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| 1 | Ecohydrological advances and applications in plant–water relations research:a review显示文摘Aims The field of ecohydrology is providing new theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches for understanding the complex interactions and feedbacks between vegetation and hydrologic flows at multiple scales.Here we review some of the major scientific and technological advances in ecohydrology as related to understanding the mechanisms by which plant–water relations influence water fluxes at ecosystem,watershed and landscape scales.Important Findings We identify several cross-cutting themes related to the role of plant–water relations in the ecohydrological literature,including the contrasting dynamics of water-limited and water-abundant ecosystems,transferring information about water fluxes across scales,understanding spatiotemporal heterogeneity and complexity,ecohydrological triggers associated with threshold behavior and shifts between alternative stable states and the need for long-term data sets at multiple scales.We then show how these themes are embedded within three key research areas where improved understanding of the linkages between plant–water relations and the hydrologic cycle have led to important advances in the field of ecohydrology:upscaling water fluxes from the leaf to the watershed and landscape,effects of plant–soil interactions on soil moisture dynamics and controls exerted by plant water use patterns and mechanisms on streamflow regime.In particular,we highlight several pressing environmental challenges facing society today where ecohydrology can contribute to the scientific knowledge for developing sound management and policy solutions.We conclude by identifying key challenges and opportunities for advancing contributions of plant–water relations research to ecohydrology in the future. | Heidi Asbjornsen Gregory R.Goldsmith Maria S.Alvarado-Barrientos Karin Rebel Floortje P.Van Osch Max Rietkerk Jiquan Chen Sybil Gotsch Conrado Tobon Daniel R.Geissert Alberto Gomez-Tagle Kellie Vache Todd E.Dawson | 2011 | Journal of Plant Ecology2011，4，1： | 15 |
| 2 | Hepatitis C virus:Is it time to say goodbye yet? Perspectives and challenges for the next decade显示文摘The majority of individuals exposed to hepatitis C virus(HCV) establish a persistent infection,which is a leading cause of chronic liver disease,cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Major progress has been made during the past twenty-five years in understanding the HCV life cycle and immune responses against HCV infection.Increasing evidence indicates that host genetic factors can significantly influence the outcome of HCV infection and the response to interferon alpha-based antiviral therapy.The arrival of highly effective and convenient treatment regimens for patients chronically infected with HCV has improved prospects for the eradication of HCV worldwide.Clinical trials are evaluating the best anti-viral drug combination,treatment doses and duration.The new treatments are better-tolerated and have shown success rates of more than 95%.However,the recent breakthrough in HCV treatment raises new questions and challenges,including the identification of HCVinfected patients and to link them to appropriate health care,the high pricing of HCV drugs,the emergence of drug resistance or naturally occurring polymorphism in HCV sequences which can compromise HCV treatment response.Finally,we still do not have a vaccine against HCV.In this concise review,we will highlight the progress made in understanding HCV infection and therapy.We will focus on the most significant unsolved problems and the key future challenges in the management of HCV infection. | Heidi Barth | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，5： | 12 |
