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| 1 | 中国石笋古气候研究的回顾与展望显示文摘石笋是洞穴次生碳酸盐的一种,是由含Ca2+和HCO3的洞穴滴水滴到洞穴地面后,水中碳酸钙在一定条件下过饱和析出,经年复一年沉积形成.石笋是古气候研究的重要地质材料之一,其优势在于空间分布广、适合UTh和U-Pb精确定年、气候代用指标丰富、记录较连续、时间跨度较大、相互对比性强和采样成本低等.以上有利因素使得洞穴石笋在全球气候变化研究领域有着不可替代的重要作用.石笋古气候研究于20世纪60~70年代在欧美等西方国家起步,中国的相关研究是在改革开放后80~90年代中期逐步发展起来的.这一时期虽然总体研究水平与国际水平有较大差距,但打下了良好的研究基础、培养了多个人才队伍.进入21世纪,以2001年发表南京葫芦洞石笋记录为起点,中国石笋古气候研究在开放合作的基础上,迎来了蓬勃发展和真正意义上的飞跃,产生了重大国际影响,在多个相关技术和研究领域迈向了国际前沿.标志性成果包括建立了目前世界最长的东亚季风(64万年)石笋记录,以及印度季风(28万年)、南美季风(25万年)、北美西风区(33万年)、中亚西风带(13.5万年)和中国西部西风带(50万年)最长的石笋记录,奠定了这些气候系统石笋古气候研究的里程碑;揭示了轨道-亚轨道尺度上亚洲季风与太阳辐射、南-北极地气候变化的关联,以及与南美季风的反相位关系,为发展轨道-亚轨道气候变化理论提供了新的内涵和证据;阐述了亚洲季风与西风带气候模态之间的耦合和分异关系;精细刻画了全新世亚洲季风变化历史、提供了中国和印度文明-文化演化的水文气候变化背景;建立了大量的2000年以来的高分辨率石笋记录,对理解短尺度气候变率、幅度、事件、周期及预测未来气候变化具有重要意义;改进或发展了包括U-Th测年技术在内的多项重要技术和新的水文气候学指标;为精准重建大气14C做出了重要贡献.展望未来,中国石笋界将继续发展关键技术、进一步厘清石笋指标的水文气候学意义、注重与相关学科的融合交叉、聚焦全球气候变化的前沿科学问题和重大社会需求,做出新的更大的科学贡献. | 程海 张海伟 赵景耀 李瀚瑛 宁有丰 Gayatri KATHAYAT | 2019 | 中国科学:地球科学2019，49，10： | 41 |
| 2 | Use of antibiotics in broiler production:Global impacts and alternatives显示文摘Antibiotics are used to fight bacterial infections.However, a selective pressure gave rise to bacteria resistant to antibiotics.This leaves scientists worried about the danger to human and animal health.Some strategies can be borrowed to reduce the use of antibiotics in chicken farms.Much research has been carried out to look for natural agents with similar beneficial effects of growth promoters.The aim of these alternatives is to maintain a low mortality rate, a good level of animal yield while preserving environment and consumer health.Among these, the most popular are probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes,organic acids, immunostimulants, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, phytogenic feed additives, phytoncides,nanoparticles and essential oils. | Youcef Mehdi Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Lou Gaucher Younes Chorfi Gayatri Suresh Tarek Rouissi Satinder Kaur Brar Caroline Cté Antonio Avalos Ramirez Stéphane Godbout | 2018 | Animal Nutrition2018，，2： | 19 |
| 3 | 氧化磷酸化与糖酵解:精子以何种途径获取能量?显示文摘精子为高度特异性的细胞,提供精子重要功能的主要能源一一三磷酸腺苷(ATP)主要通过两种代谢途径形成,即糖酵解和氧化磷酸化(OXPHOS)。ATP除了在精子的头部和鞭毛的主段通过糖酵解的方式产生外,在线粒体主要通过OXPHOS的方式产生。然而,在精子成功受精的过程中主要以何种方式产生ATP具有很大的差异性。与糖酵解相比,线粒体呼吸被认为是一种更有效的ATP合成代谢过程。然而,研究表明ATP从线粒体到精子鞭毛末端的扩散电位不足以支持精子的运动,这表明糖酵解是精子尾部区域主要的获能方式。多项研究表明虽然糖酵解是鞭毛产生ATP的主要方式,但是,精子运动所需要的能量主要还是来自于线粒体的呼吸。有些研究表明当糖酵解受到抑制的时候,精子仍能维持其正常的运动和功能,虽然目前尚未明确这种运动是否能持续足够长的时间,是否能够达到有效受精。本文主要目的是对哺乳动物精子能量的代谢进行综述,分析人类精子在受精的过程中以何种ATP代谢途径作为主要的能量供应方式。 | Stefan S du Plessis Ashok Agarwal Gayatri Mohanty Michelle van der Linde | 2015 | Asian Journal of Andrology2015，17，2： | 19 |
| 4 | Chinese stalagmite paleoclimate researches: A review and perspective显示文摘Stalagmite is one kind of secondary carbonates formed in limestone caves(speleothem). After cave water droplets containing Ca2+and HCO3 drip onto floor, carbonate in the water might become supersaturated due to CO2 degassing under certain conditions, resulting in the formation of stalagmite in a process year after year. Stalagmite is one of important geological archives for paleoclimate research. The advantages include wide spatial distribution, suitable for U-Th and U-Pb dating, enriched in climate proxies, continuity, long time span, comparability and lower sampling cost etc. These factors have propelled stalagmite paleoclimate research to the forefront of