponica),Spotted Greenshank(Tringa guttifer),Great Knot(Calidris tenuirostris),Spoon-billed Sandpiper(Calidris pygmeus),Saunders' s Gull(Larus saundersi),Relict Gull(Larus relictus),Great Cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo),Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia),Black-faced Spoonbill(Platalea minor) and Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus).A total of 26 sites supported at least one species of which their number met the1 % criterion.Forty-two species met the 1 % criterion in the Yellow River Delta,Shandong;29 at the Cangzhou coast,Hebei and 26 species at the Lianyungang coast,Jiangsu.Conclusions:The results highlight the international importance of China's coastal wetlands for waterbirds.This study also demonstrates that participation of local birdwatchers in waterbird surveys results in data that are invaluable not only for understanding the current status of waterbirds in China's coastal regions but also for waterbird conservation and management. | Qingquan Bai Jianzhong Chen Zhihong Chen Guotai Dong Jiangtian Dong Wenxiao Dong Vivian Wing Kan Fu Yongxiang Han Gang Lu Jing Li Yang Liu Zhi Lin Derong Meng Jonathan Martinez Guanghui Ni Kai Shan Renjie Sun Suixing Tian Fengqin Wang Zhiwei Xu Yat-tung Yu Jin Yang Zhidong Yang Lin Zhang Ming Zhang Xiangwu Zeng | 2015 | Chinese Birds2015，，3： | 20 |
| 19 | Genetic epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by presence of abdominal pain or discomfort associated with altered bowel habits. It has three main subtypes- constipation predominant IBS(C-IBS),diarrhea predominant IBS(D-IBS) and IBS with mixed featuresof both diarrhea as well as constipation(M-IBS). Its pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. It is traditionally believed that IBS is a result of multiple factors including hypersensitivity of the bowel,altered bowel motility,inflammation and stress. Initial studies have shown familial aggregation of IBS suggesting shared genetic or environmental factors. Twin studies of IBS from different parts of world have shown higher concordance rates among monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins,and thus suggesting a genetic component to this disorder. Multiple studies have tried to link single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) to IBS but there is little evidence that these SNPs are functional. Various molecules have been studied and investigated by the researchers. Serotonin,a known neurotransmitter and a local hormone in the enteric nervous system,has been most extensively explored. At this time,the underlying gene pathways,genes and functional variants linked with IBS remain unknown and the promise of genetically-determined risk prediction and personalize medicine remain unfulfilled. However,molecular biological technologies continue to evolve rapidly and genetic investigations offer much promise in the intervention,treatment and prevention of IBS. | Jasbir Makker Sridhar Chilimuri Jonathan N Bella | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，40： | 20 |
| 20 | 美国退伍军人事务部/国防部成人脑卒中康复治疗管理临床实践指南(执行简写版)显示文摘背景专家委员会制定的卒中康复指南应用于退伍军人健康管理部门及国防部卫生保健系统。方法根据以前发表的指南,委员会利用美国预防服务特别工作组制定的标准,评价了截至到2002年发表的文献。指南根据临床随机化实验、非对照性研究等证据提出建议(如缺乏确定的数据则根据专家组的建议)。结果Ⅰ级水平的建议包括:在多学科康复环境中或卒中单元中传递卒中治疗,通过NI HSS对卒中患者进行评价,早期启动康复治疗,对吞咽困难患者进行吞咽功能筛查,积极进行二级预防,预防深静脉血栓等。推荐应用标准化的评价工具制定适合每个患者的全面的治疗计划。强烈建议进行抗抑郁及情感波动方面的治疗。语言治疗师应评价患者的交流及认知障碍,并在需要时提供治疗。患者、家属及护理者是康复小组的重要成员,应当介入康复的全部疗程。这些建议在以下网站可查询:http://gffzz5f80cf956d2d4616h6owwbcc66fp569up.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/cgi/content/full/36/9/e100。并附有每项建议的全文证据表。结论这些建议应平等地应用于所有临床环境中的所有卒中康复患者,而不是仅针对联邦医疗系统的临床问题或资源。 | Barbara Bates John Y. Choi Pamela W. Duncan Jonathan J. Glasberg Glenn D. Graham Richard C. Katz Kerri Lamberty Dean Reker Richard Zorowitz 杨雅琴(译) 王拥军(译) | 2006 | 中国康复理论与实践2006，12，1： | 19 |
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