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| 1 | Rates of litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems:global patterns and controlling factors显示文摘Aims We aim to construct a comprehensive global database of litter decomposition rate(k value)estimated by surface floor litterbags,and investigate the direct and indirect effects of impact factors such as geographic factors(latitude and altitude),climatic factors(mean annual tempePlrature,MAT;mean annual precipitation,MAP)and litter quality factors(the contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg and C:N ratio,lignin:N ratio)on litter decomposition.Methods We compiled a large data set of litter decomposition rates(k values)from 110 research sites and conducted simple,multiple regression and path analyses to explore the relationship between the k values and impact factors at the global scale.Important findings The k values tended to decrease with latitude(LAT)and lignin content(LIGN)of litter but increased with temperature,precipitation and nutrient concentrations at the large spatial scale.Single factor such as climate,litter quality and geographic variable could not explain litter decomposition rates well.However,the combination of total nutrient(TN)elements and C:N accounted for 70.2%of the variation in the litter decomposition rates.The combination of LAT,MAT,C:N and TN accounted for 87.54%of the variation in the litter decomposition rates.These results indicate that litter quality is the most important direct regulator of litter decomposition at the global scale.This data synthesis revealed significant relationships between litter decomposition rates and the combination of climatic factor(MAT)and litter quality(C:N,TN).The global-scale empirical relationships developed here are useful for a better understanding and modeling of the effects of litter quality and climatic factors on litter decomposition rates. | Deqiang Zhang Dafeng Hui Yiqi Luo Guoyi Zhou | 2008 | Journal of Plant Ecology2008，1，2： | 99 |
| 2 | Karyotype Stability and Unbiased Fractionation in the Paleo-Allotetraploid Cucurbita Genomes显示文摘 | Honghe Sun Shan WU Guoyu Zhang Chen Jiao Shaogui Guo Yi Ren Jie Zhang Haiying Zhang Guoyi Gong Zhangcai Jia Fan Zhang Jiaxing Tian William J. Lucas Jeff J. Doyle Haizhen Li Zhangjun Fei Yong Xu | 2017 | Molecular Plant2017，10，10： | 33 |
| 3 | Altered trends in carbon uptake in China’s terrestrial ecosystems under the enhanced summer monsoon and warming hiatus显示文摘The carbon budgets in terrestrial ecosystems in China are strongly coupled with climate changes.Over the past decade,China has experienced dramatic climate changes characterized by enhanced summer monsoon and decelerated warming.However,the changes in the trends of terrestrial net ecosystem production(NEP)in China under climate changes are not well documented.Here,we used three ecosystem models to simulate the spatiotemporal variations in China's NEP during 1982–2010 and quantify the contribution of the strengthened summer monsoon and warming hiatus to the NEP variations in four distinct climatic regions of the country.Our results revealed a decadal-scale shift in NEP from a downtrend of–5.95 Tg C/yr^2(reduced sink)during 1982–2000 to an uptrend of 14.22 Tg C/yr^2(enhanced sink)during 2000–10.This shift was essentially induced by the strengthened summer monsoon,which stimulated carbon uptake,and the warming hiatus,which lessened the decrease in the NEP trend.Compared to the contribution of 56.3%by the climate effect,atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen deposition had relatively small contributions(8.6 and 11.3%,respectively)to the shift.In conclusion,within the context of the global-warming hiatus,the strengthening of the summer monsoon is a critical climate factor that enhances carbon uptake in China due to the asymmetric response of photosynthesis and respiration.Our study not only revealed the shift in ecosystem carbon sequestration in China in recent decades,but also provides some insight for understanding ecosystem carbon dynamics in other monsoonal areas. | Honglin He Shaoqiang Wang Li Zhang Junbang Wang Xiaoli Ren Lei Zhou Shilong Piao Hao Yan Weimin Ju Fengxue Gu Shiyong Yu Yuanhe Yang Miaomiao Wang Zhongen Niu Rcmg Ge Huimin Yan Mei Huang Guoyi Zhou Yongfei Bai Zongqiang Xie Zhiyao Tang Bingfang Wu Leiming Zhang Nianpeng He Qiufeng Wang Guirui Yu | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，3： | 24 |