global paleoclimatology with an irreplaceable role. The stalagmite paleoclimate study started in the western countries, mainly in Europe and America in 1960 s–1970 s, while the relevant research in China was progressively developed in the 1980 s–1990 s after the Reform and Opening up. Although there was a huge gap between the overall research level in China and western countries, a solid research foundation, as well as a number of talent teams were established during the period. In the 21 st century, starting from the publication of stalagmite records from Hulu Cave in Nanjing in 2001, the stalagmite paleoclimate research in China has ushered in a flourishing development and a real leap on the basis of international cooperation, resulting in significant international impacts. The landmark achievements, including establishment of the world’s longest(640000 years) East Asian monsoon stalagmite record, as well as the longest Indian monsoon(280000 years),South American monsoon(250000 years), North American westerly climate(330000 years), Central Asian westerly climate(135000 years), and northwestern China westerly climate(500000 years), have laid a milestone in the paleoclimate study in these climate domains. Importantly, these stalagmite records have revealed the relationship of Asian monsoon variations with solar insolation climate change in polar regions, and the South American monsoon changes on orbital-suborbital timescales, which have provided new geological observations for the development of orbital-suborbital climate theory;elaborated coupling and differentiation relationships between the Asian monsoon and the westerly climate;reconstructed the history of Asian monsoon changes in the Holocene in detail, and thus the hydrological and climate variances behind Chinese and Indian civilizationcultural evolutions. Furthermore, a large number of high-resolution stalagmite records over the past 2000 years have been reconstructed, which are important for understanding short-term climate variability and magnitude, events, cycles, and thus the future climate projection. The achievements have also involved the improvements of a number of important techniques, such as U-Th dating method, the establishments of various hydroclimatic proxies, as well as the contributions to the reconstruction of the atmosphere14C variation history over the past ~54000 years. On the perspective of the future, the Chinese stalagmite community should continue to develop key techniques, further clarify the hydroclimatic significance of stalagmite proxies, impel the integration of related disciplines, and concentrate on key scientific issues in global climate change and major social demands. | Hai CHENG Haiwei ZHANG Jingyao ZHAO Hanying LI Youfeng NING Gayatri KATHAYAT | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，10： | 17 |
| 5 | 赣北石笋记录的新仙女木事件显示文摘新仙女木事件(Younger Dryas,简称YD)是末次冰消期升温过程中发生的一次北半球急剧降温事件,目前全球范围多个地区的地质记录中均有发现该事件的印记.然而,受限于定年误差或采样分辨率等因素,关于YD事件的精确起止时间、精细内部结构和触发机制仍存在争议.本研究利用江西北部神农宫溶洞内一支文石石笋SN29(总长度426 mm,其中距离顶部220~388 mm用于本研究),通过高精度 230Th定年和氧、碳稳定同位素测试分析,建立了13614~10811 a B. P.期间平均分辨率12年的石笋氧同位素(δ18O)变化序列.该记录最为显著的特征是δ18O值在12851~11575 a B. P.时段偏正1. 7‰,指示了一次显著的弱季风突变事件,响应于北大西洋YD事件. SN29为高铀含量文石石笋且生长速率较快,精确界定了响应于YD事件的东亚弱季风事件的起止时间和精细内部结构.结果表明: YD期间, SN29记录的东亚弱夏季风事件的开始时间为 12851±16 a B. P.,经历了约249年;结束过程开始于11575±19 a B. P.,经历了约146年;整个YD弱季风事件共持续了 1276±35年.东亚季风区各石笋δ18O记录的YD弱季风事件在误差范围内基本一致,且与格陵兰冰芯δ18O记录和低纬度其他记录的发生时间一致,支持YD时期东亚夏季风减弱事件可能是对大量淡水进入北大西洋导致径向翻转流减弱、北半球变冷、ITCZ南移的快速响应的假说. | 张海伟 程海 蔡演军 Kathayat Gayatri 宁有丰 Edwards R Lawrence 孟秉霖 | 2019 | 第四纪研究2019，39，4： | 12 |