| 3 | Applied and Environmental Chemistry of Animal Manure:A Review显示文摘Animal manure consists of predominantly urine and feces,but also may contain bedding materials,dropped feed,scurf,and other farming wastes.Manure is typically applied to soils as fertilizer for agricultural production.The estimated amount of manure produced in 12 major livestock-producing countries is 9 × 109 Mg of manure annually.Manure is rich in plant nutrients.However,manure is also considered as an environmental pollutant when it is over-applied to cropland or following runoff into surface water.Manure can also in?uence global climate change via emissions of methane(CH4) and nitrous oxide(N2O).Thus,increased and updated knowledge of applied and environmental chemistry of animal manure is needed to shed light on the research and development of animal manure utilization and minimization of its adverse environmental concerns.The advances in basic and applied studies of manure major components,organic matter,phosphorus,and nitrogen,primarily related to US livestock production are summarized in this review.Detailed focus was placed on three notable challenges for future manure research:1) soil application of animal manure,2)manure phytate phosphorus,and 3) manure nitrogen availability.This review may contribute to the global effort in sustainable and environmentally sound agriculture by stimulating new ideas and directions in animal manure research,and promoting application of knowledge and insight derived from manure research into improved manure management strategies. | Zhongqi HE Paulo H.PAGLIARI Heidi M.WALDRIP | 2016 | Pedosphere2016，26，6： | 10 |
| 4 | LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (LEGUE)——The survey's science plan显示文摘We describe the current plans for a spectroscopic survey of millions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy using the Guo Shou Jing Telescope (GSJT, formerly called the Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope - LAMOST). The survey will obtain spectra for 2.5 million stars brighter than r < 19 during dark/grey time, and 5 million stars brighter than r < 17 or J < 16 on nights that are moonlit or have low transparency. The survey will begin in the fall of 2012, and will run for at least four years. The telescope's design constrains the optimal declination range for observations to 10 < δ < 50 , and site conditions lead to an emphasis on stars in the direction of the Galactic anticenter. The survey is divided into three parts with different target selection strategies: disk, anticenter, and spheroid. The resulting dataset will be used to study the merger history of the Milky Way, the substructure and evolution of the disks, the nature of the first generation of stars through identification of the lowest metallicity stars, and star formation through study of open clusters and OB associations. Detailed design of the LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (LEGUE) survey will be completed in summer 2012, after a review of the results of the pilot survey. | Li-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Chao Liu Jeffrey L. Carlin Timothy C. Beers Li Chen Hsu-Tai Lee Carl J. Grillmair Puragra Guhathakurta] Zhan-Wen Han Jin-Liang Hou Sebastien Lepine Jing Li Xiao-Wei Liu Kai-Ke Pan J. A. Sellwood Bo Wang Hong-Chi Wang Fan Yang Brian Yanny Hao-Tong Zhang Yue-Yang Zhang Zheng Zheng Zi Zhu | 2012 | Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics2012，12，7： | 10 |
| 5 | 思维风格对中美大学生课堂学习行为的影响研究显示文摘对长期以来具有争议的中美学生存在课堂学习行为差异的现象,研究者推测中美学生由于具有思维风格的差异,造成他们对课堂内容的处理方式的区别,从而影响他们不同的课堂行为反应。研究对来自于中国学生、中国留美学生和美国学生三组样本的数据进行分析。结果表明在控制了文化组别和学习动机因素后,思维风格仍能显著预测课堂学习行为,并能部分地解释中美学生之间存在的课堂学习行为差异。 | 程宏宇 Heidi Ardrade | 2011 | 心理科学2011，34，3： | 9 |
| 6 | 新鲜颞骨模型建立在中耳传声机制研究中的作用显示文摘目的探讨中耳传声机制研究中的中耳模型建立,为深入研究中耳传声机制,指导耳外科手术,尤其在听骨链重建方面建立一个接近活体情况的研究模型。方法采用17例新鲜尸体颞骨标本,利用激光多普勒振动仪,在声刺激和不同强度的机械刺激下,研究了鼓膜和镫骨底板的运动。结果鼓膜和镫骨底板的运动与活体测量的数据接近。结论新鲜颞骨标本可以用于不同方面中耳传声机制的研究。在鼓膜脐部的电机械刺激可以模仿声刺激。 | 马芙蓉 Thomas Linder Alex Huber Heidi Felix Anita Pollak | 2005 | 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2005，12，6： | 9 |
| 7 | LncRNAs-directed PTEN enzymatic switch governs epithelial–mesenchymal transition显示文摘Despite the structural conservation of PTEN with dual-specificity phosphatases,there have been no reports regarding the regulatory mechanisms that underlie this potential dual-phosphatase activity.Here,we report that K27-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN at lysines 66 and 80 switches its phosphoinositide/protein tyrosine phosphatase activity to protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity.Mechanistically,high glucose,TGF-β,CTGF,SHH,and IL-6 induce the expression of a long non-coding RNA,GAEA(Glucose Aroused for EMT Activation),which associates with an RNA-binding E3 ligase,MEX3C,and enhances its enzymatic activity,leading to the K27-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN.The MEX3C-catalyzed PTEN^K27-polyUb activates its protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity and inhibits its phosphatidylinositol/protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.With