| 4 | Climate and litter C/N ratio constrain soil organic carbon accumulation显示文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC) plays critical roles in stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concentration, but the mechanistic controls on the amount and distribution of SOC on global scales are not well understood. In turn, this has hampered the ability to model global C budgets and to find measures to mitigate climate change. Here, based on the data from a large field survey campaign with 2600 plots across China’s forest ecosystems and a global collection of published data from forested land, we find that a low litter carbon-to-nitrogen ratio(C/N) and high wetness index(P/PET, precipitation-to-potentialevapotranspiration ratio) are the two factors that promote SOC accumulation, with only minor contributions of litter quantity and soil texture. The field survey data demonstrated that high plant diversity decreased litter C/N and thus indirectly promoted SOC accumulation by increasing the litter quality. We conclude that any changes in plant-community composition, plant-species richness and environmental factors that can reduce the litter C/N ratio, or climatic changes that increase wetness index, may promote SOC accumulation. The study provides a guideline for modeling the carbon cycle of various ecosystem scales and formulates the principle for land-based actions for mitigating the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. | Guoyi Zhou Shan Xu Philippe Ciais Stefano Manzoni Jingyun Fang Guirui Yu Xuli Tang Ping Zhou Wantong Wang Junhua Yan Gengxu Wang Keping Ma Shenggong Li Sheng Du Shijie Han Youxin Ma Deqiang Zhang Juxiu Liu Shizhong Liu Guowei Chu Qianmei Zhang Yuelin Li Wenjuan Huang Hai Ren Xiankai Lu Xiuzhi Chen | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，4： | 21 |
| 5 | Preliminary study on the origin identification of natural gas by the parameters of light hydrocarbon显示文摘The light hydrocarbon composition of 209 natural gas samples and individual light hydrocarbon carbon isotopes of 53 natural gas samples from typical humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas in the four basins of China have been determined and analyzed.Some identification parameters for humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas are proposed or corrected.The differences of compound-specificδ13C value of individual light hydrocarbon between humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas have been founded.The humic-sourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene > -24‰,δ13C toluene >-23‰,δ13C cyclohexane >-24‰andδ13C methyl cyclohexane >-24‰,while the sapropelicsourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene <-24‰,δ13C toluene <-24‰,δ13C cyclohexane <-24‰and δ13C methyl cyclohexane <-24‰.Among the components of C7 light hydrocarbon compound,such as normal heptane(nC7),methyl cyclohexane(MCH)and dimethyl cyclopentane(ΣDMCP),etc,relative contents of nC7 and MCH are influenced mainly by the source organic matter type of natural gas.Therefore,it is suggested that the gas with relative content of nC7 of more than 30%and relative content of MCH of less than 70%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while gas with relative content of nC7 of less than 35%and relative content of MCH of more than 50%is humic-sourced gas.Among components of C5-7 aliphatics, the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of more than 30%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of less than 30%is humic-sourced gas.These paremeters have been suggested to identify humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas. | HU GuoYi 1,2,3 ,LI Jian 1,2 ,LI Jin 1,2 ,LI ZhiSheng 1,2 ,LUO Xia 1,2 ,SUN QingWu 1,2 &MA ChengHua 1,2 1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development(Langfang Branch),Petrochina,Langfang 065007,China 2 The Key Laboratory of Gas Formation and Development,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,China 3 College of Geo-Resources and Information,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102200,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 19 |
