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| 1 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Diseases not unique to pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy is a special clinical state with several normal physiological changes that influence body organs including the liver.Liver disease can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both pregnant women and their infants.Few challenges arise in reaching an accurate diagnosis in light of such physiological changes.Laboratory test results should be carefully interpreted and the knowledge of what normal changes to expect is prudent to avoid clinical misjudgment.Other challenges entail the methods of treatment and their safety for both the mother and the baby.This review summarizes liver diseases that are not unique to pregnancy.We focus on viral hepatitis and its mode of transmission,diagnosis,effect on the pregnancy,the mother,the infant,treatment,and breast-feeding.Autoimmune hepatitis,primary biliary cirrhosis,primary sclerosing cholangitis,Wilson’s disease,Budd Chiari and portal vein thrombosis in pregnancy are also discussed.Pregnancy is rare in patients with cirrhosis because of the metabolic and hormonal changes associated with cirrhosis.Variceal bleeding can happen in up to 38%of cirrhotic pregnant women.Management of portal hypertension during pregnancy is discussed.Pregnancy increases the pathogenicity leading to an increase in the rate of gallstones.We discuss some of the interventions for gallstones in pregnancy if symptoms arise.Finally,we provide an overview of some of the options in managing hepatic adenomas and hepatocellular carcinoma during pregnancy. | Ashraf A Almashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Rubayat N Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 17 |
| 2 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Diseases unique to pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy is a special clinical state with several normal physiological changes that influence body organs including the liver.Liver disease can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both pregnant women and their infants.This review summarizes liver diseases that are unique to pregnancy.We discuss clinical conditions that are seen only in pregnant women and involve the liver;from Hyperemesis Gravidarum that happens in 1out of 200 pregnancies and Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy(0.5%-1.5%prevalence),to the more frequent condition of preeclampsia(10%prevalence)and its severe form;hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and a low platelet count syndrome(12%of pregnancies with preeclampsia),to the rare entity of Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy(incidence of 1 per 7270 to 13000deliveries).Although pathogeneses behind the development of these aliments are not fully understood,theories have been proposed.Some propose the special physiological changes that accompany pregnancy as a precipitant.Others suggest a constellation of factors including both the mother and her fetus that come together to trigger those unique conditions.Reaching a timely and accurate diagnosis of such conditions can be challenging.The timing of the condition in relation toward which trimester it starts at is a key.Accurate diagnosis can be made using specific clinical findings and blood tests.Some entities have well-defined criteria that help not only in making the diagnosis,but also in classifying the disease according to its severity.Management of these conditions range from simple medical remedies to measures such as immediate termination of the pregnancy.In specific conditions,it is prudent to have expert obstetric and medical specialists teaming up to help improve the outcomes. | Khulood T Ahmed Ashraf A Almashhrawi Rubayat N Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 10 |
| 3 | Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic syndrome:An update显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has increased dramatically by 80% over the past two decades in the United States. Numerous basic science and clinical studies have documented a strong association between hepatocellular carcinoma and the metabolic syndrome. These studies have documented that, in most patients, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, which may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma through the cirrhotic process. However, minority of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis.This review summarizes the current literature of the link between hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic syndrome with special emphasis on various components of the metabolic syndrome including risk of association with obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia,and hypertension. Current understanding of pathophysiology, clinical features, treatments, outcomes,and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma in the background of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is reviewed. With the current epidemic of metabolic syndrome, the number of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing.Subsequently, it is expected that the incidence and prevalence of HCC will also increase. It is very important for the scientific community to shed more light on the pathogenesis of HCC with metabolic syndrome,both with and without cirrhosis. At the same time it is also important to quantify the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with the metabolic syndrome in a prospective setting and develop surveillance recommendations for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with metabolic syndrome. | Rubayat Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Ashraf A Al-mashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2013，5，9： | 8 |
