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| 1 | Treatment of soybean wastewater by a wild strain Rhodobacter sphaeroides and to produce protein under natural conditions显示文摘The conventional treatment method of soybean wastewater is expensive and generates waste sludge that requires further handling.Purple nonsulfur bacteria(PNSB)wastewater treatment is a clean technology and can generate single cell protein while degrading pollutants.A wild strain of PNSB,Rhodobacter sphaeroides Z08,was isolated from local soil and was used to treat soybean wastewater.To develop a cost-effective process,the work was performed under natural conditions without artificial light,aeration,nutrients addition,or pH and temperature adjustment.The results showed that the wild strain Rhodobacter sphaeroides Z08 could grow well under natural conditions.The growth curve showed two quickgrowth periods and a turning point.The Z08 treatment of soybean wastewater was zero order reaction and COD reduction was 96%after 10 d.The major byproducts of the process were C2-C5 organic acids,predominantly butyric acid.No alcohol was found in the effluent.The initial COD/bacterial-mass ratio(F/M)had a significant effect on soybean wastewater treatment efficiency.When the initial F/M was lower than 10 mg-COD/mg-bacteria,a sufficient amount of time to achieve 90%of COD reduction was only three days.The Z08 biomass yield was 0.28 g·g^(–1),and the bacterial protein content was 52%. | Junguo HE Guangming ZHANG Haifeng LU | 2010 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2010，4，3： | 20 |
| 2 | CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of TaNP1 genes results in complete male sterility in bread wheat显示文摘Male sterile genes and mutants are valuable resources in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops.High genetic redundancy due to allohexaploidy makes it difficult to obtain the nuclear recessive male sterile mutants through spontaneous mutation or chemical or physical mutagenesis methods in wheat.The emerging effective genome editing tool,CRISPR/Cas9 system,makes it possible to achieve simultaneous mutagenesis in multiple homoeoalleles.To improve the genome modification efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in wheat,we compared four different RNA polymerase(Pol)Ⅲpromoters(TaU3 p,TaU6 p,OsU3 p,and OsU6 p)and three types of sgRNA scaffold in the protoplast system.We show that the TaU3 promoter-driven optimized sgRNA scaffold was most effective.The optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to edit three TaNP1 homoeoalleles,whose orthologs,OsNP1 in rice and ZmIPE1 in maize,encode a putative glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase and are required for male sterility.Triple homozygous mutations in TaNP1 genes result in complete male sterility.We further demonstrated that anyone wild-type copy of the three TaNP1 genes is sufficient for maintenance of male fertility.Taken together,this study provides an optimized CRISPR/Cas9 vector for wheat genome editing and a complete male sterile mutant for development of a commercially viable hybrid wheat seed production system. | Jian Li Zheng Wang Guangming He Ligeng Ma Xing Wang Deng | 2020 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2020，47，5： | 12 |
| 3 | A Global Identification and Analysis of Small Nucleolar RNAs and Possible Intermediate-Sized Non-Coding RNAs in Oryza sativa显示文摘积累的证据建议非编码的 RNA (ncRNAs ) 在许多真核细胞的有机体普遍、机能上地重要。在这研究,我们采用了分别和 cDNA 图书馆构造方法列在后面由的一种特殊尺寸 454 系统地介绍米饭的深定序中间尺寸的 ncRNAs。我们的分析总共导致了 1349 ncRNAs 的鉴定,包括一个未知功能的范畴的 754 新奇 ncRNAs。所有识别 ncRNAs 的染色体分发没显示出海滨偏爱,并且显示了类似于与很少染色体相关性在编码蛋白质的基因观察了那的一个模式。非常, ncRNAs 的一半被集中在附近编码区域的 5 和 3 个终点正海滨。新奇 ncRNAs 的多数是米饭特定,当 78% 小核仁的 RNA (snoRNAs ) 被保存时。双人脚踏车复制驾驶了扩大在 snoRNA 基因家庭的一半上。而且, 90% snoRNA 候选人被显示特别地生产在 2030 nt,其 80% 通常与淘金者蛋白质被联系,和 AGO1b 之间的小 RNA。总的来说,我们的调查结果在 monocot 种提供中间尺寸的非编码的 transcriptome 的一个全面看法,它将为 ncRNA 函数的深入的分析用作一个有用平台。 | Ting-Ting Liu Danmeng Zhu Wei Chen Wei Deng Hang He Guangming He Baoyan Bai Yijun Qi Runsheng Chen Xing Wang Deng | 2013 | Molecular Plant2013，6，3： | 10 |
