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| 1 | 帕博利珠单抗单用或与放疗联用治疗转移性非小细胞肺癌:两个随机试验的汇总分析显示文摘背景放疗可以提高整个机体对免疫治疗的应答。在Ⅱ期PEMBRO-RT研究和Ⅰ/Ⅱ期MDACC研究中,患有转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的患者被随机分配入组,接受免疫治疗(帕博利珠单抗)+放疗联合疗法,或免疫治疗单一疗法。当上述2个研究单独分析时,联合疗法组显示出潜在获益。由于每个研究的样本量较小,缓解率和结局并未显示出统计学意义,然而却有显著的临床获益。因此,本研究进行汇总分析,来判断放疗是否会改善转移性NSCLC患者的免疫治疗应答。方法PEMBRO-RT和MDACC研究纳入标准:患者年龄≥18岁,患有转移性NSCLC,且有≥1处未经放疗照射的病灶,以便进行射野外应答监测。PEMBRO-RT研究纳入曾接受过化疗患者,MDACC研究纳入曾接受过治疗或新诊断患者。2个研究中的患者均未接受过免疫治疗。在PEMBRO-RT研究中患者被等比例随机分配入组,并根据吸烟状态进行分层(分为<10年组和≥10年组)。MDACC研究的患者根据放疗计划可行性被等比例随机分配入2个受试组。由于联合治疗组的干预本质,每个研究中的放疗均不适用盲法。在2个研究中,不论是否进行放疗,均静脉滴入帕博利珠单抗(每3周200 mg)。在PEMBRO-RT研究中,在放疗(24 Gy 3次分割照射)结束后1周给予第1剂帕博利珠单抗。在MDACC研究中,在第1次放疗(50 Gy 4次分割照射或45 Gy 15次分割照射)同时给予帕博利珠单抗。仅检测未经照射病灶的应答。本研究的终点为最佳射野外(远隔)应答率(ARR)、最佳射野外疾病控制率(ACR)、12周时ARR、12周时ACR、无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)。2个研究的意向治疗(ITT)人群均纳入分析。PEMBRO-RT研究(NCT02492568)和MDACC研究(NCT02444741)均在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册。发现纳入148例患者,76例接受帕博利珠单抗治疗,72例接受帕博利珠单抗+放疗治疗。所有患者随访时间中位数为33个月[四分位距(IQR):32.4~33.6]。148例患者中124例(84%)组织学特征为非鳞癌,111例(75%)患者曾经接受过化疗。组间没有基线特征差异,包括PD-L1表达状态和转移灶体积。最常见的照射部位为肺转移灶(39%,28/72)、胸腔内淋巴结(21%,15/72)和非原发灶(17%,12/72)。帕博利珠单抗组和联合治疗组的最佳ARR分别为19.7%(15/76)和41.7%(30/72),OR=2.96,95%CI:1.42~6.20,P=0.0039;最佳ACR分别为43.4%(33/76)和65.3%(47/72),OR=2.51,95%CI:1.28~4.91,P=0.0071;PFS中位数分别为4.4(IQR:2.9~5.9)和9.0个月(IQR:6.8~11.2),HR=0.67,95%CI:0.45~0.99,P=0.045;OS中位数分别为8.7(IQR:6.4~11.0)和19.2个月(IQR:14.6~23.8),OR=0.67,95%CI:0.54~0.84,P=0.0004。在汇总分析中没有发现新的安全问题。解读帕博利珠单抗免疫疗法+放疗显著提高转移性NSCLC患者的应答和改善治疗结局。这些结果需要在三期临床试验中进行验证。 | 陈大卫(翻译) 于金明(校对) Willemijn S M E Theelen Vivek Verma Brian P Hobbs Heike M U Peulen Joachim G J V Aerts Idris Bahce Anna Larissa N Niemeijer Joe Y Chang Patricia M de Groot Quynh-Nhu Nguyen Nathan I Comeaux George R Simon Ferdinandos Skoulidis Steven H Lin Kewen He Roshal Patel John Heymach Paul Baas James W Welsh | 2021 | 中华肿瘤防治杂志2021，28，24： | 49 |
| 2 | 华法林与阿司匹林在社区老年房颤人群中卒中预防作用的对比:随机对照BAFTA(Birmingham老年房颤治疗研究)试验显示文摘背景:抗凝药物降低房颤患者的卒中风险较抗血小板药物更为有效,但是在老年患者中此益处是否超过出血风险的增加尚不清楚。在老年患者中评价与阿司匹林相比华法林是否会降低大范围卒中、动脉栓塞或其他颅内出血的风险。方法:自初级医疗中心纳入973例年龄≥75岁的房颤患者,患者被随机分配接受华法林(目标INR为2~3)或阿司匹林(75mg/d)治疗。 | Mant J. Hobbs F.R. Fletcher K. 罗亮 | 2007 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(心脏病学分册)2007，，12： | 19 |
| 3 | 含矿流体混合反应与成矿作用的动力平衡模拟研究显示文摘本文在约定热液体系中成矿元素成矿速率(成矿过程中单位时间内单位体积所含成矿元素重量的变化)的基础上,借助于物质-热-化学-成矿四重全耦合的研究思路,构建了均匀热液体系、层状热液体系、岩浆侵入热液体系下成矿元素的迁移、富集、溶解与沉淀作用数值模型。模拟结果表明:(1)硫化物(H_2S)和硫酸盐(SO_(42-))流体的混合反应是成矿热液体系中铅、锌、铁成矿元素成矿的重要控制因素;(2)均匀介质、岩浆侵入或地质构造的存在,对成矿元素在成矿流体运移的速度、流线、温度分布和成矿元素的溶解与沉淀分布都有着各自的特征,不同的成矿环境或成矿背景制约了成矿元素的迁移与富集以及矿体的产出定位。暗示成矿环境及成矿速率对热液体系中成矿元素的沉淀与溶解具重要作用;成矿流体的混合反应是成矿作用发生的重要机制之一。在成矿理论研究中必须充分考虑不同地质构造因素的约束。 | 林舸 C B ZHAO 王岳军 B E HOBBS 龚纪文 | 2003 | 岩石学报2003，19，2： | 15 |
| 4 | 贯叶金丝桃的研究显示文摘贯叶金丝桃(Hypericum perforatum L.)作为民间草药用于治疗神经疾病、创伤、烧伤、尿路感染已有几个世纪。现代研究证实了其抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、镇静以及脑化学修饰等方面的活性。新近的研究发现,贯叶金丝桃的两种主要活性成分金丝桃素和假金丝桃素具有很强的抑制艾滋病毒作用,且毒性很低。有报道说动物用了这种植物,会产生光过敏反应,所以美国食品及药物管理局对贯叶金丝桃的所有植物制剂的安全性尚未认可。不过,对人的毒性作用至今还未见报道。 | Christopher Hobbs 马小军 鼓勇 | 1990 | 国外医药(植物药分册)1990，5，4： | 11 |
| 5 | 剖宫产对母乳喂养启动、持续时间和产后4个月喂养困难的影响显示文摘研究表明,母乳喂养可降低儿童期疾病发生率\成人血压和胆固醇水平以及肥胖发病率等,但是很多因素都会影响母乳喂养,其中剖宫产是最主要的影响因素之一。 | Hobbs AJ Mannion CA McDonald SW 姜珊 荫士安 杨振宇 | 2016 | 中华预防医学杂志2016，50，12： | 10 |