| 6 | Effect of N and P addition on soil organic C potential mineralization in forest soils in South China显示文摘Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is at a high level in some forests of South China. The effects of addition of exogenous N and P on soil organic carbon mineralization were studied to address: (1) if the atmospheric N deposition promotes soil C storage through decreasing mineralization; (2) if the soil available P is a limitation to organic carbon mineralization. Soils (0-10 cm) was sampled from monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (MEBF), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBMF), and Pinus massoniana forest (PMF) in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve (located in Guangdong Province, China). The soils were incubated at 25°C for 45 weeks, with addition of N (NH4NO3 solution) or P (KH2PO4 solution). CO2-C emission and the inorganic N (NH4+-N and NO3?-N) of the soils were determined during the incubation. The results showed that CO2-C emission decreased with the N addition. The addition of P led to a short-term sharp increase in CO2 emission after P application, and the responses of CO2-C evolution to P addition in the later period of incubation related to forest types. Strong P inhibition to CO2 emission occurred in both PMF and CBMF soils in the later incubation. The two-pool kinetic model was fitted well to the data for C turnover in this experiment. The model analysis demonstrated that the addition of N and P changed the distribution of soil organic C between the labile and recalcitrant pool, as well as their mineralization rates. In our experiment, soil pH can not completely explain the negative effect of N addition on CO2-C emission. The changes of soil inorganic N during incubation seemed to support the hypothesis that the polymerization of added nitrogen with soil organic compound by abiotic reactions during incubation made the added nitrogen retard the soil organic carbon mineralization. We conclude that atmospheric N deposition contributes to soil C accretion in the three subtropical forest ecosystems, however, the shortage of soil available P in CBMF and PMF may also retard soil organic C mineralization. | OUYANG, Xuejun ZHOU, Guoyi HUANG, Zhongliang ZHOU, Cunyu LI, Jiong SHI, Junhui ZHANG, Deqiang | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，9： | 17 |
| 7 | Discrimination of abiogenic and biogenic alkane gases显示文摘We have combined the analytical data of the carbon isotope distribution pattern, R/Ra and CH4/3He values of abiogenic and biogenic (referring to the thermogenic and bacterial or microbial) alkane gases in China with those of alkane gases from USA, Russia, Germany, Australia and other countries. Four discrimination criteria are derived from this comparative study: 1) Carbon isotopic composition is generally greater than -30‰ for abiogenic methane and less than -30‰ for biogenic methane; 2) Abiogenic alkane gases have a carbon isotopic reversal trend (δ 13C1> δ 13C2> δ 13C3> δ 13C4) with δ 13C1>-30‰ in general; 3) Gases with R/Ra >0.5 and δ 13C11 δ 13C2>0 are of abiogenic origin; 4) Gases (meth- ane) with CH4/3He≤106 are of abiogenic origin, whereas gases with CH4/3He≥1011 are of biogenic origin. | DAI JinXing ZOU CaiNeng ZHANG ShuiChang LI Jian NI YunYan HU GuoYi LUO Xia TAO ShiZhen ZHU GuangYou MI JingKui LI ZhiSheng HU AnPing YANG Chun ZHOU QingHua SHUAI YanHua ZHANG Ying MA ChengHua | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，12： | 17 |
| 8 | Stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of gases from the large tight gas fields in China显示文摘By the end of the year 2010,a total of 15 large tight gas fields have been found in China,located in the Ordos,Sichuan,and Tarim basins.The annual production and total reserves of these fields in 2010 were 222.5×108and 28657×108m3,respectively,accounting for 23.5%and 37.3%,respectively,of the total annual production and reserves of natural gases in China.They took a major part of all natural gas production and reserves in China.According to the analyses of 81 gas samples,the stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of tight gases in China have following characteristics:(1)Plots of 13C1-13C2-13C3,13C1-C1/C2+3and 13C1-13C2demonstrate the coal-derived origin of tight gases in China;(2)For the primary alkane gases,both carbon and hydrogen isotopic values increase with increasing molecular mass,i.e.,13C1<13C2<13C3<13C4and2H1<2H2<2H3;(3)The isotopic differences of 13C2-13C1,13C3-13C1,2H2-2H1and 2H3-2H1decrease with increasing Ro(%)and C1/C1–4;(4)There are seven causes for the carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversal,however,the carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversal of tight gases in China is caused mainly by multiple stages of gas charge and accumulation. | DAI JinXing NI YunYan HU GuoYi HUANG ShiPeng LIAO FengRong YU Cong GONG DeYu WU Wei | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，1： | 17 |