| 4 | Expression Analysis of miRNAs and Highly-expressed Small RNAs in Two Rice Subspecies and their Reciprocal Hybrids显示文摘Heterosis,or hybrid vigor,is the phenomenon whereby progeny of two inbred lines exhibit superior agronomic performance compared with either parent.We analyzed the expression of miRNAs and highly expressed small RNAs (defined according to Solexa sequencing results) in two rice (Oryza sativa) subspecies (japonica cv.Nipponbare and indica cv.93-11) and their reciprocal hybrids using microarrays.We found that of all the 1141 small RNAs tested,140 (12%,140 of 1141) and 157 (13%,157 of 1141) were identified being significantly differentially expressed in two reciprocal hybrids,respectively.All possible modes of action,including additive,high-and low-parent,above high-and below low-parent modes were exhibited.Both F1 hybrids showed non-additive expression patterns,with downregulation predominating.Interestingly,15 miRNAs displayed stark opposite expression trends relative to midparent in reciprocal hybrids.Computational prediction of targets of differentially expressed miRNAs showed that they participated in multifaceted developmental pathways,and were not distinguishable from the targets of non-differentially expressed miRNAs.Together,our findings reveal that small RNAs play roles in heterosis and add a new layer in the understanding and exploitation of molecular mechanisms of heterosis. | Fangfang Chen Guangming He Hang He Wei Chen Xiaopeng Zhu Manzhong Liang Liangbi Chen Xing Wang Deng | 2010 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2010，52，11： | 10 |
| 5 | Genomic Features and Regulatory Roles of Intermediate-Sized Non-Coding RNAs in Arabidopsis显示文摘在染色体宽的技术的最近的进展与各种各样的尺寸 ineukaryotes 允许几千非编码的 RNA 的鉴定,其中一些进一步被显示了在许多生物进程服务重要函数。然而在 modelplant Arabidopsis,新奇中介大小的 ncRNAs (im-ncRNAs )(50 ~ 300 nt ) 很限制了信息。由与深定序的技术使用修改隔离 strategycombined,我们全球性在 Arabidopsis 识别了 838 im-ncRNAs。多于一半(58%) 是新 ncRNA 种类,主要进化分叉。有趣地,与 5-UTR-derived 小说 im-ncRNAs 注解了 protein-codinggenes 趋于高度被表示。为 intergenic im-ncRNAs,他们比得上在幼苗的 mRNAs 的平均 abundanceswere,而是子集,在开始衰老的展出显著地更低的表示离开。进一步, intergenic im-ncRNAs 被调整由类似基因并且编码蛋白质的基因的到那些的 epigenetic 机制,和 someshowed 发展地调整了表示模式。基因屏蔽显示出的大规模颠倒 down-regulationof 很多 im-ncRNAs 在 vivo 导致了明显的分子的变化或反常发展显型,在植物生长和开发显示 im-ncRNAs 的功能的重要性。一起,我们的结果证明 thatnovel Arabidopsis im-ncRNAs 发展地被调整,功能的部件在 transcriptome.Key 词发现了: | Yuqiu Wang Xuncheng Wang Wei Deng Xiuduo Fan Ting-Ting Liu Guangming He Runsheng Chen William Terzaghi Danmeng Zhu Xing Wang Deng | 2014 | Molecular Plant2014，7，3： | 9 |
| 6 | Programmed Death Ligand-1 on Microglia Regulates Th1 Differentiation via Nitric Oxide in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis显示文摘Microglia are considered to be potential antigen-presenting cells and have the ability to present antigen under pathological conditions. Nevertheless, whether and how microglia are involved in immune regulation are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the suppressive activity of microglia during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE) induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, with the goal of understanding their role in regulating the T cell reaction. Using flow cytometric analysis, we found that microglia were characterized by increased cell number and up-regulated programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) at the peak phase of EAE. Meanwhile,both the CD^(4+)T cells and microglia that infiltrated the central nervous system expressed higher levels of PD1, the receptor for PD-L1, accompanied by a decline of Th1 cells.In an ex vivo co-culture system, microglia from EAE mice inhibited the proliferation of antigen-specific CD^(4+)T cells and the differentiation of Th1 cells, and this was significantly inhibited by PD-L1 blockade. Further,microglia suppressed Th1 cells via nitric oxide(NO), the production of which was dependent on PD-L1. Thus, these data suggest a scenario in which microglia are involved in the regulation of EAE by suppressing Th1-cell differentiation via the PD-L1-NO pathway. | Jingxia Hu Hao He Zhengang Yang Guangming Zhu Li Kang Xiuli Jing Hai Lu Wengang Song Bo Bai Hua Tang | 2016 | Neuroscience Bulletin2016，32，1： | 9 |
| 7 | Enhanced removal of ethylbenzene from gas streams in biotrickling filters by Tween-20 and Zn(Ⅱ)显示文摘The effects of Tween-20 and Zn(II)on ethylbenzene removal were evaluated using two biotrickling filters(BTFs),BTF1 and BTF2.Only BTF1 was fed with Tween-20 and Zn(II).Results show that ethylbenzene removal decreased from 94%to 69%for BTF1 and from 74%to 54%for BTF2 with increased organic loading from 64.8 to 189.0 g ethylbenzene/(m3·hr)at EBRT of 40 sec.The effect of EBRT(60–15 sec)at a constant ethylbenzene inlet concentration was more significant than that of EBRT(30–10 sec)at a constant organic loading.Biomass accumulation rate within packing media was reduced significantly. | Lu Wang Chunping Yang Yan Cheng Jian Huang Haining Yang Guangming Zeng Li Lu Shanying He | 2014 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2014，26，12： | 8 |
