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| 1 | 世界卫生组织(WHO)造血与淋巴组织肿瘤分类方案:临床顾问委员会会议报告显示文摘引言 :从 1995年开始 ,欧洲病理学工作者协会和血液病理学会一直致力于制定一个新的世界卫生组织 (WHO)血液恶性肿瘤分类方案 ,该分类方案包括淋巴系肿瘤、髓系肿瘤、组织细胞肿瘤和肥大细胞肿瘤。 材料与方法 :此项 WHO计划共组成十个病理学工作者委员会 ,负责确定病种和作出定义。另外还成立一个由国际血液学家和肿瘤学家组成的临床顾问委员会 (CAC)以保证该分类的临床实用性。 1997年 11月召开会议讨论了与该分类有关的临床问题。 结果 :WHO采纳了 1994年国际淋巴瘤研究组 (IL SG)报告的修订欧美淋巴系肿瘤分类 (REAL)方案作为淋巴系肿瘤的分类方案。该方案的分类方法遵循以下原则 :分类应是联合应用形态学、免疫表型、遗传特征及临床特征能够清楚界定的“真实存在”(“real”)病种的名录 ,上述各项特征的相对重要性因病种不同而异 ,不存在任何“金标准”。 WHO将 REAL分类原则延用于髓系肿瘤和组织细胞肿瘤 ,髓系肿瘤的分类包括联合应用细胞形态学和细胞遗传学异常能够界定的各个病种。围绕一系列临床问题召集的这次 CAC会议 ,就提交的大多数问题达成共识 ,这些问题及共识将详述于下。对于另外一些问题 ,CAC认为淋巴系肿瘤临床分组既无必要也不必需 ,患者的治疗取决于淋巴瘤的具体类型 ,如有? | N L Harris E S Jaffe J Diebold G Flandrin H K Muller-Hermelink J Vardiman T A Lister C D Bloomfield 张凤奎 郝玉书 | 2001 | 白血病.淋巴瘤2001，10，3： | 20 |
| 2 | Bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene controls tooth root development in coordination with formation of the periodontium显示文摘Formation of the periodontium begins following onset of tooth-root formation in a coordinated manner after birth. Dental follicle progenitor cells are thought to form the cementum, alveolar bone and Sharpey's fibers of the periodontal ligament (PDL). However, little is known about the regulatory morphogens that control differentiation and function of these progenitor cells, as well as the progenitor cells involved in crown and root formation. We investigated the role of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (Bmp2) in these processes by the conditional removal of the Bmp2 gene using the Sp7-Cre-EGFP mouse model. Sp7-Cre-EGFP first becomes active at E18 in the first molar, with robust Cre activity at postnatal day 0 (P0), followed by Cre activity in the second molar, which occurs after P0. There is robust Cre activity in the periodontium and third molars by 2 weeks of age. When the Bmp2 gene is removed from Sp7+ (Osterix+) cells, major defects are noted in root, cellular cementum and periodontium formation. First, there are major cell autonomous defects in root-odontoblast terminal differentiation. Second, there are major alterations in formation of the PDLs and cellular cementum, correlated with decreased nuclear factor IC (Nfic), periostin and α-SMA+ cells. Third, there is a failure to produce vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in the periodontium and the pulp leading to decreased formation of the microvascular and associated candidate stem cells in the Bmp2-cKOSp7-Cre-EGFP . Fourth, ameloblast function and enamel formation are indirectly altered in the Bmp2-cKOSp7-Cre-EGFP . These data demonstrate that the Bmp2 gene has complex roles in postnatal tooth development and periodontium formation. | Audrey Rakian Wu-Chen Yang Jelica Gluhak-Heinrich Yong Cui Marie A Harris Demitri Villarreal Jerry Q Feng Mary MacDougall Stephen E Harris | 2013 | International Journal of Oral Science2013，5，2： | 14 |
| 3 | 两万年来的中国多年冻土形成演化显示文摘利用大量的古多年冻土遗迹和古冰缘现象,并佐以古冰川、孢粉及动物化石等资料,重建了20ka以来中国多年冻土演化进程.结果表明,在末次冰期最盛期(LGM,或末次多年冻土最大期LPMax),中国多年冻土面积达到了5.3×10^6~5.4×10^6km^2(现今中国多年冻土面积的3倍多),而全新世大暖期(HMP,或末次多年冻土最小期LPMin),中国多年冻土面积曾缩减至0.80×10^6~0.85×10^6km^2(约为现今中国多年冻土面积的50%).按照古冻土遗迹的年代及分布等特征,在确定LGM和HMP两个主要时段的冻土格局基础上,将20ka以来中国多年冻土演化进程划分为7个阶段:晚更新世LGM(20000~10800aBP)多年冻土强烈扩展,达到LPMax;早全新世气候剧变期(10800至8500~7000aBP)多年冻土较稳定但相对缩减阶段;中全新世HMP(8500~7000至4000~3000aBP)多年冻土强烈退化阶段,多年冻土缩减到LPMin;晚全新世新冰期(4000~3000至1000aBP)冻土扩展阶段;晚全新世中世纪暖期(1000~500aBP)多年冻土相对退化阶段;晚全新世小冰期(LIA, 500~100aBP)冻土相对扩展阶段,以及近代升温期(近百年来)多年冻土持续退化阶段.本文重建了各时段内古气候、古地理环境以及多年冻土分布范围和其他特征. | 金会军 金晓颖 何瑞霞 罗栋梁 常晓丽 王绍令 Sergey S MARCHENKO 杨思忠 易朝路 李世杰 Stuart A HARRIS | 2019 | 中国科学:地球科学2019，49，8： | 11 |
