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| 1 | Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”显示文摘Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, S.aureus intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure. | Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan | 2019 | Bone Research2019，7，3： | 19 |
| 2 | Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours显示文摘 | Irvin M Modlin Kjell Oberg Daniel C Chung Robert T Jensen Wouter W de Herder Rajesh V Thakker Martyn Caplin Gianfranco Delle Fave Greg A Kaltsas Eric P Krenning Steven F Moss Ola Nilsson Guido Rindi Ramon Salazar Philippe Ruszniewski Anders Sundin | 2008 | Lancet Oncology2008，，1： | 8 |
| 3 | Standardized measurement of the future liver remnant prior to extended liver resection: Methodology and clinical associations显示文摘 | Jean-Nicolas Vauthey Amin Chaoui Kim-Anh Do Malcolm M Bilimoria Marc J Fenstermacher Chuslip Charnsangavej Marshall Hicks Guido Alsfasser Gregory Lauwers Irvin F Hawkins James Caridi | 2000 | Surgery2000，，5： | 2 |
| 4 | Novel tin oxide-based an-odes for Li-ion batteries显示文摘 | Belliard F Connor P A Irvine J T S | 2000 | Solid State2000，135，14： | 1 |
| 5 | Low carbon baintic steels显示文摘 | Irvine K J Picketing F B | 1957 | Journal Iron and Steel Institute1957，187，： | 1 |
| 6 | Electrochemical performance of ball-milled ZnO-SnO2 systems as anodes in lithium-ion battery显示文摘 | Belliard F Irvine J T S | 2001 | J Power Sources2001，9798，： | 1 |
| 7 | Pokeweed antiviral protein isoforms PAP-I, PAP-II, and PAP-III depurinate RNA of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-I 显示文摘 | Rajamohan F Venkatachalam T K Irvin J D | 1999 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun1999，260，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Pokeweed antiviral protein isoforms PAP-Ⅰ, PAP-Ⅱ, and PAP-Ⅲ depurinate RNA of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 显示文摘 | RAJAMOHAN F VENKATACHALAM T K IRVIN J D | 1999 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun1999，260，2： | 1 |
| 9 | A critical renew of epidemiological studies in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘 | Farrokhyar F Swarbrick ET Irvine EJ | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Electrochemical performance of ball-milled ZnO-SnO2 systems as anodes in lithium-ion battery 显示文摘 | Belliard F Irvine J T S | 2001 | J PowerSources2001，9798，： | 1 |
| 11 | Electrochemical performance of ball-milled ZnO-SnO2 systems as anodes in lithium-ion battery显示文摘 | Belliard F Irvine J S T | 2001 | J Power Sources2001，9798，： | 1 |
| 12 | Pokeweed Antiviral Protein: Ribosome Inactivation and Therapeutic Applications显示文摘 | Irvin J D Uckun F M | 1992 | Pharmacol Ther1992，55，： | 1 |
| 13 | Alkylation of 3-methyl-4-carbethoxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one( Hagemann’ Ester)and related substances显示文摘 | Lee Irvin Smith George F Rouault | 1943 | J Am Chem Soc1943，65，： | 1 |
| 14 | Evaluations ofvisible implant fluorescent tags for marking coho salmon smolts显示文摘 | BAILEY R E IRVINE J R DALZIEL F C | 1998 | North American Journal of Fisheries Management1998，18，： | 1 |
| 15 | Phospholipid signalling in plants 显示文摘 | Munnik T Irvine R F Musgrave A | 1998 | Biochim Biophys Acta1998，1389，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Electrochemical performance of ball- milled ZnO-SnO2 systems as anodes in lithium-ion baeetry 显示文摘 | BELLIARD F IRVINE J T S | 2001 | J Power Sources2001，9798，： | 1 |
| 17 | High-carbon bainitic steels显示文摘 | Irvine K J Pickering F B | 1965 | Iron and Steel Institute-Special Report1965，38，： | 1 |
| 18 | Novel tin oxide - based anodes for Li - ion batteries polymer degradation and stability 显示文摘 | Belliard F Connor P A Irvine J T S | 2000 | Solid State Ionics2000，135，14： | 1 |
| 19 | Suspension-feeding bivalves and the fate of primary production:an estuarine model applied to Chesapeake Bay显示文摘 | Holland A F Irvine D E | 1994 | Estuaries1994，17，： | 1 |
| 20 | A critical review of epidemiological studies in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘 | Farrokhyar F Swarbrick ET Irvine EJ | 2001 | Scand J Gastroenterol2001，36，1： | 1 |
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