| 9 | Progress in numerical simulation of cavitating water jets显示文摘This paper reviews recent progress made toward modeling of cavitation and numerical simulation of cavitating water jets. Properties of existing cavitation models are discussed and a compressible mixture flow method for the numerical simulation of highspeed water jets accompanied by intensive cavitation is introduced. Two-phase fluids media of cavitating flow are treated as a homogeneous bubbly mixture and the mean flow is computed by solving Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for compressible fluid. The intensity of cavitation is evaluated by the gas volume fraction, which is governed by the compressibility of bubble-liquid mixture corresponding to the status of mean flow field. Numerical results of cavitating water jet issuing from an orifice nozzle are presented and its applicability to intensively cavitating jets is demonstrated. However, the effect of impact pressure caused by collapsing of bubbles is neglected, and effectively coupling of the present compressible mixture flow method with the dynamics of bubbles remains to be a challenge. | PENG Guoyi SHIMIZU Seiji | 2013 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2013，25，4： | 16 |
| 10 | Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography Predicts Outcome in Patients with Coma After Acute Brain Injury显示文摘Prognostication of coma patients after brain injury is important, yet challenging. In this study, we evaluated the predictive value of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography(a EEG) for neurological outcomes in coma patients. From January 2013 to January 2016, 128 coma patients after acute brain injury were prospectively enrolled and monitored with a EEG. The 6-month neurological outcome was evaluated using the Cerebral Performance Category Scale. a EEG monitoring commenced at a median of 7.5 days after coma onset. Continuous normal voltage predicted a good 6-month neurological outcome with a sensitivity of 93.6% and specificity of 85.2%. In contrast, continuous extremely low voltage, burst-suppression, or a flat tracing was correlated with poor 6-month neurological outcome with a sensitivity of 76.5% and specificity of 100%. In conclusion, a EEG is a promising predictor of 6-month neurological outcome for coma patients after acute brain injury. | Wendong You Qilin Tang Xiang Wu Junfeng Feng Qing Mao Guoyi Gao Jiyao Jiang | 2018 | Neuroscience Bulletin2018，34，4： | 15 |
| 11 | Molecular geochemical characteristics of gas source rocks from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation indicate transgression events in the Sichuan Basin显示文摘The geochemical characteristics of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons from different formations and lithologies provide ob-vious evidence for transgressions that occurred during Upper Triassic Xujiahe stage in Sichuan Basin with a great impact on the source input and depositional environment.A clear dual peak distribution for normal alkanes and obvious abundant com-pounds sourced from bacteria and algae in whole oil gas chromatogram indicates the abundance of lower organisms input.The ratio of Pr/Ph is low,ranging from 0.33 to 0.86 with an average of 0.60,quite different from Pr/Ph >2.0 for coal measures in swamp environment,representing source rocks from saline lake or marine facies.In the gas source rocks extracts,abundant β-carotane,-carotane,and their degradated series were detected in the whole oil chromatogram,indicating a reducing envi-ronment.The concentrations of methyl steranes and dinosteranes are high.The content of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocy-cles(PASH) is relatively higher in aromatic fraction and the assemblage of fluorene,dibenzofuran,and dibenzothiophene is different from the typical saline lake and the regular swamp facies source rocks,manifesting the transgression effects on gas source rocks. | ZHANG Min HUANG GuangHui LI HongBo HU GuoYi ZHANG ShuiChang | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，8： | 10 |
| 12 | Numerical analysis of cavitation cloud shedding in a submerged water jet显示文摘Focused on the unsteady behavior of high-speed water jets with intensive cavitation a numerical analysis is performed by applying a practical compressible mixture flow bubble cavitation model with a simplified estimation of bubble radius. The mean flow of two-phase mixture is calculated by unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS) for compressible flow and the intensity of cavitation in a local field is evaluated by the volume fraction of gas bubbles whose radius is estimated with a simplified RayleighPlesset equation according to pressure variation of the mean flow field. High-speed submerged water jet issuing from a sheathed sharp-edge orifice nozzle is treated. The periodically shedding of cavitation clouds is captured in a certain reliability compared to experiment data of visualization observation and the capability to capture the unsteadily shedding of cavitation clouds is demonstrated. The results demonstrate that cavitation takes place near the entrance of nozzle throat and cavitation cloud expands consequentially while flowing downstream. Developed bubble clouds break up near the nozzle exit and shed downstream periodically along the shear layer. Under the effect of cavitation bubbles the decay of core velocity is delayed compared to the case of no-cavitation jet. | Guoyi PENG 杨从新 Yasuyuki OGUMA Seiji SHIMIZU | 2016 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2016，28，6： | 10 |