| 6 | Incorporating novelty and novel ecosystems into restoration planning and practice in the 21st century显示文摘Novelty pervades the biosphere.In some cases,potentially irreversible abiotic and/or biotic changes have led to the crossing of thresholds and thus the formation of“novel ecosystems.”Their widespread emergence(particularly on land)and the presence of continued environmental change challenge a traditional restoration goal of restoring an historical ecosystem.Instead,we argue that restoration could broaden its frame of reference to consider how novel ecosystems might be used to maintain global biodiversity and provide ecosystem services and,in doing so,save potentially wasted efforts in attempting to fulfil traditional goals.Here we explore this contention in more depth by addressing:Are novel ecosystems innovative planning or lowering the bar?We show that novel ecosystems were not innovative planning in their original conception.On the contrary,they were recognized as ecosystems that were recalcitrant to traditional restoration approaches,coupled with an awareness that they had arisen inadvertently through deliberate human activity,either on-or off-site.Their recalcitrance to traditional restoration suggests that alternative goals may exist for these ecosystems using sometimes innovative intervention.This management may include biodiversity conservation or restoration for ecological function.We elucidate the latter aspect with reference to an experiment in the wheatbelt of Western Australia—The Ridgefield Multiple Ecosystem Services Experiment—the design of which has been informed by ecological theory and the acceptance of novelty as an ecosystem component.Although novel ecosystems do provide opportunities to broaden restoration planning and practice,and ultimately maintain and conserve global biodiversity in this era of environmental change,they necessarily“lower the bar”in restoration if the bar is considered to be the historical ecosystem.However,in these times of flux,such a bar is increasingly untenable.Instead,careful and appropriate interventions are required at local,regional,and global scales.These interventions need to take history into account,use ecological and evolutionary theory to inform their design,and be mindful of valid concerns such as hubris.Careful interventions thus provide an opportunity for broadening restoration’s framework to focus on maintaining global biodiversity and delivering ecosystem services as well as the traditional goals of restoring historical ecosystems. | Michael P Perring Rachel J Standish Richard J Hobbs | 2013 | Ecological Processes2013，2，1： | 6 |
| 7 | A new alternative approach for investigating acidization dissolution front propagation in fluid-saturated carbonate rocks显示文摘The natural phenomenon associated with the chemical dissolution of dissolvable minerals of rocks can be employed to develop innovative technology in mining and oil extracting engineering.This paper presents a new alternative approach for theoretically dealing with chemical dissolution front(CDF) propagation in fluid-saturated carbonate rocks.Note that the CDF is represented by the porosity front in this study.In this new approach,the porosity,pore-fluid velocity and acid concentration are