| 4 | Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle显示文摘In a conventional flat plate solar cell under direct sunlight,light is received from the solar disk,but is re-emitted isotropically.This isotropic emission corresponds to a significant entropy increase in the solar cell,with a corresponding drop in efficiency.Here,using a detailed balance model,we show that limiting the emission angle of a high-quality GaAs solar cell is a feasible route to achieving power conversion efficiencies above 38%with a single junction.The highest efficiencies are predicted for a thin,light trapping cell with an ideal back reflector,though the scheme is robust to a non-ideal back reflector.Comparison with a conventional planar cell geometry illustrates that limiting emission angle in a light trapping geometry not only allows for much thinner cells,but also for significantly higher overall efficiencies with an excellent rear reflector.Finally,we present ray-tracing and detailed balance analysis of two angular coupler designs,show that significant efficiency improvements are possible with these couplers,and demonstrate initial fabrication of one coupler design. | Emily D Kosten Jackson H Atwater James Parsons Albert Polman Harry A Atwater | 2013 | Light(Science & Applications)2013，2，1： | 9 |
| 5 | Evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka显示文摘The formation and evolution of permafrost in China during the last 20 ka were reconstructed on the basis of large amount of paleo-permafrost remains and paleo-periglacial evidence, as well as paleo-glacial landforms, paleo-flora and paleofauna records. The results indicate that, during the local Last Glacial Maximum(LLGM) or local Last Permafrost Maximum(LLPMax), the extent of permafrost of China reached 5.3×106-5.4×106 km2, or thrice that of today, but permafrost shrank to only0.80×106-0.85×106 km2, or 50% that of present, during the local Holocene Megathermal Period(LHMP), or the local Last Permafrost Minimum(LLPMin). On the basis of the dating of periglacial remains and their distributive features, the extent of permafrost in China was delineated for the two periods of LLGM(LLPMax) and LHMP(LLPMin), and the evolution of permafrost in China was divided into seven periods as follows:(1) LLGM in Late Pleistocene(ca. 20000 to 13000-10800 a BP)with extensive evidence for the presence of intensive ice-wedge expansion for outlining its LLPMax extent;(2) A period of dramatically changing climate during the early Holocene(10800 to 8500-7000 a BP) when permafrost remained relatively stable but with a general trend of shrinking areal extent;(3) The LHMP in the Mid-Holocene(8500-7000 to 4000-3000 a BP)when permafrost degraded intensively and extensively, and shrank to the LLPMin;(4) Neoglaciation during the late Holocene(4000-3000 to 1000 a BP, when permafrost again expanded;(5) Medieval Warming Period(MWP) in the late Holocene(1000-500 a BP) when permafrost was in a relative decline;(6) Little Ice Age(LIA) in the late Holocene(500-100 a BP), when permafrost relatively expanded, and;(7) Recent warming(during the 20 th century), when permafrost continuously degraded and still is degrading. The paleo-climate, geography and paleopermafrost extents and other features were reconstructed for each of these seven periods. | Huijun JIN Xiaoying JIN Ruixia HE Dongliang LUO Xiaoli CHANG Shaoling WANG Sergey S MARCHENKO Sizhong YANG Chaolu YI Shijie LI Stuart A HARRIS | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，8： | 6 |
