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| 1 | Return to sport following tibial plateau fractures: A systematic review显示文摘AIM To systemically review all studies reporting return to sport following tibial plateau fracture, in order to provide information on return rates and times to sport, and to assess variations in sporting outcome for different treatment methods.METHODS A systematic search of CINAHAL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PEDro, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science was performed in January 2017 using the keywords 'tibial', 'plateau', 'fractures', 'knee', 'athletes', 'sports', 'non-operative', 'conservative', 'operative', 'return to sport'. All studies which recorded return rates and times to sport following tibial plateau fractures were included. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included: 1 was a randomised controlled trial, 7 were prospective cohort studies, 16 were retrospective cohort studies, 3 were case series. One study reported on the outcome of conservative management(n = 3); 27 reported on the outcome of surgical management(n = 917). Nine studies reported on Open Reduction Internal Fixation(ORIF)(n = 193), 11 on Arthroscopic-Assisted Reduction Internal Fixation(ARIF)(n = 253) and 7 on Frame-Assisted Fixation(FRAME)(n = 262). All studies recorded 'return to sport'rates. Only one study recorded a 'return to sport' time. The return rate to sport for the total cohort was 70%. For the conservatively-managed fractures, the return rate was 100%. For the surgically-managed fractures, the return rate was 70%. For fractures managed with ORIF, the return rate was 60%. For fractures managed with ARIF, the return rate was 83%. For fractures managed with FRAME was 52%. The return rate for ARIF was found to be significantly greater than that for ORIF(OR 3.22, 95%CI: 2.09-4.97, P < 0.001) and for FRAME(OR 4.33, 95%CI: 2.89-6.50, P < 0.001). No difference was found between the return rates for ORIF and FRAME(OR 1.35, 95%CI: 0.92-1.96, P = 0.122). The recorded return time was 6.9 mo(median), from a study reporting on ORIF.CONCLUSION Return rates to sport for tibial plateau fractures remain limited compared to other fractures. ARIF provides the best return rates. There is limited data regarding return times to sport. Further research is required to determine return times to sport, and to improve return rates to sport, through treatment and rehabilitation optimisation. | Greg A J Robertson Seng J Wong Alexander M Wood | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，7： | 10 |
| 2 | Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours显示文摘 | Irvin M Modlin Kjell Oberg Daniel C Chung Robert T Jensen Wouter W de Herder Rajesh V Thakker Martyn Caplin Gianfranco Delle Fave Greg A Kaltsas Eric P Krenning Steven F Moss Ola Nilsson Guido Rindi Ramon Salazar Philippe Ruszniewski Anders Sundin | 2008 | Lancet Oncology2008，，1： | 8 |
| 3 | Lower limb stress fractures in sport:Optimising their management and outcome显示文摘Stress fractures in sport are becoming increasing more common,comprising up to 10%of all of sporting injuries.Around 90%of such injuries are located in the lower limb.This articles aims to define the optimal management of lower limb stress fractures in the athlete,with a view to maximise return rates and minimise return times to sport.Treatment planning of this condition is specific to the location of the injury.However,there remains a clear division of stress fractures by'high'and'low'risk.'Low risk'stress fractures are those with a low probability of fracture propagation,delayed union,or non-union,and so can be managed reliably with rest and exercise limitation.These include stress fractures of the PosteroMedial Tibial Diaphysis,Metatarsal Shafts,Distal Fibula,Medial Femoral Neck,Femoral Shaft and Calcaneus.'High risk'stress fractures,in contrast,have increased rates of fracture propagation,displacement,delayed and non-union,and so require immediate cessation of activity,with orthopaedic referral,to assess the need for surgical intervention.These include stress fractures of the Anterior Tibial Diaphysis,Fifth Metatarsal Base,Medial Malleolus,Lateral Femoral Neck,Tarsal Navicular and Great Toe Sesamoids.In order to establish the optimal methods for managing these injuries,we present and review the current evidence which guides the treatment of stress fractures in athletes.From this,we note an increased role for surgical management of certain high risk stress fractures to improve return times and rates to sport.Following this,key recommendations are provided for the management of the common stress fracture types seen in the athlete.Five case reports are also presented to illustrate the application of sportfocussed lower limb stress fracture treatment in the clinical setting. | Greg A J Robertson Alexander M Wood | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，3： | 7 |