this altered enzymatic activity,PTEN^K27-polyUb dephosphorylates the phosphoserine/threonine residues of TWIST1,SNAI1,and YAP1,leading to accumulation of these master regulators of EMT.Animals with genetic inhibition of PTEN^K27-polyUb,by a single nucleotide mutation generated using CRISPR/Cas9(Pten^K80R/K80R),exhibit inhibition of EMT markers during mammary gland morphogenesis in pregnancy/lactation and during cutaneous wound healing processes.Our findings illustrate an unexpected paradigm in which the lncRNA-dependent switch in PTEN protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity is important for physiological homeostasis and disease development. | Qingsong Hu Chunlai Li Shouyu Wang Yajuan Li Bo Wen Yanyan Zhang Ke Liang Jun Yao Youqiong Ye Heidi Hsiao Tina K.Nguyen Peter K.Park Sergey D.Egranov David H.Hawke Jeffrey R.Marks Leng Han Mien-Chie Hung Bing Zhang Chunru Lin Liuqing Yang | 2019 | Cell Research2019，29，4： | 8 |
| 8 | Laparoscopic Colectomy for Cancer Is Not Inferior to Open Surgery Based on 5-Year Data From the COST Study Group Trial显示文摘 | James Fleshman Daniel J. Sargent Erin Green Mehran Anvari Steven J. Stryker Robert W. Beart Michael Hellinger Richard Flanagan Walter Peters Heidi Nelson | 2007 | Annals of Surgery2007，，4： | 7 |
| 9 | Pyrimidine Metabolism: Dynamic and Versatile Pathways in Pathogens and Cellular Development显示文摘The importance of pyrimidines lies in the fact that they are structural components of a broad spectrum of key molecules that participate in diverse cellular functions, such as synthesis of DNA, RNA, lipids, and carbohydrates. Pyrimidine metabolism encompasses all enzymes involved in the synthesis, degradation, salvage, interconversion and transport of these molecules. In this review, we summarize recent publications that document how pyrimidine metabolism changes under a variety of conditions, including, when possible, those studies based on techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. First, we briefly look at the dynamics of pyrimidine metabolism during nonpathogenic cellular events. We then focus on changes that pathogen infections cause in the pyrimidine metabolism of their host. Next, we discuss the effects of antimetabolites and inhibitors, and finally we consider the consequences of genetic manipulations, such as knock-downs, knock-outs, and knock-ins, of pyrimidine enzymes on pyrimidine metabolism in the cell. | Manuel F.Garavito Heidy Y.Narváez-Ortiz Barbara H.Zimmermann | 2015 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2015，42，5： | 7 |
| 10 | 癌症患者静脉血栓事件的首项治疗指南显示文摘 | Heidi Belden 菅鑫妍 | 2006 | 中国处方药2006，5，6： | 6 |
| 11 | Ecohydrological processes and ecosystem services in the Anthropocene: a review显示文摘The framework for ecosystem services has been increasingly used in integrated watershed ecosystem management practices that involve scientists,engineers,managers,and policy makers.The objective of this review is to explore the intimate connections between ecohydrological processes and water-related ecosystem services in human-dominated ecosystems in the Anthropocene.We synthesize current literature to illustrate the importance of understanding the ecohydrological processes for accurately quantifying ecosystem services under different environmental and socioeconomic settings and scales.Our synthesis focuses on managed ecosystems that are dominated by humans and explores how ecological processes affect the tradeoffs and synergies of multiple ecosystem services.We identify research gaps in studying ecological processes mainly including energy,carbon,water,and nutrient balances to better assess and quantify ecosystem services that are critical for sustaining natural resources for future generations.To better assess ecosystem services,future ecohydrological studies need to better account for the scaling effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors exerted on evapotranspiration and other water supply and demand processes.Future studies should focus on the bidirectional interactions between hydrological functions and services and human actions to solve real world problems such as water shortages,ecological degradation,and climate change adaptation. | Ge Sun Dennis Hallema Heidi Asbjornsen | 2017 | Ecological Processes2017，6，1： | 5 |