| 6 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 7 | Plecanatide-mediated activation of guanylate cyclase-C suppresses inflammation-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in Apc+/Min-FCCC mice显示文摘AIM To evaluate the effect of orally administered plecanatide on colorectal dysplasia in Apc^(+/Min-FCCC) mice with dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced inflammation. METHODS Inflammation driven colorectal carcinogenesis was induced in Apc^(+/Min-FCCC) mice by administering DSS in their drinking water. Mice were fed a diet supplemented with plecanatide(0-20 ppm) and its effect on the multiplicity of histopathologically confirmed polypoid,flat and indeterminate dysplasia was evaluated. Plecanatide-mediated activation of guanylate cyclase-C(GC-C) signaling was assessed in colon tissues by measuring cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cG MP) by ELISA, protein kinase G-II and vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein by immunoblotting. Ki-67, c-myc and cyclin D1 were used as markers of proliferation. Cellular levels and localization of b-catenin in colon tissues were assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Uroguanylin(UG) and GC-C transcript levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). A mouse cytokine array panel was used to detect cytokines in the supernatant of colon explant cultures. RESULTS Oral treatment of Apc^(+/Min-FCCC) mice with plecanatide produced a statistically significant reduction in the formation of inflammation-driven polypoid, flat and indeterminate dysplasias. This anti-carcinogenic activity of plecanatide was accompanied by activation of cG MP/GC-C signaling mediated inhibition of Wnt/b-catenin signaling and reduced proliferation. Plecanatide also decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-6, IL-1 TNF), chemokines(MIP-1, IP-10) and growth factors(GCSF and GMCSF) from colon explants derived from mice with acute DSS-induced inflammation. The effect of plecanatidemediated inhibition of inflammation/dysplasia on endogenous expression of UG and GC-C transcripts was measured in intestinal tissues. Although GC-C expression was not altered appreciably, a statistically significant increase in the level of UG transcripts was detected in the proximal small intestine and colon, potentially due to a reduction in intestinal inflammation and/or neoplasia. Taken together, these results suggest that reductions in endogenous UG, accompanied by dysregulation in GC-C signaling, may be an early event in inflammation-promoted colorectal neoplasia; an event that can potentially be ameliorated by prophylactic intervention with plecanatide.CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that orally administered plecanatide reduces the multiplicity of inflammation-driven colonic dysplasia in mice, demonstrating the utility for developing GC-C agonists as chemopreventive agents. | Wen-Chi L Chang Shet Masih Anusha Thadi Viren Patwa Apoorva Joshi Harry S Cooper Vaseem A Palejwala Margie L Clapper Kunwar Shailubhai | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2017，8，1： | 5 |