| 8 | Analysis of RDSS positioning accuracy based on RNSS wide area differential technique显示文摘The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS) provides Radio Navigation Service System(RNSS) as well as Radio Determination Service System(RDSS).RDSS users can obtain positioning by responding the Master Control Center(MCC) inquiries to signal transmitted via GEO satellite transponder.The positioning result can be calculated with elevation constraint by MCC.The primary error sources affecting the RDSS positioning accuracy are the RDSS signal transceiver delay,atmospheric trans-mission delay and GEO satellite position error.During GEO orbit maneuver,poor orbit forecast accuracy significantly impacts RDSS services.A real-time 3-D orbital correction method based on wide-area differential technique is raised to correct the orbital error.Results from the observation shows that the method can successfully improve positioning precision during orbital maneuver,independent from the RDSS reference station.This improvement can reach 50% in maximum.Accurate calibration of the RDSS signal transceiver delay precision and digital elevation map may have a critical role in high precise RDSS positioning services. | XING Nan SU RanRan ZHOU JianHua HU XiaoGong GONG XiuQiang LIU Li HE Feng GUO Rui REN Hui HU GuangMing ZHANG Lei | 2013 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2013，56，10： | 6 |
| 9 | Combined biologic aerated filter and sulfur/ceramisite autotrophic denitrification for advanced wastewater nitrogen removal at low temperatures显示文摘联合生物学的充气过滤器(BAF ) 和 sulfur/ceramisite-based 的一个创新先进废水处理过程为氮的可靠移动的自造营养物质的 denitrification (大量) 在这份报纸被建议。在大量反应堆, ceramisite 被用作过滤器和 Ca (HCO < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > 3 ) 2 被用于供应碱度和碳来源。BAF 大量被用来对待第二等的处理自河。这进程的性能被调查,并且氮移动上的温度的影响被学习。结果证明联合系统甚至在低温度在氮移动是有效的(8 ?= 瑥 ? ? , | Tian WAN Guangming ZHANG Fcngwci DU Junguo HE Pan WU | 2014 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2014，8，6： | 6 |
| 10 | Preparing graphene from anode graphite of spent lithium-ion batteries显示文摘 | Wenxuan Zhang Zhanpeng Liu Jing Xia Feng Li Wenzhi He Guangming Li Juwen Huang | 2017 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2017，11，5： | 6 |
| 11 | Rapid degradation of dyes in water by magnetic Fe^0/Fe_3O_4/graphene composites显示文摘Magnetic Fe^0/Fe_3O_4/graphene has been successfully synthesized by a one-step reduction method and investigated in rapid degradation of dyes in this work. The material was characterized by N_2 sorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), vibrating-sample magnetometer(VSM) measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results indicated that Fe^0/Fe_3O_4/graphene had a layered structure with Fe crystals highly dispersed in the interlayers of graphene, which could enhance the mass transfer process between Fe^0/Fe_3O_4/graphene and pollutants. Fe^0/Fe_3O_4/graphene exhibited ferromagnetism and could be easily separated and re-dispersed for reuse in water. Typical dyes, such as Methyl Orange, Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet, could be decolorized by Fe^0/Fe_3O_4/graphene rapidly. After 20 min, the decolorization efficiencies of methyl orange, methylene blue and crystal violet were 94.78%, 91.60% and 89.07%, respectively. The reaction mechanism of Fe^0/Fe_3O_4/graphene with dyes mainly included adsorption and enhanced reduction by the composite. Thus, Fe^0/Fe_3O_4/graphene prepared by the one-step reduction method has excellent performance in removal of dyes in water. | Shan Chong Guangming Zhang Huifang Tian He Zhao | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，6： | 5 |