directly used as independent variables.To illustrate how to use the present new approach,an acidization dissolution system(ADS) consisting of carbonate rocks,which belongs to one of the many general chemical dissolution systems(CDSs),is taken as an application example.When the acid dissolution capacity(ADC) number(that is defined as the ratio of the volume of the carbonate rock dissolved by an acid to that of the acid) approaches zero,the present new approach can be used to obtain analytical solutions for the stable ADS.However,if the ADC number is a nonzero finite number,then numerical solutions can be only obtained for the ADS,especially when the ADS is in an unstable state.The related theoretical results have demonstrated that:(1) When the ADS is in a stable state and in the case of the ADC number approaching zero,the present new approach is mathematically equivalent to the previous approach,in which the porosity,pore-fluid pressure and acid concentration are used as independent variables.However,when the ADS is in an unstable state,the use of the present new approach leads to a free parameter that needs to be determined by some other ways.(2) The existence of a non-step-type dissolution front within a transient region should at least satisfy that none of the ADC number,injected acid velocity and reciprocal of the dissolution reaction rate is equal to zero in the stable ADS. | ZHAO ChongBin HOBBS Bruce ORD Alison | 2017 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2017，60，8： | 6 |
| 8 | Effective loading algorithm associated with explicit dynamic relaxation method for simulating static problems显示文摘Based on the fact that a static problem has an equivalent wave speed of infinity and a dynamic problem has a wave speed of finite value, an effective loading algorithm associated with the explicit dynamic relaxation method was presented to produce meaningful numerical solutions for static problems. The central part of the explicit dynamic relaxation method is to turn a time-independent static problem into an artificial time-dependent dynamic problem. The related numerical testing results demonstrate that: (1) the proposed effective loading algorithm is capable of enabling an applied load in a static problem to be propagated throughout the whole system within a given loading increment, so that the time-independent solution of the static problem can be obtained; (2) the proposed effective loading algorithm can be straightforwardly applied to the particle simulation method for solving a wide range of static problems. | 赵崇斌 彭省临 刘亮明 HOBBS B E ORD A | 2009 | Journal of Central South University2009，16，1： | 4 |
| 9 | Effects of porosity heterogeneity on chemical dissolution-front instability in fluid-saturated rocks显示文摘Homogeneity and heterogeneity are two totally different concepts in nature.At the particle length scale,rocks exhibit strong heterogeneity in their constituents and porosities.When the heterogeneity of porosity obeys the random uniform distribution,both the mean value and the variance of porosities in the heterogeneous porosity field can be used to reflect the overall heterogeneous characteristics of the porosity field.The main purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of porosity heterogeneity on chemical