| 12 | Six-year outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration with ranibizumab显示文摘● AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of ≥6y ranibizumab therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration(AMD).● METHODS: HELIX was a retrospective, observational effeciveness study using medical records of patients treated in three clinics in Belgium. Patients had neovascular AMD and were initially treated with intravitreal ranibizumab(0.5 mg) between November 1, 2007 and October 31, 2008, had ≥6y of data available, and were treated on an ongoing, as-needed basis. Outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and central retinal thickness(CRT).● RESULTS: The sample consisted of 88 eyes from 69 patients. Mean age was 76.4±6.5y, most patients were female(62.3%). Most eyes(62.5%) were treatment-naive, 33 previously treated eyes had received predominantly other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and verteporfin. Mean baseline BCVA was 57.4±12.7 ETDRS letters and CRT was 292±86 μm. On average, patients received 20.6±11.9 ranibizumab injections over the ≥6y. Intervals between injections were on average 12.7±16.1wk. Mean change in BCVA from baseline to last observation for the sample was less than one letter(-0.9±17.3 letters), with an average loss of-3.2±15.6 letters in previously treated eyes versus a gain of 0.6±18.4 letters in treatment-na?ve eyes. When considering a loss of <15 letters over 6y as stabilization of disease, 75.9% of all eyes showed a positive(improvement or stabilization) outcome. Mean change in CRT from baseline to last observation for the sample was-26.9±148.4 μm with the greatest reduction observed in treatment-naive eyes.● CONCLUSION: This retrospective study of 69 neovascular AMD patients treated for ≥6y with ranibizumab demonstrates long-term visual stabilization. In light of the natural evolution of the disease, these data confirm that ranibizumab is effective long-term under real-world conditions of heterogeneity of patients, clinicians, and centers. | Julie Jacob Heidi Brié Anita Leys Laurent Levecq Filip Mevgaerts Kris Denhaerynck Stefaan Vancayzeele Eline Van Craeyveld Ivo Abraham Karen MacDonald | 2017 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2017，10，1： | 5 |
| 13 | Symptom management during and after treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer:A review of the literature and areas for future research显示文摘Patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer are at risk for poor outcomes due to the multi-modal nature of treatment and the potential for treatmentrelated toxicity.Although treatment with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy has drastically reduced the need for a debilitating and disfiguring surgery,treatment related toxicities are often difficult to control.Acute toxicities include mucositis,skin desquamation,depression,cachexia,fatigue and nausea and vomiting.Failure to control these symptoms can adversely affect the patient's ability to complete their treatment regimen.Although there are many promising new treatments in the area of symptom management for this patient population,a review of the literature reflects the need for more research. | Heidi Mason Mary Beth De Rubeis Nancy Burke Melissa Shannon Danielle Karsies Gregory Wolf Avi Eisbruch Francis Worden | 2016 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2016，7，2： | 5 |
| 14 | Stool therapy may become a preferred treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile?显示文摘Fecal enemas were first reported to successfully treat life threatening enterocolitis in 1958, but fecal therapy to treat Clostridium difficile (C. difficile ) infection has remained esoteric and not well investigated until recently. In the past few years, systematic reviews of case series and case reports of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent C. difficile infection have become available and validate use of fecal transplant for C. difficile enterocolitis. Methods of fecal transplant reported in the literature include: nasogastric tube, gastroscope, duodenal tube, colonoscopy, rectal tube, and fecal enemas administered at home; no method has been shown to be superior. A recent randomized study published in New England Journal of Medicine found fecal transplant to be superior to oral vancomycin alone in treatment of recurrent C. difficile enterocolitis. The significance of this trial cannot be underestimated as it lends credibility to the idea of intentionally using microbes to combat disease, providing an alternative to the older paradigm of disease eradication through use of antimicrobials. | Dinesh Vyas Heidi E L'Esperance Arpita Vyas | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，29： | 4 |
