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| 1 | Treatment of meniscal tears: An evidence based approach显示文摘Treatment options for meniscal tears fall into three broad categories;non-operative,meniscectomy or meniscal repair.Selecting the most appropriate treatment for a given patient involves both patient factors(e.g.,age,co-morbidities and compliance)and tear characteristics(e.g.,location of tear/age/reducibility of tear).There is evidence suggesting that degenerative tears in older patients without mechanical symptoms can be effectively treated non-operatively with a structured physical therapy programme as a first line.Even if these patients later require meniscectomy they will still achieve similar functional outcomes than if they had initially been treated surgically.Partial meniscectomy is suitable for symptomatic tears not amenable to repair,and can still preserve meniscal function especially when the peripheral meniscal rim is intact.Meniscal repair shows 80%success at 2 years and is more suitable in younger patients with reducible tears that are peripheral(e.g.,nearer the capsular attachment)and horizontal or longitudinal in nature.However,careful patient selection and repair technique is required with good compliance to post-operative rehabilitation,which often consists of bracing and non-weight bearing for 4-6 wk. | Simon C Mordecai Nawfal Al-Hadithy Howard E Ware Chinmay M Gupte | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，3： | 18 |
| 2 | Current and future applications of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the brain in hepatic encepha-lopathy显示文摘肝的脑病(他) 普通 neuro 精神病学的畸形,它从肝细胞失败或 portosystemic 与肝疾病和结果复杂化病人的功课正在推延。表明他是广泛地可变的并且从温和无临床症状的骚乱包含一个系列到深昏迷。研究兴趣集中于传播导出勇气的毒素的角色,特别地氨,胀大的大脑的开发和在导致全球 CNS 消沉和混乱功能的服的 neurotransmitter 系统的变化。直到最近,服的功能的直接调查有在人是困难的。然而,当磁性的回声光谱学( 1H 太太)检测的质子在大脑生物化学变化时,新磁性的回声成像( MRI )技术在大脑体积( coregistered MRI )和损害大脑功能( fMRI )提供对变化的评价的一个非侵略的工具,包括服的 osmolytes 的直接测量,例如 myoinositol ,充斥管理对细胞的动态平衡内在的过程的使挫折和夫酸安,包括细胞内部的水的累积。这些细胞内部的 osmolytes 的集中与 hyperammonaemia 改变。有 neuropsychiatric 缺陷并且自从先生系列的严厉的检测太太的代谢物畸形相互关联向正常术后疗法回来,技术可能具有在客观耐心的监视并且在估计各种各样的治疗政体的有效性的使用。 | VP Bob Graver M Alex Dresner Daniel M Forton Serena Counsell David J Larkman Nayna Patel Howard C Thomas Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，19： | 8 |
| 3 | Induction of antibodies against GD3 ganglioside in melanoma patients by vaccination with GD3-1actone-KLH conjugate plus immunological adjuvant QS-21 显示文摘 | Ragupathi G Meyers M Adluri S Howard L Musselli C Livingston PO | 2000 | Int J Cancer2000，85，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Preferential induction of apoptosis for primary human leukemic stem cells显示文摘 | GUZMAN M L SWIDERSKI C F HOWARD D S | 2002 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2002，99，16： | 1 |
| 5 | A dopamine transporter gene functional variant associated with cocaine abuse in a Brazilian sample显示文摘 | Guindalini C Howard M Haddley K | 2006 | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2006，103，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Comparison of thermodilution measured extravascular lung water with chest radiographic assessment of pulmonary oedema in patients with acute lung injury显示文摘 | Brown L M Calfee C S Howard J P | 2013 | Ann Intensive Care2013，3，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Direct observation of behaviour of Au nanoclusters on TiO2(110) at elevated temperatures显示文摘 | MITCHELL C E J HOWARD A CARGEN M EGDLL R G | 2001 | Surface Science2001，490，： | 1 |
| 8 | Effect of cryoprotective diluent and method of freeze - thawing on survival and acrosomal of ram spermatozoa显示文摘 | Pontbriand D J G Howard M C Schiewe | 1989 | Cryobiology1989，26，： | 1 |
| 9 | Double-blind,randomized,controlled trial of atosiban and rito drine in the treatment of pretterm labor: a multicenter effectiveness and safety study显示文摘 | Moutquin J M herman D S Howard C | | Am J Obstet Gynecol0，182，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Prognostic signifi cance of visit-to-visit variability,maximum systolic blood pressure,and episodic hypertension显示文摘 | Peter M Rothwell Sally C Howard | 2010 | The Lancet2010，375，9718： | 1 |
| 11 | Comparative toxicology of monensin sodium in laboratory animals显示文摘 | Todd G C Novilla M N Howard L C | 1984 | J Anim Sci1984，59，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Dynamic response and wave propagation in plane masses and frames显示文摘 | PAO Y H KEH D C HOWARD S M | 1999 | AIAA J1999，37，： | 1 |
| 13 | Greenhouse gas foottprinting for small business-The use of input-output data 显示文摘 | Berners-Lee M Howard D C Moss J | 2011 | Science of the Total Environment2011，409，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of beta blockers and calcium-channel blockers on within-individual variability in blood pressure and risk of stroke显示文摘 | Rothwell Peter M Howard Sally C Dolan Eamon | 2010 | Lancet neurology2010，9，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Immunity bovine viral diarrhea virus calves:the role of different T-cell sub-populations analysed by specific depletion in vivo with monoclonal antibodies显示文摘 | Clarke M C Sopp P | 1992 | Vet Immunolpathol1992，32，： | 1 |
| 16 | Extrahepatic biliary atresia: a first-trimester event? Clues from light microscopy and immunohistochemistry显示文摘 | TAN C E DRIVER M HOWARD E R | 1994 | J Pediatr Surg1994，29，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Tannic acid induces transcription of laccase gene cglccl in the white-rot fungus coriolopsis gallica 显示文摘 | Jose M Carbajo Howard Junca Maria C Terr6n | 2002 | Canadian Journal of Microbiology2002，48，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Computer simulation of the impact performance of a wire rope safety fence显示文摘 | Bateman M B Howard I C Johnson A R | | 0，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Relationshipbetween blood pressure and stroke risk in patients with symp-tomatic carotid occlusive disease显示文摘 | Rothwell P M Howard S C Spence J D | 2003 | Stroke2003，34，11： | 1 |
| 20 | The complete DNA sequence of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus显示文摘 | AYRES M D HOWARD S C KUZIO J | 1994 | Virology1994，202，： | 1 |
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