dissolution front instability in fluid-saturated rocks by the computational simulation method.The related computational simulation results have demonstrated that:1) since the propagation speed of a chemical dissolution front is inversely proportional to the difference between the final porosity and the mean value of porosities in the initial porosity field,an increase in the extent of the porosity heterogeneity can cause an increase in the mean value of porosities in the initial porosity field and an increase in the propagation speed of the chemical dissolution front.2) An increase in the variance of porosities in the initial porosity field can cause an increase in the instability probability of the chemical dissolution front in the fluid-saturated rock.3) The greater the mean value of porosities in the initial porosity field,the quicker the irregular morphology of the chemical dissolution front changes in the supercritical chemical dissolution systems.This means that the irregular morphology of a chemical dissolution front grows quicker in a porosity field of heterogeneity than it does in that of homogeneity when the chemical dissolution system is at a supercritical stage. | 赵崇斌 Peter SCHAUBS Bruce HOBBS | 2017 | Journal of Central South University2017，24，3： | 4 |
| 10 | 不同数值算法对模拟饱水孔隙岩石中化学溶解面非稳定性的影响(英文)显示文摘鉴于求得解析解的困难,需要采用数值方法和算法得到大量科学和工程问题的计算模拟结果。这对求解饱水孔隙岩石中化学溶解面非稳定性问题而言也不例外。由于这类非稳定性问题可具有常规解和非常规解,很有必要探讨不同数值算法对模拟饱水孔隙岩石中化学溶解面非稳定性的影响。因此,本文考虑了与常用有限元相关的2种不同数值算法。在第1种数值算法中,孔隙率、孔隙流体压力和酸液浓度被选为基本变量。在第2种数值算法中,孔隙率、孔隙流体流速和酸液浓度被选为基本变量。相关的计算模拟结果表明:(1)第1种数值算法可真实地模拟非稳定化学溶解面在化学溶解系统中传播时的演化过程;(2)第2种数值算法不能模拟非稳定化学溶解面在化学溶解系统中传播时的演化过程;(3)过度的数学微分运算是导致第2种数值算法失效的主要原因。 | 赵崇斌 Bruce HOBBS Alison ORD | 2018 | Journal of Central South University2018，25，8： | 3 |
| 11 | ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias显示文摘 | Alberico L. Catapano ?eljko Reiner Guy De Backer Ian Graham Marja-Riitta Taskinen Olov Wiklund Stefan Agewall Eduardo Alegria M. John Chapman Paul Durrington Serap Erdine Julian Halcox Richard Hobbs John Kjekshus Pasquale Perrone Filardi Gabriele Riccardi | 2011 | Atherosclerosis2011，，： | 3 |
| 12 | The first pulsar discovered by FAST显示文摘To assist with the commissioning [1] of the Five-hundredmeter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), we performed a pulsar search, with the primary goal of developing and testing the pulsar data acquisition and processing pipelines. We tested and used three pipelines, two (Pl and P2 hereafter) searched for the periodic signature of pulsars whereas the other one was used to search for bright single pulses (P3 hereafter). | Lei Qian ZhiChen Pan Di Li George Hobbs WeiWei Zhu Pei Wang ZhiJie Liu YouLing Yue Yan Zhu HongFei Liu DongJun Yu JingHai Sun Peng Jiang GaoFeng Pan Hui Li HengQian Gan Rui Yao XiaoYao Xie Fernando Camilo Andrew Cameron Lei Zhang Shen Wang FAST Collaboration | 2019 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2019，62，5： | 3 |
| 13 | Chronic overexpression of PNPLA3^sup I148M^ in mouse liver causes hepatic steatosis显示文摘 | Li John Zhong Huang Yongcheng Karaman Ruchan Ivanova Pavlina T Brown H Alex Roddy Thomas Castro-Perez Jose Cohen Jonathan C Hobbs Helen H | 2012 | EN2012，，11： | 3 |