| 13 | Overexpression of the Watermelon Ethylene Response Factor ClERF069 in Transgenic Tomato Resulted in Delayed Fruit Ripening显示文摘Watermelon fruit undergoes distinct development stages with dramatic changes during fruit ripening.To date,the molecular mechanics of watermelon ripening remain unclear.Genetic and transcriptome evidences suggested that the ethylene response factor(ERF)gene ClERF069 may be an important candidate factor affecting watermelon fruit ripening.To dissect the roles of ClERF069 in fruit ripening,structure and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the amplified full-length sequence.Normal-ripening watermelon 97103,non-ripening watermelon PI296341-FR and the RIL population were used to analyze ClERF069 expression dynamics and the correlation with fruit ripening indexs.The results indicated that ClERF069 belongs to ERF family group VI and show high homology(83%identity)to melon ERF069-like protein.ClERF069 expression in watermelon flesh was negatively correlated with fruit lycopene content and sugar content during fruit ripening progress.Further transgenic evidences indicated that overexpression of 35S:ClERF069 in tomato noticeably delayed the ripening process up to 5.2 days.Lycopene,β-carotenoid accumulation patterns were altered and ethylene production patterns in transgenic fruits was significantly delayed during fruit ripening.Taken together,watermelon ethylene response factor ClERF069 was concluded to be a negative regulator of fruit ripening. | Ming Zhou Shaogui Guo Shouwei Tian Jie Zhang Yi Ren Guoyi Gong Changbao Li Haiying Zhang Yong Xu | 2020 | Horticultural Plant Journal2020，6，4： | 9 |
| 14 | Effect and quantitative evaluation of CO_2 derived from organic matter in coal on the formation of tight sandstone reservoirs显示文摘Tight reservoirs are widely distributed, especially in coal measure strata. Identification of the densification mechanism of the tight sandstone reservoirs is critical in effectively exploring and exploiting tight gas/oil resources. In this study, the gas formation from type Ⅲ organic matter in coal was kinetically modeled for the whole diagenetic stage, from the shallow buried biogas generation stage to the deep buried thermal gas generation stage. The results demonstrated that during hydrocarbon formation, quantities of non-hydrocarbon gases, such as CO2 , were generated. The proportion of CO2 is about 50%-70% of that of the C1-5 , which far exceeds the CO2 content (0-5%) in the natural gas in the sedimentary basins. Geological case study analysis showed that a considerable part of the 'lost' gaseous CO2 was converted into carbonate cement under favorable environments. Under the ideal conditions, the volume of the carbonate cement transformed from total CO 2 generated by 1 m 3 coal (Junggar Basin Jurassic, TOC 67%) can amount to 0.32 m 3 . Obviously, this process plays a very important role in the formation of tight sandstone reservoirs in the coal measures. Our results also show that the kinetic generation processes of C1-5 and CO2 are asynchronous. There are two main stages of CO2 generation, one at the weak diagenetic stage and the other at the over-mature stage, which are different from large-scale multi-stage hydrocarbon gas generation. Therefore, we can understand the mechanism of tight gas charging by determining the filling time for a tight gas reservoir and the key period of CO2 generation. Further analysis and correlation studies of a specific region are of great significance for determining the mechanism and modeling gas charging in tight reservoirs. It should be noted that the formation of tight sandstone reservoirs is the combined result of complex organic-inorganic and water-rock-hydrocarbon interactions. The details of spatial and temporal distributions of the carbonate cement derived from the organic CO2 , which combines with metal ions (Ca/Mg/Fe) in the formation water, should be further investigated. | SHUAI YanHua ZHANG ShuiChang GAO Yang LU Hong CHEN JianPing MI JingKui LIU JinZhong HU GuoYi | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，5： | 7 |