| 12 | Shellac-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of cadmium(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution显示文摘This study describes a new effective adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution synthesized by coating a shellac layer, a natural biodegradable and renewable resin with abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging showed shellac-coated magnetic nanoparticle (SCMN) adsorbents had a core-shell structure with a core of 20 nm and shell of 5 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis suggested the occurrence of reaction between carboxyl groups on the SCMN adsorbent surface and cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Kinetic data were well described by pseudo second-order model and adsorption isotherms were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich models with maximum adsorption capacity of 18.80 mg/g. SCMN adsorbents provided a favorable adsorption capacity under high salinity conditions, and cadmium could easily be desorbed using mild organic acid solutions at low concentration. | Jilai Gong Long Chen Guangming Zeng Fei Long Jiuhua Deng Qiuya Niu Xun He | 2012 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2012，24，7： | 5 |
| 13 | Analyses of an Improved Double-Absorber Absorption Refrigeration System at Low Temperatures显示文摘An auto-cascade absorption refrigeration(ACAR)system could achieve a-60℃ refrigeration temperature by low-grade heat.For an ACAR system,its performance is mainly affected by energy and mass coupling of the auto-cascade processes.A novel ACAR system with double-absorber was proposed to get higher-efficient refrigeration as low as-60℃ in this context,which used R23-R134 a-DMF(N,N-Dimethylformamide)as its working fluids.Theoretical calculation and analyses were conducted under different working conditions.From the calculated results,the new system gained a COP value 20%higher than that of an ACAR system with single-absorber under the same generating,condensing,absorbing and refrigerating temperatures.Compositions of a refrigerant mixture showed key influences on energy and mass coupling of the auto-cascade processes,and an optimal composition of the mixed refrigerants was obtained for the new ACAR system.In addition,it was clearly found that absorbing processes of the new system had great effects on energy and mass coupling of the auto-cascade processes.Based on the difference of absorbing characteristics among R23,R134 a and DMF,the absorbing processes were intensified under the different absorbing pressures.As a result,an optimal matching pressure was obtained for the new ACAR system.Energy and mass coupling of the auto-cascade processes were further optimized,and the highest COP value was obtained.The theoretical analyses showed that performance of the innovative ACAR system could be superior to that of an ACAR system with single-absorber at a refrigeration temperature from -55℃ to -60℃. | HE Yijian CHEN Guangming | 2019 | Journal of Thermal Science2019，28，4： | 3 |
| 14 | Epigenetic Variations in Plant Hybrids and Their Potential Roles in Heterosis显示文摘Heterosis,one of the most important biological phenomena, refers to the phenotypic superiority of a hybrid over its genetically diverse parents with respect to many traits such as biomass,growth rate and yield.Despite its successful application in breeding and agronomic production of many crop and animal varieties,the molecular basis of heterosis remains elusive.The classic genetic explanations for heterosis centered on three hypotheses:dominance(Davenport,1908;Bruce, | Guangming He Hang He Xing Wang Deng | 2013 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2013，40，5： | 3 |
| 15 | Biodegradation of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dichlorophenol in saline wastewater by newly isolated Penicillium sp.yz11-22N2显示文摘In this study,the performance of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dichlorophenol(DCMX) degradation by a screened strain was investigated.18 S r DNA and the neighbor-joining method were used for identification of the isolated strain.The results of phylogenetic analysis and scanning electron micrographs showed that the most probable identity of the screened strain should be Penicillium sp.Growth characteristics of Penicillium sp.and degradation processes of DCMX were examined.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the inoculated DCMX solution was recorded,which supported the capacity of DCMX degradation by the screened Penicillium sp.Under different salinity conditions,the highest growth rate and removal efficiency for DCMX were obtained at p H 6.0.The removal efficiency decreased from 100%to 66% when the DCMX concentration increased from 5 to 60 mg/L,respectively.Using a Box–Behnken design,the maximum DCMX removal efficiency was determined to be 98.4%.With acclimation to salinity,higher removal efficiency could be achieved.The results demonstrate that the screened Penicillium sp.has the capability for degradation of DCMX. | Zhou Yan Huijun He Chunping Yang Guangming Zeng Le Luo Panpan Jiao Huiru Li Li Lu | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，7： | 3 |