| 8 | Risk factors for Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma:Results from the FINBAR study显示文摘AIM:To investigate risk factors associated with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.METHODS:This all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 224 Barrett's oesophagus patients,227 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 controls.All participants underwent a structured interview with information obtained about potential lifestyle and environmental risk factors.RESULTS:Gastro-oesophageal reflux was associated with Barrett's [OR 12.0(95% CI 7.64-18.7)] and oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 3.48(95% CI 2.25-5.41)].Oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients were more likely than controls to be ex-or current smokers [OR 1.72(95% CI 1.06-2.81)and OR 4.84(95% CI 2.72-8.61)respectively] and to have a high body mass index [OR 2.69(95% CI 1.62-4.46)].No significant associations were observed between these risk factors and Barrett's oesophagus.Fruit but not vegetables were negatively associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 0.50(95% CI 0.30-0.86)].CONCLUSION:A high body mass index,a diet low in fruit and cigarette smoking may be involved in the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. | Lesley A Anderson RG Peter Watson Seamus J Murphy Brian T Johnston Harry Comber Jim Mc Guigan John V Reynolds Liam J Murray | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，10： | 5 |
| 9 | Challenges in managing hepatitis C virus infection in cancer patients显示文摘Cancer patients have unique problems associated with hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection and treatment not seen in the general population.HCV infection poses additional challenges and considerations for the management of cancer,and vice versa.HCV infection also can lead to the development of cancer,particularly hepatocellular carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.In severely immunocompromised cancer patients,diagnosis of HCV infection requires increased reliance on RNA detection techniques.HCV infection can affect chemotherapy,and delay of HCV infection treatment until completion of chemotherapy and achievement of cancer remission may be required to decrease the potential for drug-drug interactions between antineoplastic agents and HCV therapeutics and potentiation of side effects of these agents.In addition,hematopoietic stem cell transplant(HSCT)recipients have an increased risk of early development of cirrhosis and fibrosis.Whether this increased risk applies to all patients regardless of cancer treatment is unknown.Furthermore,patients with cancer may have poorer sustained virological responses to HCV infection treatment than do those without cancer.Unfortunately,not all cancer patients are candidates for HCV infection therapy.In this article,we review the challenges in managing HCV infection in cancer patients and HSCT recipients. | Roy A Borchardt Harrys A Torres | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，11： | 4 |
| 10 | Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention显示文摘 | Debasis Bagchi Manashi Bagchi Sidney J Stohs Dipak K Das Sidhartha D Ray Charles A Kuszynski Shantaram S Joshi Harry G Pruess | 2000 | Toxicology2000，，2： | 3 |
| 11 | 不同蛋白水平饲粮对4~8周龄麒麟母鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响显示文摘研究通过对4~8周龄麒麟鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的测定,确定鸡的适宜蛋白质水平。选取4周龄麒麟母鸡200只,按体重相近原则随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡,分别饲喂不同蛋白水平的饲粮(15%、17%、19%、21%、23%),试验期28 d。结果显示,饲粮中能量水平为12.40 MJ/kg时,随着蛋白水平的提高,4~8周龄麒麟母鸡的屠宰性能有所改善,19%和21%蛋白质水平麒麟鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率最高,胸肌滴水损失率最低,胸肌和腿肌蛋白质含量较高。以屠宰性能和肌肉品质作为评价指标,4~8周龄麒麟母鸡适宜的饲粮粗蛋白质水平为19%~21%。 | 高振华 梁诲弈 李维琴 吴浩浩 Harry A Aguzey 陈俊宏 程贵兰 王志敬 | 2019 | 饲料研究2019，42，8： | 3 |