| 15 | ^(14)C measurement of forest soils in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve显示文摘Organic carbon in forest soils of Qingyunsi and Wukesong profiles can be divided into fast and slow components. Δ14C values of these profiles decrease with increasing of depth. The Δ14C values in 30—40 cm depth interval of Wukesong profile are decreasing sharply until a very low value,showing that a strong geological environment change occurred about 1 560 years ago. The 14C apparent ages of Wukesong profile show that the coniferous and broad-leaf mixed forests around Wukesong profile have been developing since 425 a BP, which is consistent with historical documents. The penetrating depths of 'bomb 14C' in Qingyunsi and Wukesong profiles are 10 and 20 cm, respectively. | SHEN Chengde , LIU Dongsheng (LIU Tungsheng) , PENG Shaolin, SUN Yanmin , JIANG Mantao , Yl Weixi , XING Changping , GAO Quanzhou , LI Zhi’an and ZHOU Guoyi Guangzhou Institute of Geochemisry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029, China South China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，3： | 7 |
| 16 | Wind turbines output power smoothing using embedded energy storage systems显示文摘The ability of an energy storage system to improve the performance of a wind turbine(WT)with a fully rated converter was evaluated,where the energy storage device is embedded in the direct current(dc)link with a bidirectional dc/dc converter.Coordinated dc voltage control design of the line-side converter and the energy storage dc/dc converters was proposed using a common dc voltage measurement for smoothing the output power.A transfer function and Bode diagram were introduced to analyze the system performance with different control parameters.MATLAB/Simulink simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.It was found that the proposed methods smooth the power output from the WT to the grid and thus improve the quality of the generated power. | Guoyi XU Lie XU Liangzhong YAO | 2013 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2013，1，1： | 7 |
| 17 | The characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin显示文摘The Central Gas Field is a famous large-sized gas field in the Ordos Basin of China. However, identification of main gas sources of the Ordovician reservoirs in this gas field remains puzzling. On the basis of a lot of geochemical data and geological research on natural gases, the characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin were studied. The results indicated that natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin have similar chemical and isotopic compositions to highly mature and over-mature dry gases. Both coal-derived gases and oil-type gases coexist in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin. The former was derived mainly from Carboniferous-Permian coal measures and the latter from Lower Paleozoic marine carbonates. It is suggested that coal-derived gases occur in the eastern part of the Central Gas Field while oil-type gases may be produced mainly in the northern, western and southern parts of the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin. | LI Xianqing HU Guoyi LI Jian HOU Dujie DONG Peng SONG Zhihong YANG Yunfeng | 2008 | Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry2008，27，2： | 7 |
| 18 | Modulation of Sex Expression in Four Forms of Watermelon by Gibberellin, Ethephone and Silver Nitrate显示文摘There has been no systematic research on the effect of plant growth regulators and silver nitrate treatments on the control of sex expression in watermelon. In this study, we tested sex expression responses of four watermelon forms(monoecism, gynoecism, andromonoecism,and hermaphrodite) to gibberellin, ethephon and silver nitrate treatments. Results have shown that, in monoecious plants, gibberellins(GA_3)and ethephon treatments reduced the percentage of female flowers and delayed the occurrence of the first female flower, while silver nitrate induced the formation of bisexual flowers. In gynoecious plants, both ethephon and silver nitrate treatments transformed some female flowers into bisexual flowers, and treatment with ethephon resulted in a mass of abnormal flowers, while no obvious effect of treatment with GA_3 was observed. In andromonoecious plants, ethephon and GA_3 treatments delayed the occurrence of the first bisexual flower, and GA_3 reduced the percentage of bisexual flowers, while no distinct effect for silver nitrate treatment was observed. In