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| 1 | Endoscopy and polyps-diagnostic and therapeutic advances in management显示文摘Despite multiple efforts aimed at early detection through screening, colon cancer remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, with an estimated 51000 deaths during 2013 alone. The goal remains to identify and remove benign neoplastic polyps prior to becoming invasive cancers. Polypoid lesions of the colon vary widely from hyperplastic, hamartomatous and inflammatory to neoplastic adenomatous growths. Although these lesions are all benign, they are common, with up to one-quarter of patients over 60 years old will develop pre-malignant adenomatous polyps. Colonoscopy is the most effective screening tool to detect polyps and colon cancer, although several studies have demonstrated missed polyp rates from 6%-29%, largely due to variations in polyp size. This number can be as high as 40%, even with advanced (> 1 cm) adenomas. Other factors including sub-optimal bowel preparation, experience of the endoscopist, and patient anatomical variations all affect the detection rate. Additional challenges in decision-making exist when dealing with more advanced, and typically larger, polyps that have traditionally required formal resection. In this brief review, we will explore the recent advances in polyp detection and therapeutic options. | Scott R Steele Eric K Johnson Bradley Champagne Brad Davis Sang Lee David Rivadeneira Howard Ross Dana A Hayden Justin A Maykel | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，27： | 16 |
| 2 | The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie River Basins,Canada显示文摘Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern latitudes.This is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental management.The Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in Canada.The network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing products.This paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling programme.An overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are described.Several of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is highlighted.Some future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper. | Chris M DEBEER Howard S WHEATER William L QUINTON Sean K CAREY Ronald E STEWART Murray D MACKAY Philip MARSH | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，1： | 5 |
| 3 | Association of types of diabetes and insulin dependency on birth outcomes显示文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes rates among pregnant women in the United States have been increasing and are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.AIM To investigate differences in birth outcomes(preterm birth,macrosomia,and neonatal death)by diabetes status.METHODS Cross-sectional design,using linked Missouri birth and death certificates(singleton births only),2010 to 2012(n=204057).Exposure was diabetes non-diabetic,pre-pregnancy diabetes-insulin dependent(PD-I),pre-pregnancy diabetes-non-insulin dependent(PD-NI),gestational diabetes-insulin dependent(GD-I),and gestational diabetes-non-insulin dependent(GD-NI).Outcomes included preterm birth,macrosomia,and infant mortality.Confounders included demographic characteristics,adequacy of prenatal care,body mass index,smoking,hypertension,and previous preterm birth.Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression assessed differences in outcomes by diabetes status.RESULTS Women with PD-I,PD-NI,and GD-I remained at a significantly increased odds for preterm birth(aOR 2.87,aOR 1.77,and aOR 1.73,respectively)and having a very large baby[macrosomia](aOR 3.01,aOR 2.12,and aOR 1.96,respectively);in reference to non-diabetic women.Women with GDNI were at a significantly increased risk for macrosomia(aOR1.53),decreased risk for their baby to die before their first birthday(aOR 0.41)and no difference in risk for preterm birth in reference to non-diabetic women.CONCLUSION Diabetes is associated with the poor birth outcomes.Clinical management of diabetes during pregnancy and healthy lifestyle behaviors before pregnancy can reduce the risk for diabetes and poor birth outcomes. | Pamela K Xaverius Steven W Howard Deborah Kiel Jerry E Thurman Ethan Wankum Catherine Carter Clairy Fang Romi Carriere | 2022 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2022，10，7： | 2 |
| 4 | B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules activate differentially the Th1/Th2 developmental pathways: Application to autoimmune disease therapy显示文摘 | Vijay K Kuchroo Mercy Prabhu Das Julia A Brown Ann M Ranger Scott S Zamvil Raymond A Sobel Howard L Weiner Nasrin Nabavi Laurie H Glimcher | 1995 | Cell1995，，5： | 2 |
| 5 | Exacerbation of Acanthamoeba keratitis in animals treated with anti-macrophage inflammatory protein 2 or antineutrophil antibodies显示文摘 | Hurt M Apte S Leher H Howard K Niederkorn J Alizadeh H | 2001 | Infect Immun2001，69，： | 1 |
| 6 | 显示文摘 | Harber P McCoy JM Howard K | 1991 | Chest1991，100，2： | 1 |
| 7 | A dopamine transporter gene functional variant associated with cocaine abuse in a Brazilian sample显示文摘 | Guindalini C Howard M Haddley K | 2006 | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2006，103，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Spectrum of disease in vascular cognitive impairment 显示文摘 | Rockwood K Howard K MacK C | 1999 | Neuroepide miology1999，18，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Identification of solar sources of major geomagnetic storms between 1996 and 2000显示文摘 | Zhang J Dere K P Howard R A | 2003 | Astrophysical Jouranal2003，582，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Dietary fructooligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide and gum arabic have variable effects on cecal and colonic microbiota and epithelial cell proliferation in mice and rats显示文摘 | Howard M D Gordon D T Garleb K A | 1995 | J Nutr1995，125，10： | 1 |
| 11 | The role of autoantigens in autoimmune disease显示文摘 | Baekkeskov J Lafferty K Howard M | 2000 | Curr Opin Immunol2000，12，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Spectrum ofdisease in vascular cognitive impairment显示文摘 | Rockwood K Howard K MacKnight C | 1999 | Neuroepidemio-logy1999，18，5： | 1 |
| 13 | 显示文摘 | Wierman K W Platt C L Howard J K | 2004 | J Magn Magn Mater2004，278，： | 1 |
| 14 | A functional neuroimaging description of two deep dyslexic patients显示文摘 | Price J Howard D Patterson K | 1998 | Cogn Neurosci1998，10，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Bone morphogenetic protein-9 Induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells,the role of prostate apoptosis response-4显示文摘 | Lin Y Howard K Wen G J | 2008 | Mol Cancer Res2008，6，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Validation and inter-comparison of three methodologies for interpolating daily precipitation and temperature across Canada显示文摘 | Newlands N K Davidson A Howard A | 2010 | Environmetrics2010，22，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Leptin prevents the fall in plasma osteocalcin during starvation in male mice显示文摘 | Goldstone A P Howard J K Lord G M | 2002 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2002，295，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Factors control- ling riffle scale hyporheic exchange flows and their seasonal changes in a gaining stream z a three dimensional groundwater flow rnodel显示文摘 | Storey R G Howard K W F Williams D D | 2003 | Water Resources Research2003，39，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Spectrum of disease in vascular cognitive impairment 显示文摘 | Rockwood K Howard K MacKnight C | 1999 | Neuroepidemiol1999，18，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Intercellular adhesion molecule - 1 mediates murine colon adenocarcinoma invasion显示文摘 | Howard K Lo KK Ao L | 2014 | J Surg Res2014，187，1： | 1 |
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