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| 1 | C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the soil microbial biomass in a grazed grassland site under experimental P limitation or exces显示文摘Introduction:The availability of essential nutrients,such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),can feedback on soil carbon(C)and the soil microbial biomass.Natural cycles can be supplemented by agricultural fertiliser addition,and we determined whether the stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the microbial biomass could be affected by an unbalanced nutrient supply.Methods:Samples were taken from a long-term trial(in effect since 1968)with annual applications of 0,15 and 30 kg P ha^(−1) with constant N and potassium.Soil and microbial biomass CNP contents were measured and nutrient limitation assessed by substrate-induced respiration.Linear regression and discriminant analyses were used to identify the variables explaining nutrient limitation.Results:Soil and biomass CNP increased with increasing P fertiliser,and there was a significant,positive,correlation between microbial biomass P and biomass C,apart from at the highest level of P fertilisation when the microbial biomass was over-saturated with P.The molar ratios of C:N:P in the microbial biomass remained constant(homeostatic)despite large changes in the soil nutrient ratios.Microbial growth was generally limited by C and N,except in soil with no added P when C and P were the main limiting nutrients.C,N and P,however,did not explain all the growth limitation on the soils with no added P.Conclusions:Increased soil C and N were probably due to increased net primary production.Our results confirm that C:N:P ratios within the microbial biomass were constrained(i.e.homeostatic)under near optimum soil conditions.Soils with no added P were characterised by strong microbial P limitation and soils under high P by over-saturation of microorganisms with P.Relative changes in biomass C:P can be indicative of nutrient limitation within a site. | Bryan S Griffiths Annette Spilles Michael Bonkowski | 2012 | Ecological Processes2012，1，1： | 23 |
| 2 | Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review显示文摘To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials(DFM) for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes(i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder) are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi(ARF) based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial properties to have a confirmed ‘generally regarded as safe' status for ruminants. | Anil K Puniya Abdelfattah Z M Salem Sanjay Kumar Sumit S Dagar Gareth W Griffith Monica Puniya Sreenivas R Ravella Nikhil Kumar Tejpal Dhewa Ravinder Kumar | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，3： | 17 |
| 3 | Characteristics of Rat Lumbar Vertebral Body Bone Mineral Density and Differential Segmental Responses to Sex Hormone Deficiency:a Clinical Multidetector Computed Tomography Study显示文摘Objective To investigate sex hormone deficiency related osteoporosis and efficacy of different therapies. Methods Orchiectomized and ovariectomized rat models are used to investigate sex hormone deficiency related osteoporosis and efficacy of different therapies. A rat vertebral body can be longitudinally divided into central portion, which contain more trabecular bone, and para-endplate portions which contain more compact bone. In matured male and female Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rat lumbar spines, we investigated baseline bone mineral density (BMD) characteristics and the differential segmental responses in bone loss within the lumbar vertebral body post gonadal surgery with clinical multidetector computed tomography. Results Para-endplate sections had a higher BMD than central sections. The cephalad para-endplate sections had a higher BMD than the caudad para-endplate sections. Eight weeks after gonadal removal, there was more bone loss in central sections than para-endplate sections. The relative difference of bone loss between para-endplate and central sections was more apparent in male rats than in female rats. There was more bone loss in caudad sections than cephalad sections; this lead to a further increase of BMD difference between caudad para-endplate sections and cephalad para-endplate sections post gonadal surgery. Conclusion The approach described in this study provided a consistent way to study BMD change within predominantly compact bone portion and trabecular bone portion of the vertebral body. | DENG Min WANG Yi Xiang James F. GRIFFITH LU Gang Anil T AHUJA POON Wai S | 2012 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences2012，25，6： | 2 |
| 4 | Fas ligand-induced apoptosis as a mechanism of immune privilege显示文摘 | Griffith T S Brunner T Fletcher S M | | 0，，： | 2 |
| 5 | Rapid method for coextraction of DNA and RNA from natural environments for analysis of ribosomal DNA- and rRNA-based microbial community composition 显示文摘 | Griffiths R I Whiteley A S O'Donnell A G | 2000 | Appl Environ Microb2000，66，12： | 1 |
| 6 | RhoC-GTPase is a novel tissue biomarker associated with biologically aggressive carcinomas of the breast显示文摘 | Kleer C G Griffith K A Sabel M S | 2005 | Breast Cancer Res Treat2005，93，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Time-domain analysis of lossy coupled transmission lines显示文摘 | Griffith J R Nakhla M S | 1990 | IEEE Trans on Microwave Theory and Techniques1990，38，10： | 1 |
| 8 | Combinatorial infection and in vivo recombination:a strategy for making large phage antibody repertoires 显示文摘 | Waterhouse P Griffiths A D Johnson K S | 1993 | Nucleic Acids Research1993，21，： | 1 |
| 9 | Hospital admissions for asthma in preschool children relationship to major roads in Birmingham, United Kingdom显示文摘 | Edwards J Waiters S Griffiths BK | 1994 | Arch Environ Health1994，49，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Fibrinogen concentration and factor VIII activity in women with preeclampsia显示文摘 | Williams VK Griffiths AB Carbone S | 2007 | Hypertens Pregnancy2007，26，： | 1 |
| 11 | Investigation of microinjection moulding:Factors affecting the replication quality显示文摘 | Sha B Dimov S Griffiths C | 2007 | Journal of Materials Processing Technology2007，183，23： | 1 |
| 12 | Functional gene polymorphisms in aggressive and chronic periodontitis 显示文摘 | BRETT P M ZYGOGIANNI P GRIFFITHS G S | 2005 | J Dent Res2005，84，12： | 1 |
| 13 | Investigation of Micro--injection Moulding: Factors Affecting the Replication Quality显示文摘 | Sha B Dimov S Griffiths C | 2007 | Journal of Materials Processing Technology2007，183，23： | 1 |
| 14 | The effect of nitrate-nitrogen on bacteria and the bacterial feeding fauna in the rhizosphere of different grass species 显示文摘 | WELSCHEN R VON ARENDONK J J C M | 1992 | Oecologia1992，91，： | 1 |
| 15 | Ductility components and limits of FRP - plated RC structures 显示文摘 | D J Oehlers M C Griffith M S Mohamed All | 2009 | Construction and Building Materials2009，23，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Isolation of high affinity human antibodies directly from large synthetic repertoires显示文摘 | GRIFFITHS A D WILLIAMS S C HARTLY O | 1994 | EMBO J1994，13，14： | 1 |
| 17 | A clinical effectiveness system- atic review of oral care显示文摘 | Bowsher J Boyle S Griffiths J | 1999 | Nurs Stand1999，13，37： | 1 |
| 18 | Aminimally invasive approach for plate fixation of the proximal humerus显示文摘 | Gardner M J Griffith M H Dines J S | 2004 | Bull Hosp Jt Dis2004，62，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Molecular recognition ofan-giogenesis inhibitors fumagillin and ovalicin by methionineaminopeptidase 2 显示文摘 | Griffith EC Su Z Niwayama S | 1998 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1998，95，15： | 1 |
| 20 | Compar- ison of the quality of protection on elicited by toxoid and peptide liposomal vaccine formulations against riein as as- sessed by markers of inflammation 显示文摘 | GRIFFITHS G D PHILLIPS G J BAILEY S C | 1999 | Vaccine1999，17，： | 1 |
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