| 15 | Caveolin and caveolae in age associated cardiovascular disease显示文摘It is estimated that the elderly (> 65 years of age) will increase from 13%��14% to 25% by 2035. If this trend continues, > 50% of the United States population and more than two billion people worldwide will be “aged”in the next 50 years. Aged individuals face formidable challenges to their health, as aging is associated with a myriad of diseases. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity andmortality in the United States with > 50% of mortality attributed to coronary artery disease and > 80%of these deaths occurring in those age 65 and older. Therefore, age is an important predictor of cardiovascular disease. The efficiency of youth is built upon cellular signaling scaffolds that provide tight and coordinated signaling. Lipid rafts are one such scaffold of which caveolae are a subset. In this review, we consider the importance of caveolae in common cardiovascular diseases of the aged and as potential therapeutic targets. We specifically address the role of caveolin in heart failure,myocardial ischemia, and pulmonary hypertension. | Heidi N. Fridolfsson Hemal H. Patel | 2013 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2013，10，1： | 4 |
| 16 | 大堡礁和大峡谷世界遗产区的适应性管理显示文摘关于人类和环境相互关系的传统观念正在迅速改变。那种认为人类与自然是相互隔离的,自然资源是取之不尽用之不竭的,而且认为世界是稳定的、可以预测的并且是平衡的旧观点已经过时了。在动态的社会-生态景观中强调学习和灵活性管理为基础的适应性方法的新的理念框架已经迅速初现端倪。我们以两个典型的世界遗产地区(大堡礁和大峡谷)为案例来研究如何在自然资源管理中通过改善科学和社会两个方面的结合来指导多尺度管理系统的变革从而应对和处理人类越来越占据主导的世界中出现的不确定性、风险和变化。 | Terence P.Hughes Lance H.Gunderson Carl Folke Andrew H.Baird David Bellwood Fikret Berkes Beatrice Crona Ariella Helfgott Heather Leslie Jon Norberg Magnus Nystrm Per Olsson Henrik sterblom Marten Scheffer Heidi Schuttenberg Robert S.Steneck Maria Teng Max Troell Brian Walker James Wilson Boris Worm 丁莉 | 2007 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2007，36，B11： | 4 |
| 17 | 镫骨赝附体与砧骨长脚之间连接状态对声音传导的影响显示文摘目的探讨镫骨赝附体与砧骨长脚间连接程度对声音传导的影响,为镫骨手术寻找理论依据和更好的指导临床工作。方法17例新鲜尸体颞骨标本,在不同强度的机械刺激下,采用激光多普勒振动仪研究镫骨赝附体与砧骨长脚间不同的连接程度对声音传导的影响。结果将镫骨赝附体与砧骨长脚的连接程度,由三位医师分别对内镜和扫描电镜在颞骨标本中采集的镫骨赝附体与砧骨长脚之间连接的图像进行评分,分为紧密连接、松弛连接和未连接,三位医师的评分结果基本一致。分别对上述三种连接程度,在500mV、800mV和1200mV的机械刺激下,用激光多普勒振动仪测试砧骨长脚侧与镫骨赝附体间的振动差距,经过专门的计算机软件处理,换算为声刺激模式,发现紧密连接时,声音的传导在此连接上损失2dB,小于砧镫关节生理性的声损失3dB,松弛连接和未连接对声音的传导在此连接上的损失很大,高达28dB不等,平均为10dB。结论镫骨手术时镫骨赝附体与砧骨长脚连接紧密,声传导损失接近砧镫关节的生理性声传导损失。 | 马芙蓉 Alex Huber Thomas Linder Heidi Felix Anita Pollak | 2006 | 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2006，13，4： | 4 |
| 18 | Occult hepatitis B virus infection among Egyptian blood donors显示文摘AIM:To identify blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection(OBI) to promote safe blood donation.METHODS:Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 3167 blood donors negative for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),hepatitis C antibody(HCV Ab) and human immunodeficiency virus Ab.They were subjected to the detection of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate transaminase(AST) and screening for anti-HBV core antibodies(total) by two different techniques;[Monoliza antibodies to hepatitis B core(Anti-HBc) Plus-Bio-Rad] and(ARC-HBc total-ABBOT).Positive samples were subjected to quantitative detection of antibodies to hepatitis B surface(anti-HBs)(ETI-AB-AUK-3,Dia Sorin-Italy).Serum anti-HBs titers > 10 IU/L was considered positive.Quantitative HBV DNA by real time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)(QIAGEN-Germany) with 3.8 IU/mL detection limit was estimated for blood units with negative serum anti-HBs and also for 32 whose anti-HBs serum titers were > 1000 IU/L.Also,265 recipients were included,34 of whom were followed up for 3-6 mo.Recipients were investigated for ALT and AST,HBV serological markers:HBsAg(ETI-MAK-4,Dia Sorin-Italy),anti-HBc,quantitative detection of anti-HBs and HBV-DNA.RESULTS:525/3167(16.6%) of blood units were positive for total anti-HBc,64% of those were antiHBs positive.Confirmation by ARCHITECT anti-HBc assay were carried out for 498/525 anti-HBc positive samples,where 451(90.6%) confirmed positive.Reactivity for anti-HBc was considered confirmed only if two positive results were obtained for each sample,giving an overall prevalence of 451/3167(14.2%) for total anti-HBc.HBV DNA was quantified by real time PCR in 52/303(17.2%) of anti-HBc positive blood donors(viral load range:5 to 3.5 x 105 IU/mL) with a median of 200 IU/mL(mean:1.8 x 104 ± 5.1 x 104 IU/mL).AntiHBc was the only marker in 68.6% of donors.Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis for identifying risk factors associated with anti-HBc and HBV-DNA positivity among blood donors showed that age above thirty and marriage were the most significant risk factors for prediction of anti-HBc positivity with AOR 1.8(1.4-2.4) and 1.4(1.0-1.9) respectively.Other risk factors as gender,history of blood transfusion,diabetes mellitus,frequent injections,tattooing,previous surgery,hospitalization,Bilharziasis or positive family history of HBV or HCV infections were not found to be associated with positive anti-HBc antibodies.Among anti-HBc positive blood donors,age below thirty was the most significant risk factor for prediction of HBV-DNA positivity with AOR 3.8(1.8-7.9).According to HBV-DNA concentration,positive samples were divided in two groups;group one with HBV-DNA ≥ 200 IU/mL(n = 27) and group two with HBV-DNA < 200 IU/mL(n = 26).No significant difference was detected between both groups as regards mean age,gender,liver enzymes or HBV markers.Serological profiles of all followed up blood recipients showed that,all were negative for the studied HBV markers.Also,HBV DNA was not detected among studied recipients,none developed post-transfusion hepatitis(PTH) and the clinical outcome was good.CONCLUSION:OBI is prevalent among blood donors.Nucleic acid amplification/HBV anti core screening should be considered for high risk recipients to eliminate risk of unsafe blood donation. | Zeinab N Said Manal H El Sayed Iman I Salama Enas K Aboel-Magd Magda H Mahmoud Maged El Setouhy Faten Mouftah Manal B Azzab Heidi Goubran Amal Bassili Gamal E Esmat | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，2： | 4 |
| 19 | Multiple haploids, triploids, and tetraploids found in modern-day “living fossil” Ginkgo biloba显示文摘Ginkgo biloba,the last extant representative of a lineage of Mesozoic gymnosperms,is one of the few seed plants with an exceptionally long(~300 Myr)evolutionary history free of genome-wide duplications(polyploidy).Despite this genome conservatism,we have recently found a viable spontaneous tetraploid Ginkgo sapling during routine screening of several plants,demonstrating that natural polyploidy is possible in Ginkgo.Here we provide a much wider flow cytometry survey of ploidy in some European Ginkgo collections,and own seedlings(>2200 individuals and~200 cultivars).We found a surprisingly high level of ploidy variation in modern-day Ginkgo and documented altogether 13 haploid,3 triploid,and 10 tetraploid Ginkgo plants or cultivars,most of them being morphologically distinct from common diploids.Haploids frequently produced polyploid(dihaploid)buds or branches.Tetraploids showed some genome size variation.The surveyed plants provide a unique resource for future Ginkgo research and breeding,and they might be used to accelerate the modern diversification of this nearly extinct plant lineage. | PetrŠmarda Lucie Horová Ondřej Knápek Heidi Dieck Martin Dieck Katarína Ražná Pavel Hrubík Laszlo Orlóci Laszlo Papp Kristýna Veselá Pavel Veselý Petr Bureš | 2018 | Horticulture Research2018，5，1： | 4 |
| 20 | Accuracy of abdominal ultrasound for the diagnosis of small bowel obstruction in the emergency department显示文摘BACKGROUND: Emergency physicians frequently encounter patients with acute small bowel obstructions(SBO). Although computed tomography(CT) imaging is the current gold standard in the assessment of patients with suspected SBO in the emergency department, a few studies have examined the use of ultrasound as an alternative imaging technique. METHODS: We evaluated the accuracy of ultrasound performed in the ED by a variety of providers(physicians with various levels of training, physician assistants) compared to CT imaging in 47 patients with suspected SBOs. RESULTS: Our data demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 93.3% when compared to abdominal CT, and a sensitivity of 94.3% and specificity of 95.2% using a composite endpoint of abdominal CT and discharge diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound can play an important role in the identification of small bowel obstructions in ED patients. | Sarah E. Frasure Amy F. Hildrcth Raghu Seethala Heidi H. Kimberly | 2018 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2018，9，4： | 4 |
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