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| 1 | The effects of Spirulina on anemia and immune function in senior citizens显示文摘Anemia and immunological dysfunction(i.e.immunosenescence)are commonly found in older subjects and nutritional approaches are sought to counteract these phenomena.Spirulina is a filamentous and multicellular bule-green alga capable of reducing inflammation and also manifesting antioxidant effects.We hypothesized that Spirulina may ameliorate anemia and immunosenescence in senior citizens with a history of anemia.We enrolled 40 volunteers of both sexes with an age of 50 years or older who had no history of major chronic diseases.Participants took a Spirulina supplementation for 12 weeks and were administered comprehensive dietary questionnaires to determine their nutritional regimen during the study.Complete cell count(CCC)and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)enzyme activity,as a sign of immune function,were determined at baseline and weeks 6 and 12 of supplementation.Thirty study participants completed the entire study and the data obtained were analyzed.Over the 12-week study period,there was a steady increase in average values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin in subjects of both sexes.In addition,mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration also increased in male participants.Older women appeared to benefit more rapidly from Spirulina supplements.Similarly,the majority of subjects manifested increased IDO activity and white blood cell count at 6 and 12 weeks of Spirulina supplementation.Spirulina may ameliorate anemia and immunosenescence in older subjects.We encourage large human studies to determine whether this safe supplement could prove beneficial in randomized clinical trials. | Carlo Selmi Patrick SC Leung Laura Fischer Bruce German Chen-Yen Yang Thomas P Kenny Gerry R Cysewski M Eric Gershwin | 2011 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2011，8，3： | 2 |
| 2 | Belief-desire reasoning as a process of selection显示文摘 | Leslie AM German TP Pollizi P | 2005 | Cogn Psychol2005，50，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Children's use of counterfactual thinking in causal reasoning显示文摘 | Harris P German T Mills P | 1996 | Cognition1996，61，3： | 1 |
| 4 | The Rainbow hydrothermal plume, 36°1S'N, MAR显示文摘 | German C Klinkhammer C P Rudnicki M D | 1996 | Geophysical Re- search Letters1996，23，21： | 1 |
| 5 | Mechanical Properties of Molybdenum Alloyed Liquid Phase Sintered Tungsten Based Composites显示文摘 | Kemp P B German R M | 1995 | Metallurgical Materials Transaction (A)1995，26，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Hydrothermal scavenging of rare earthelements in the ocean 显示文摘 | German C R Klinkhammer G P Edmond J M Mura A Elderfield H | 1990 | Nature1990，345，： | 1 |
| 7 | Mechanical properties of molybde- num alloyed liquid phase sintered tungsten based eoraposites显示文摘 | Kemp P B German R M | 1995 | Metallurgical Materials Transaction: A1995，26，8： | 1 |
| 8 | Reasoning about Systems with Many Processes 显示文摘 | S German A P Sistla | 1992 | Journal of the ACM (S0004-5411)1992，39，： | 1 |
| 9 | The Rainbow hydrothermal plume, 36° 15' N, MAR 显示文摘 | German C Klinkhammer C P Rudnicki M D | 1996 | Geophysical Research Letters1996，23，21： | 1 |
| 10 | Systemic complement depletion inhibits experimental cerebral vasospasm 显示文摘 | German JW Gross CE Giclas P | 1996 | Neurosu- rgery1996，39，： | 1 |
| 11 | Centrosome abnormalities and chromosome instability occur together in pre-invasive carcinomas显示文摘 | German A P Jan W Yening Z | 2003 | Cancer Res2003，63，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Testing community velocity models for southern california using the ambient seismic field显示文摘 | Shuo M German A P Gregory C B | 2008 | Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America2008，98，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Effects of alcohol septal ablation on coronary micro- vascular function and myocardial energetics in hyper- trophic obstructive cardiomyopathy 显示文摘 | TIMMER S A KNAAPEN P GERMANS T | 2011 | Am J PhysiolHeart CircPhysiol2011，301，： | 1 |
| 14 | Clinical pharmacology of artemisininbased combination therapies显示文摘 | German P I Aweeka F T | 2008 | Clin Pharmacokinet2008，47，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Review:liquid phase sintering显示文摘 | GERMAN R M SURI P PARK S J | 2009 | Journal of Materials Science2009，44，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Intra-arterially administered papaverine for the treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm显示文摘 | Polin RS Hansen CA German P | 1998 | Neurosurgery1998，42，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Design and cold model testing of a biomass g asifier consisting of two inter connected fluidized beds 显示文摘 | Foscolo P U German A Jand N | 2007 | Powder Technology2007，173，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Urban trafficsignal control using reinforcement learning agents显示文摘 | BALAJI P G GERMAN X SRINIVASAN D | 2010 | IETIntelligent Transport Systems2010，4，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Liquid-phase-sintered tungsten heavy alloys: development of microstructure during densification显示文摘 | German R M Shen J W Campbell L G Suri P | 2005 | Int J Powder Metall2005，41，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Systemic complement depletion inhibits experimental cerebral vasospasm 显示文摘 | German JW Gross CE Giclas P | 1996 | Neurosurg1996，39，1： | 1 |
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