| 4 | Osteopontin: a leading candidate adhesion molecule for implantation in pigs and sheep显示文摘Osteopontin(OPN; also known as Secreted Phosphoprotein 1, SPP1) is a secreted extra-cellular matrix(ECM) protein that binds to a variety of cell surface integrins to stimulate cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion and communication. It is generally accepted that OPN interacts with apically expressed integrin receptors on the uterine luminal epithelium(LE)and conceptus trophectoderm to attach the conceptus to the uterus for implantation. Research conducted with pigs and sheep has significantly advanced understanding of the role(s) of OPN during implantation through exploitation of the prolonged peri-implantation period of pregnancy when elongating conceptuses are free within the uterine lumen requiring extensive paracrine signaling between conceptus and endometrium. This is followed by a protracted and incremental attachment cascade of trophectoderm to uterine LE during implantation, and development of a true epitheliochorial or synepitheliochorial placenta exhibited by pigs and sheep, respectively. In pigs, implanting conceptuses secrete estrogens which induce the synthesis and secretion of OPN in adjacent uterine LE. OPN then binds to αvβ6 integrin receptors on trophectoderm, and the αvβ3 integrin receptors on uterine LE to bridge conceptus attachment to uterine LE for implantation. In sheep, implanting conceptuses secrete interferon tau that prolongs the lifespan of CL. Progesterone released by CL then induces OPN synthesis and secretion from the endometrial GE into the uterine lumen where OPN binds integrins expressed on trophectoderm(αvβ3) and uterine LE(identity of specific integrins unknown) to adhere the conceptus to the uterus for implantation. OPN binding to the αvβ3 integrin receptor on ovine trophectoderm cells induces in vitro focal adhesion assembly, a prerequisite for adhesion and migration of trophectoderm, through activation of: 1) P70S6 K via crosstalk between FRAP1/MTOR and MAPK pathways; 2) MTOR,PI3 K, MAPK3/MAPK1(Erk1/2) and MAPK14(p38) signaling to stimulate trohectoderm cell migration; and 3) focal adhesion assembly and myosin II motor activity to induce migration of trophectoderm cells. Further large in vivo focal adhesions assemble at the uterine-placental interface of both pigs and sheep and identify the involvement of sizable mechanical forces at this interface during discrete periods of trophoblast migration, attachment and placentation in both species. | Greg A Johnson Robert C Burghardt Fuller W Bazer | 2015 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2015，6，2： | 4 |
| 5 | Synthesis, characterization, and direct observation of star microgels 显示文摘 | Paul A Greg G David H | 2003 | Macromolecules2003，36，15： | 1 |
| 6 | Campbell development of automatic, continuous partial discharge monitoring systems to detect motor and generator partial discharges显示文摘 | Greg C Stone Blake A Lloyd Steve R | 1997 | IEEE1997，，2： | 1 |
| 7 | The State of the States: Quality Counts显示文摘 | MEYER LORI ORLOFSKY GREG F SKINNER RONALD A SP1CER SCOTT | 2002 | Education Week2002，21，17： | 1 |
| 8 | Production of surfactant from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 using potato substrates显示文摘 | SANDRA L F GREG A B | 2000 | Bioresource Technology2000，75，： | 1 |
| 9 | Experimental verifica- tion for stability improvement of sensorless vector control system of induction motor using real-time tuning of ob- server gain显示文摘 | Kazuhiro O Teruo H Greg A | 2009 | Electrical Engineering in Japan2009，166，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Relationship between intercepted radiation,net photosynthesis,respiration,and rate of stem volume growth of Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii stands of different densities显示文摘 | RODNEY E W GREG A B E COLTER B | 2001 | For Ecol Manage2001，154，： | 1 |
| 11 | Mechanical failures of intramedullary tibial nails applied without reaming显示文摘 | James J Huston MD Greg A | 1995 | Clin Orthop1995，315，： | 1 |
| 12 | ‘ Rocky Mountain leather', sepiolite and attapulgite--an infrared emission spectroscopic study显示文摘 | Ray L Frost Greg A Cash J Theo Kloprogge | 1998 | Vibrational Spectrosc1998，16，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Quantitative trait loci influencing honeybee alarm pheromone levels 显示文摘 | Greg J Hunt A M Collins R Rivera | 1999 | Journal of Heredity1999，90，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Interferon-τ and progesterone regulate ubiqitin cross-reactive protein expression in the ovine uterus显示文摘 | Greg A Johnson | 2000 | Biology of Reproduction2000，62，： | 1 |
| 15 | Quorum-sensing control of biofilm factors in staphylococcus epidermidis显示文摘 | Cuong Vuong Christiane Gerke Greg A Somerville | 2003 | The Journal of Infectious Diseases2003，188，： | 1 |
| 16 | Wafer levelpackaging of tape flip-chip scale packages显示文摘 | Greg H Gonzalo A Darvin E | 2001 | Micro-electronics Reliability2001，41，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Expression of the interferon-τ inducible ubiquitin-reactive protein in the bovine uterus显示文摘 | Greg A Johnson | 1999 | Biology of Reproduetion1999，61，： | 1 |
| 18 | Non - attendance in general practice : a systematic review and its implications for access to primary health care显示文摘 | George A Greg R | 2003 | Fami- ly Practice2003，20，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours显示文摘 | Irvin M Modlin Kjell Oberg Daniel C Chung Robert T Jensen Wouter W de Herder Rajesh V Thakker Martyn Caplin Gianfranco Delle Fave Greg A Kaltsas Eric P Krenning Steven F Moss Ola Nilsson Guido Rindi Ramon Salazar Philippe Ruszniewski Anders Sundin | 2008 | Lancet Oncology2008，，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Relationship between intercepted radiation, net photosynthesis, respiration, and rate of stem volume growth of Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii stands of different densities显示文摘 | Rodney E Will Greg A Barron E Colter Burkes | 2001 | For Ecol Man ag2001，，154： | 1 |
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