| 14 | Tuning the translational freedom of DNA for high speed AFM显示文摘直接观察可以证明是调查在二分子的建筑群之间的相互作用的比较喜欢的方法。与高度的发展加速原子力量显微镜学(AFM ) ,直接与相关空间、时间的分辨率观察 DNA 蛋白质相互作用正在变得可能。这些相互作用具有到生物学, bionanotechnology,和功能的生物学上启发的材料的中央重要性。作为在所有显微镜学研究,样品准备在 AFM 观察和样品的最小的不安起一个中央作用被需要。这里,我们表明能力调节在 DNA 分子和表面之间的相互作用创造足够强壮的一个协会当也提供足够的翻译自由允许相关 protein-DNA 相互作用发生时,启用高分辨率的 AFM 成像。而且,我们为测量 DNA 活动性描述一个量的方法,当也决定贡献 DNA 运动的单个力量时。我们发现为一个弱表面协会,对运动的重要贡献从和 DNA 的 AFM 尖端的相互作用产生。在联合,这些方法启用调节表面由高度允许大量核蛋白相互作用的直接学习的分子加速的 DNA 的翻译自由原子力量显微镜学。 | Andrew J. Lee Michal Szymonik Jamie K. Hobbs Christoph Walti | 2015 | Nano Research2015，8，6： | 3 |
| 15 | A unified theory for sharp dissolution front propagation inchemical dissolution of fluid-saturated porous rocks显示文摘This paper presents a unified theory to deal with when, why and how a sharp acidization dissolution front(ADF), which is represented by the porosity distribution curve, can take place in an acidization dissolution system composed of fluid-saturated porous rocks. The theory contains the following main points:(1) A reaction rate of infinity alone can lead to a sharp ADF of the Stefan-type in the acidization dissolution system. This sharp front is unstable when permeability in the downstream region is smaller than that in the upstream region.(2) For a finite reaction rate, when the acid dissolution capacity number approaches zero,the ADF can have a sharp profile of the Stefan-type either on a much smaller time scale or on a much larger time scale than the dissolution time scale. In the former case, the ADF may become unstable on a much larger time scale than the transport time scale, while in the latter case, it may become unstable if the growth rate of a small perturbation is greater than zero.(3) On the dissolution time scale, even if both the reaction rate is finite and the acid dissolution capacity number approaches zero, the profile of an ADF may not be sharp because it is in a transient state. In this case, not only can an ADF change its profile with time, but also its morphology can grow if the growth rate of a small perturbation is greater than zero. Due to the involvement of both the change rate and the growth rate of the ADF profile, it is necessary to conduct a transient linear stability analysis for determining whether or not a time-dependent ADF is stable in the acidization dissolution system. | ZHAO ChongBin HOBBS Bruce ORD Alison | 2019 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2019，62，1： | 3 |
| 16 | 基于土壤质量的保护性农业技术及其政策取向显示文摘与保护性耕作不同,保护性农业是世界农业发展史上一次全新的思想革命。本文总结分析了保护性农业的概念及其特点,结合国内外土壤质量研究的发展,阐述了保护性农业与土壤质量研究新进展,并提出我国保护性农业的发展方向。 | 张金鑫 穆兴民 王飞 Peter .Hobbs 刘玉兰 | 2009 | 水土保持研究2009，16，1： | 2 |
| 17 | The role of FAST in pulsar timing arrays显示文摘The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST) will become one of the world-leading telescopes for pulsar timing array(PTA) research. The primary goals for PTAs are to detect(and subsequently study) ultra-low-frequency gravitational waves, to develop a pulsar-based time standard and to improve solar system planetary ephemerides. FAST will have the sensitivity to observe known pulsars with significantly improved signal-to-noise ratios and will discover a large number of currently unknown pulsars. We describe how FAST will contribute to PTA research and show that jitter-and timing-noise will be the limiting noise processes for FAST data sets. Jitter noise will limit the timing precision achievable over data spans of a few years while timing noise will limit the precision achievable over many years. | George Hobbs Shi Dai Richard N.Manchester Ryan M.Shannon Matthew Kerr Ke-Jia Lee Ren-Xin Xu | 2019 | Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics2019，19，2： | 2 |