hermaphroditic plants, ethephon treatment induced the appearance of numerous abnormal flowers, while no obvious effects for GA_3 and silver nitrate treatments were observed.We analyzed the transcription levels of all the expressed aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase(ACS) homologues in two gynoecious mutants and their wild types. We also tested the gene expression of CitACS4 which had been recognized as the andromonoecious gene in all treatments. All these results suggested that the best masculinizing treatment for breeding of the gynoecious line is silver nitrate, which repressed the expression of CitACS4 and induced many bisexual flowers for use in self-fertilization subsequently. | ZHANG Jie SHI Jianting JI Gaojie ZHANG Haiying GONG Guoyi GUO Shaogui REN Yi FAN Jianguang TIAN Shouwei XU Yong | 2017 | Horticultural Plant Journal2017，3，3： | 6 |
| 19 | CO_2 efflux from different forest soils and impact factors in Dinghu Mountain, China显示文摘CO2 fluxes from soils and related environmental factors were measured in three forest ecosystems of Dinghu Mountain using static chamber-gas chromatograph technique for one year. The seasonal pattern of CO2 flux, contribution of litter on total CO2 flux and the correlations of CO2 flux with soil temperature and soil water content were examined for each type of forest. The results were given as followings: (1) The seasonal patterns of CO2 flux from soil of the three types of forest were similar, with a higher CO2 flux in rainy season than in dry season. The comparative relations of mean annual CO2 fluxes between the three sites were expressed as:monsoon forest > mixed forest > pine forest. (2) CO2 fluxes from litter decomposition in monsoon forest, mixed forest and pine forest accounted for 24.43%, 41.75% and 29.23% of the corresponding total CO2 fluxes from forest floor, respectively. (3) Significant relationships were found between CO2 fluxes and soil temperatures at 5 cm depth for the three types of forest, which could be best described by exponential equations. The calculated Q10 values based on soil temperature at 5 cm depth ranged from 1.86 to 3.24. More significant relationships were found between CO2 fluxes and soil water content when the annual variation coefficients of soil moisture were higher. | ZHOU Cunyu, ZHOU Guoyi, ZHANG Deqiang, WANG Yinghong & LIU Shizhong Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 6 |
| 20 | Relationship between plant canopy characteristics and photosynthetic productivity in diverse cultivars of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)显示文摘Genotype and plant type affect photosynthetic production by changing the canopy structure in crops.To analyze the mechanism of action of heterosis and plant type on canopy structure in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.),we had selected two cotton hybrids(Shiza 2,Xinluzao 43) and two conventional varieties(Xinluzao 13,Xinluzao 33) with different plant types in this experiment.We studied canopy characteristics and their correlation with photosynthesis in populations of different genotypes and plant types during yield formation in Xinjiang,China.Canopy characteristics including leaf area index(LAI),mean foliage tilt angle(MTA),canopy openness(DIFN),and chlorophyll relative content(SPAD).The results showed that LAI and SPAD peak values were higher and their peak values arrived later,and the adjustment capacity of MTA during the flowering and boll-forming stages was stronger in Xinluzao 43,with the normal-leaf,pagoda plant type,than these values in other varieties.DIFN of Xinluzao 43 remained between0.09 and 0.12 during the flowering and boll-forming stages,but was lower than that in the other varieties during the boll-opening stage.Thus,these characteristics of Xinluzao 43 were helpful for optimizing the light environment and maximizing light interception,thereby increasing photosynthetic capability.The photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic area were thus affected by cotton genotype as changes in the adjustment range of MTA,increases in peak values of LAI and SPAD,and extension of the functional stage of leaves.Available photosynthetic area and canopy light environment were affected by cotton plant type as changes in MTA and DIFN.Heterosis expression and plant type development were coordinated during different growth stages,the key to optimizing the canopy structure and further increasing yield. | Guoyi Feng Honghai Luo Yali Zhang Ling Gou Yandi Yao Yongzeng Lin Wangfeng Zhang | 2016 | The Crop Journal2016，4，6： | 6 |
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