| 12 | 固相萃取和气相色谱-质谱分析酚类化合物应用简报显示文摘固相萃取为分析水中痕量化合物提供了简便的分析方法 .高分子树脂如聚苯乙烯 二乙烯基苯比常用的十八烷基和类似的硅胶基体的固相萃取吸附剂好 ,特别是对极性较大的化合物 .最近 ,安捷伦科技扩展了所提供的固相萃取产品 ,包括了聚苯乙烯 二乙烯基苯固相萃取材料AccuBondⅡ ENV小柱 ,专门用于环境应用 .本文用以前介绍的保留时间锁定气相色谱 /质谱分析方法[1 ] ,使用这种聚苯乙烯 二乙烯基苯固相萃取材料对水中浓度为1 0 μg·l- 1 的选定酚类分析能达到的准确度和精密度进行了初步论证 .固相萃取过程快速 ,缩短干燥时间 ,且只需要两种回收率指示物 (Surrogates) .小柱经优化设计 ,提高了酚类化合物的回收率 ,而其它小柱的回收率通常很低且不重复 .苯酚的回收率超过 70 % ,其它酚类化合物的回收率超过 90 % .精密度大于 5 % ,以平均绝对偏差表示的准确度 (以百分数表示 )除了 2 环己基 2 4 二硝基酚之外 ,都大于 8% .样品萃取速率高 (2 0— 2 5ml·min- 1 ) ,萃取 1L样品不到 | Angelica A Reese Harry Prest | 2003 | 环境化学2003，22，2： | 3 |
| 13 | Resection of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in recurrent acute pancreatitis prevents recurrent pancreatitis but does not identify more malignancies显示文摘BACKGROUND Recurrent acute pancreatitis(RAP)may be a presenting feature of and an indication for resection of pancreatic cysts,including intra-ductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN).Few data are available regarding the prevalence of malignancy and post-operative RAP in this population.AIM To study the role of resection to help prevent RAP and analyze if presentation as RAP would be a predictor for malignancy.METHODS This retrospective study assessed 172 patients who underwent surgical resection of pancreatic cystic neoplasms at a university hospital between 2002 and 2016.The prevalence of preoperative high-risk cyst features,and of neoplasia was compared between patients with and without RAP.To identify the cause of pancreatitis,all the patients had a detailed history of alcohol,smoking,medications obtained,and had cross-sectional imaging(contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging)and endoscopic ultrasound to look for gallstone etiology and other structural causes for pancreatitis.The incidence of RAP post-resection was the primary outcome.RESULTS IPMN accounted for 101 cases(58.7%){[branch duct(BD)59(34.3%),main duct(MD)42](24.4%)}.Twenty-nine(16.9%)presented with RAP(mean 2.2 episodes):15 had BD-IPMN,8 MD-IPMN,5 mucinous cystic neoplasm and 1 serous cystic neoplasm.Malignancy was similar among those with vs without RAP for all patients[6/29(20.7%)vs 24/143(16.8%)]and IPMN patients[6/23(26.1%)vs 23/78(29.5%)],although tended to be higher with RAP in BD-IPMN,[5/15(33.3%)vs 3/44(6.8%),P=0.04].At mean follow-up of 7.2 years,1(3.4%)RAP patient had post-resection RAP.The mean episodes of acute pancreatitis before vs after surgery were 3.4 vs 0.02(P<0.0001).CONCLUSION Malignancy was not increased in patients with pancreatic cystic neoplasms who have RAP compared to those without RAP.In addition,specific cyst characteristics were not clearly associated with RAP.The incidence of RAP was markedly decreased in almost all patients following cyst resection. | Thiruvengadam Muniraj Harry R Aslanian Loren Laine Priya A Jamidar James F Farrell Kisha A Mitchell Ronald R Salem | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，15： | 3 |
| 14 | The influence of SiC reinforcement on pitting behavior of aluminum显示文摘 | Trowsdale A J Noble B Harris S J Gibbins I S R | 1996 | Corrosion Science1996，38，： | 2 |