| 18 | Smoking Cessation Strategies in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: An Evidence-based Approach显示文摘 | S.D Hobbs A.W Bradbury | 2003 | European Journal of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery2003，，： | 2 |
| 19 | Laplace plane and low inclination geosynchronous radar mission design显示文摘This study is inspired by the Laplace orbit plane property of requiring minimal station-keeping and therefore its potential use for long-term geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar(GEOSAR) imaging. A set of GEOSAR user requirements is presented and analysed to identify significant mission requirements. Imaging geometry and power demand are assessed as a function of relative satellite speed(which is determined largely by choice of orbit inclination). Estimates of the cost of station-keeping as a function of orbit inclination and right ascension are presented to compare the benefits of different orbit choices. The conclusion is that the Laplace plane(and more generally, orbits with inclinations up to 15°) are attractive choices for GEOSAR. | Stephen HOBBS Joan Pau SANCHEZ | 2017 | Science China(Information Sciences)2017，60，6： | 2 |
| 20 | Transient-state instability analysis of dissolution-timescale reactive infiltration in fluid-saturated porous rocks: Purely mathematical approach显示文摘This paper deals with how the purely mathematical approach can be used to solve transient-state instability problems of dissolution-timescale reactive infiltration(DTRI) in fluid-saturated porous rocks. Three key steps involved in such an approach are:(1) to mathematically derive an analytical solution(known as the base solution or conventional solution) for a quasi-steady state problem of the dissolution timescale, which is viewed as a frozen state of the original transient-state instability problem;(2)to mathematically deduce a group of first-order perturbation partial-differential equations(PDEs) for the quasi-steady state problem;(3) to mathematically derive an analytical solution(known as the perturbation solution or unconventional solution) for this group of first-order perturbation PDEs. Because of difficulty in mathematically solving a transient-state instability problem of DTRI in general cases, only a special case, in which some nonlinear coupling between governing PDEs of the problem can be decoupled, is considered to illustrate these three key steps in this study. The related theoretical results demonstrated that the transient chemical dissolution front can become unstable in the DTRI system of large Zh numbers when the long wavelength perturbations are applied to the system. This new finding may lay the theoretical foundation for developing innovative technique to exploit shale gas resources in the deep Earth. | ZHAO ChongBin HOBBS Bruce ORD Alison | 2020 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2020，63，2： | 2 |
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