| 4 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Liver transplantation in pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy in patients with advanced liver disease is uncommon as most women with decompensated cirrhosis are infertile and have high rate of anovulation.However,if gestation ensued;it is very challenging and carries high risks for both the mother and the baby such as higher rates of spontaneous abortion,prematurity,pulmonary hypertension,splenic artery aneurysm rupture,postpartum hemorrhage,and a potential for life-threatening variceal hemorrhage and hepatic decompensation.In contrary,with orthotopic liver transplantation,menstruation resumes and most women of childbearing age are able to conceive,give birth and lead a better quality of life.Women with orthotopic liver transplantation seeking pregnancy should be managed carefully by a team consultation with transplant hepatologist,maternal-fetal medicine specialist and other specialists.Pregnant liver transplant recipients need to stay on immunosuppression medication to prevent allograft rejection.Furthermore,these medications need to be monitored carefully and continued throughout pregnancy to avoid potential adverse effects to mother and baby.Thus delaying pregnancy 1 to 2 years after transplantation minimizes fetal exposure to high doses of immunosuppressants.Pregnant female liver transplant patients have a high rate of cesarean delivery likely due to the high rate of prematurity in this population.Recent reports suggest that with close monitoring and multidisciplinary team approach,most female liver transplant recipient of childbearing age will lead a successful pregnancy. | Ghassan M Hammoud Ashraf A Almashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Rubayat Rahman Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 3 |
| 5 | Effect of calcium-based versus non-calcium-based phosphate binders on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘 | Sophie A Jamal Ben Vandermeer Paolo Raggi David C Mendelssohn Trish Chatterley Marlene Dorgan Charmaine E Lok David Fitchett Ross T Tsuyuki | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，： | 2 |
| 6 | The disciplinary dilemma of tourism studies 显示文摘 | Echtner C M Jamal T B | 1997 | Annals of Tourism Research1997，24，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Acute changes in systolic and diastolic events during clinical coronary angioplasty:a comparison of regional velocity,strain rate,and strain measurement显示文摘 | Jamal F D'Hooge J | 2002 | J Am Soc Echocardiogr2002，15，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Pallidotomy: a survey of current practice in North America,显示文摘 | Jamal M Tung T | 1996 | Neurosurgery1996，39，： | 1 |
| 9 | Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV)infection显示文摘 | Sy T Jamal MM | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 10 | Collaboration theory and community tourism planning显示文摘 | Jamal T B Getz D | 1995 | Annals of Tourism Research1995，22，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Collaboration Theory and Community Tourism Planning显示文摘 | Jamal T B Getz D | 1995 | Annals of Tourism Research1995，22，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Systems-based model- ing for participatory tourism planning and destination management显示文摘 | Jamal T Borges M Figueiredo R | 2004 | Tourism Analysis2004，9，： | 1 |
| 13 | Collaboration theory and community tourism planning显示文摘 | Jamal T Getz D | 1995 | Annals of Tourism Research1995，22，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Collaboration theory and community tourism planning显示文摘 | Jamal T B D Getz | | 0，，22： | 1 |
| 15 | Acute changes in systolic and diastolic events during clinical coronary angioplasty:a comparison of regional velocity,strain rate,and strain measurement显示文摘 | Kukulski T Jamal F D'hooge J | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 16 | Identification of acutely ische-mic myocardium using ultrasonic strain measurements a clinicalstudy in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty显示文摘 | Kuklski T Jamal F Herbots L | 2003 | J Am CollCardiol2003，41，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Physiologic oxy- gen concentration enhances the stem-like properties of CD133 + human glioblastoma cells in vitro 显示文摘 | McCord A M Jamal M Shankavaram U T | 2009 | Mol Cancer Res2009，7，4： | 1 |
| 18 | The hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effect of Citrullus colocynthis fruit aqueous extract in nomal and alloxan diabeteic rabbit显示文摘 | Issa A A H Jamal A A B Mohammeda S T | 2000 | J E thnopharmacology2000，7，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Collaboration theory and community tourism planning显示文摘 | Jamal T B D Getz | 1995 | Annals of Tourism Research1995，22，： | 1 |
| 20 | Collaboration theory and community tourism planning显示文摘 | JAMAL T GETZ D | 1995 | Annals of Tourism Research1995，22，： | 1 |
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