| 15 | Management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Latin America: A Delphi technique-based consensus显示文摘AIM: To optimize diagnosis and treatment guidelines for this geographic region, a panel of gastroenterologists, epidemiologists, and basic scientists carried out a structured evaluation of available literature.METHODS: Relevant questions were distributed among the experts, who generated draft statements for consideration by the entire panel. A modified three-round Delphi technique method was used to reach consensus. Critical input was also obtained from representatives of the concerned medical community. The quality of the evidence and level of recommendation supporting each statement was graded according to United States Preventive Services Task Force criteria.RESULTS: A group of ten experts was established. The survey included 15 open-ended questions that were distributed among the experts, who assessed the articles associated with each question. The levels of agreement achieved by the panel were 50% in the first round, 73.3% in the second round and 100% in the third round. Main consensus recommendations included:(1) when available, urea breath and stool antigen test(HpSA) should be used for non-invasive diagnosis;(2) detect and eradicate Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) in all gastroscopy patients to decrease risk of peptic ulcer disease, prevent o retard progression in patients with preneoplastic lesions, and to prevent recurrence in patients treated for gastric cancer;(3) further investigate implementation issues and health outcomes of H. pylorieradication for primary prevention of gastric cancer in high-risk populations;(4) prescribe standard 14-d triple therapy or sequential therapy for first-line treatment;(5) routinely assess eradication success post-treatment in clinical settings; and(6) select second- and third-line therapies according to antibiotic susceptibility testing.CONCLUSION: These achievable steps toward better region-specific management can be expected to improve clinical health outcomes. | Antonio Rollan Juan Pablo Arab M Constanza Camargo Roberto Candia Paul Harris Catterina Ferreccio Charles S Rabkin Juan Cristóbal Gana Pablo Cortés Rolando Herrero Luisa Durán Apolinaria García Claudio Toledo Alberto Espino Nicole Lustig Alberto Sarfatis Catalina Figueroa Javier Torres Arnoldo Riquelme | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，31： | 2 |
| 16 | Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial显示文摘 | Harry LA Janssen Monika van Zonneveld Hakan Senturk Stefan Zeuzem Ulus S Akarca Yilmaz Cakaloglu Christopher Simon Thomas MK So Guido Gerken Robert A de Man Hubert GM Niesters Pieter Zondervan Bettina Hansen Solko W Schalm | 2005 | The Lancet . 2005 (9454)2005，，： | 2 |
| 17 | Piezochromism:Pressure-Induced Rearrangements of Thermochromic and Related Cu(II)Complexes Containing Asymmetrically Substituted Ethylenediamine显示文摘 | Kevin L Bray Harry G Drickamer Edward A Schmitt | 1989 | J Am Chem Soc1989，111，： | 2 |
| 18 | Steaming of red oak prior to kiln-drying:effects on moisture movement显示文摘 | Harris R A | 1989 | Forest Prod J1989，39，1112： | 2 |
| 19 | 腹腔镜、开腹和机器人手术切除直肠癌的肿瘤学和围手术期结果:一项多中心、倾向评分加权队列研究显示文摘目的:尽管进行了多个随机对照试验,但微创和传统开腹直肠癌手术的短期和长期结果仍不清楚。本研究的目的是比较腹腔镜、开腹和机器人直肠癌切除术的成功率和术后结果。方法:这是一项使用倾向评分加权的多中心、准实验队列研究。数据源于2016年'美国外科医生学院国家外科手术质量改善计划(NSQIP)'中所有年龄在18~89岁的接受开腹、腹腔镜或机器人直肠癌切除术的成年患者。主要结果是代表肿瘤切除术成功的复合指标,包括远端切缘阴性、环周切缘阴性、至少评估12枚淋巴结。次要结果是全身和手术部位的并发症,以及再入院、再手术、手术时间和住院时间。 | 孙凌宇 KETHMAN W C HARRIS A H S MORRIS A M | 2020 | 结直肠肛门外科2020，26，1： | 2 |
| 20 | 继发性腹膜炎:诊断和干预原则显示文摘继发性腹膜炎的患者占急诊入院患者总数的1%。在全球范围内,继发性腹膜炎是重症监护病房(ICU)发生脓毒症的第二大原因。继发性腹膜炎的总体病死率是6%,但是当患者发展成为严重脓毒症时,其病死率上升为35%O尽管影像学和实验室检查日益普及,但是对于急诊、外科和ICU医生来说,如何快速诊断和早期处理腹膜炎仍然是一个难题。本文将综述腹膜炎的病理生理学机制以及发展为脓毒症的过程,我们还讨论了物理检查、实验室检查和影像学检查在诊断继发性腹膜炎中的有效性和局限性,并且提出一个治疗继发性腹膜炎的思路。 | James T Ross Michael A Matthay Hobart W Harris 陈国榕(译) 吴东(校) | 2019 | 英国医学杂志中文版2019，22，7： | 2 |
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