| 16 | Influences of anion concentration and valence on dispersion and aggregation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions显示文摘Dispersion and aggregation of nanoparticles in aqueous solutions are important factors for safe application of nanoparticles. In this study, dispersion and aggregation of nano-TiO_2 in aqueous solutions containing various anions were investigated. The influences of anion concentration and valence on the aggregation size, zeta potential and aggregation kinetics were individually investigated. Results showed that the zeta potential decreased from 19.8 to-41.4 mV when PO_4^(3-) concentration was increased from 0 to 50 mg/L, while the corresponding average size of nano-TiO_2 particles decreased from 613.2 to 540.3 nm. Both SO_4^(2-) and NO_3^-enhanced aggregation of nano-TiO_2in solution. As SO_4^(2-) concentration was increased from 0 to 500 mg/L, the zeta potential decreased from 19.8 to 1.4 mV, and aggregate sizes increased from 613.2 to 961.3 nm.The trend for NO_3^- fluctuation was similar to that for SO_4^(2-) although the range of variation for NO_3^- was relatively narrow. SO_4^(2-) and NO_3^-accelerated the aggregation rapidly, while PO_4^(3-) did so slowly. These findings facilitate the understanding of aggregation and dispersion mechanisms of nano-TiO_2 in aqueous solutions in the presence of anions of interest. | Huijun He | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，4： | 2 |
| 17 | Effects of silver nanoparticles with different dosing regimens and exposure media on artificial ecosystem显示文摘Due to the wide use of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) in various fields, it is crucial to explore the potential negative impacts on the aquatic environment of AgNPs entering into the environment in different ways. In this study, comparative experiments were conducted to investigate the toxicological impacts of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles(PVP-AgNPs) with two kinds of dosing regimens, continuous and one-time pulsed dosing, in different exposure media(deionized water and XiangJiang River water). There were a number of quite different experimental results(including 100% mortality of zebrafish,decline in the activity of enzymes, and lowest number and length of adventitious roots) in the one-time pulsed dosing regimen at high PVP-AgNP concentration exposure(HOE)compared to the three other treatments. Meanwhile, we determined that the concentration of leached silver ions from PVP-AgNPs was too low to play a role in zebrafish death. Those results showed that HOE led to a range of dramatic ecosystem impacts which were more destructive than those of other treatments. Moreover, compared with the continuous dosing regimen, despite the fact that higher toxicity was observed for HOE, there was little difference in the removal of total silver from the aquatic environment for the different dosing regimens. No obvious differences in ecological impacts were observed between different water columns under low concentration exposure. Overall, this work highlighted the fact that the toxicity of Ag NPs was impacted by different dosing regimens in different exposure media, which may be helpful for assessments of ecological impacts on aquatic environments. | Jingwen Zeng Piao Xu Guiqiu Chen Guangming Zeng Anwei Chen Liang Hu Zhenzhen Huang Kai He Zhi Guo Weiwei Liu Jing Wu Jiangbo Shi | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Digital medical education empowered by intelligent fabric space显示文摘Medical education plays an important role in promoting the development of global medical science.Nevertheless,the intrinsic gap existing between institutional medical teaching and practical clinical tasks causes low education efficiency and students’weak initiative.Recent developments of sensing fabric and embedded computing,along with the advances in artificial intelligence(AI)and digital twin technology are paving the way for the transformation of medical research towards digitization.In this work,we present an intelligent fabric space based on novel functional fabric materials and digital twin networking enabled by 5G and internet of things(IoT)technologies.In this space,medical students can learn knowledge with collaborative mapping of the digital and real world,cyber-physical interaction and real-time tactile feedback.And the proposed service system will evaluate and feedback students’operational behaviors to improve their experimental skills.We provide four typical applications of intelligent fabric space for medical education,including medical education training,health and behavior tracking,operation playback and reproduction,as well as medical knowledge popularization.The proposed intelligent fabric space has the potential to promote innovative technologies for training cutting-edge medical students by effective and efficient ways. | Min Chen Rui Wang Rui Wang Yingting Zhou Zicheng He Xiaojuan Liu Muyao He Jiaxi Wang Chaolin Huang Huamin Zhou Ping Hong Chong Hou Ning Zhou Dingyu Zhang Guangming Tao | 2022 | National Science Open2022，1，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Natural variation of H3K27me3 modification in two Arabidopsis accessions and their hybrid显示文摘Histone modifications affect gene expression, but hthe mechanism and biological consequence of natural variation igin histone modifications remain unclear. Here, we generated Hgenome-wide integrated maps of H3K27me3 modification and transcriptome for Col, C24 and their F1 hybrid. A total of 1,828 genomic regions showing variation in H3K27me3 modification between Col and C24 were identified, most of which were associated with genic regions. Natural variation of H3K27me3 modification between parents could result in allelic bias of H3K27me3 in hybrids. Furthermore, we found that H3K27me3 variation between Col and C24 was negatively correlated with gene expression differences between two accessions, especially with those arising from the cis-effect. Importantly,mutation of CLF, an Arabidopsis methyltransferase for H3K27,altered gene expression patterns between the parents.Together, these data provide insights into natural variation of histone modifications and their association with gene expression differences between Arabidopsis ecotypes. | Mei Yang Xuncheng Wang Hao Huang Diqiu Ren Yan'e Su Pan Zhu Danmeng Zhu Liumin Fan Liangbi Chen Guangming He Xing Wang Deng | 2016 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2016，58，5： | 2 |
| 20 | Ammonia emissions from soil under sheep grazing in Inner Mongolian grasslands of China显示文摘Ammonia (NH3) emission and redeposition play a major role in terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycles and can also cause environmental problems, such as changes in biodiversity, soil acidity, and eutrophication. Previous field grazing experiments showed inconsistent (positive, neutral, and negative) NH3 volatilization from soils in response to varying grazing intensities. However, it remains unclear whether, or to what extent, NH3 emissions from soil are affected by increasing grazing intensities in Inner Mongolian grasslands. Using a 5-year grazing experiment, we investigated the relationship between NH3 volatilization from soil and grazing pressure (0.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 sheep/hm2 ) from June to September of 2009 and 2010 via the vented-chamber method. The results show that soil NH3 volatilization was not significantly different at different grazing intensities in 2009, although it was higher at the highest stocking rate during 2010. There was no significant linear relationship between soil NH3 volatilization rates and soil NH4+-N, but soil NH3 volatilization rates were significantly related to soil water content and air temperature. Grazing intensities had no significant influence on soil NH3 volatilization. Soil NH3 emissions from June to September (grazing period), averaged over all grazing intensities, were 9.6±0.2 and 19.0±0.2 kg N/hm2 in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Moreover, linear equations describing monthly air temperature and precipitation showed a good fit to changes in soil NH3 emissions (r=0.506, P=0.014). Overall, grazing intensities had less influence than that of climatic factors on soil NH3 emissions. Our findings provide new insights into the effects of grazing on NH3 volatilization from soil in Inner Mongolian grasslands, and have important implications for understanding N cycles in grassland ecosystems and for estimating soil NH3 emissions on a regional scale. | YunHai ZHANG NianPeng HE GuangMing ZHANG JianHui HUANG QiBing WANG QingMin PAN XingGuo HAN | 2013 | Journal of Arid Land2013，5，2： | 2 |
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