| 6 | Unusual disposition of lateral circumflex femoral artery: Anatomical description and clinical implications显示文摘The anatomical knowledge of arterial variations of lower limb is of utmost significance for the present day surgeons and interventional radiologists for minimizing complications during vascular reconstructive procedures, catheterization procedures and surgical intervention for embolism. Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery(LCFA) isan important branch of Profunda Femoris artery and precise knowledge of its variations can be of great relevance during surgical and radiological procedures in femoral region. The present study reports a unique case of anomalous route taken by LCFA posterior to femoral nerve associated with a prominent muscular branch from Femoral artery mimicking the course of LCFA. Documentation of such variations is highly significant. It may serve as guideline for surgeons in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications where LCFA is used as a long vascular pedicle in anterolateral perforator thigh flap and in breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Ignorance of such variations can lead to fatal intraoperative haemorrhage and incapacitating sensory and motor deficit due to injury to femoral nerve branches which are closely related to these vessels. | Shivi Goel Jyoti Arora Vandana Mehta Mona Sharma Rajesh Kumar Suri Gayatri Rath | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2015，3，1： | 11 |
| 7 | Molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in rice显示文摘Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses which impose constraints to plant growth and production.Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is one of the most important staple food crops and a model monocot plant.Its production is expanding into regions that are affected by soil salinity,requiring cultivars more tolerant to saline conditions.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of such tolerance could lay a foundation for varietal improvement of salt tolerance in rice.In spite of extensive studies exploring the mechanism of salt tolerance,there has been limited progress in breeding for increased salinity tolerance.In this review,we summarize the information about the major molecular mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance in rice and further discuss the limitations in breeding for salinity tolerance.We show that numerous gene families and interaction networks are involved in the regulation of rice responses to salinity,prompting a need for a comprehensive functional analysis.We also show that most studies are based on whole-plant level analyses with only a few reports focused on tissue-and/or cell-specific gene expression.More details of salt-responsive channel and transporter activities at tissue-and cell-specific level still need to be documented before these traits can be incorporated into elite rice germplasm.Thus,future studies should focus on diversity of available genetic resources and,particular,wild rice relatives,to reincorporate salinity tolerance traits lost during domestication. | Tianxiao Chen Sergey Shabala Yanan Niu Zhong-Hua Chen Lana Shabala Holger Meinke Gayatri Venkataraman Ashwani Pareek Jianlong Xu Meixue Zhou | 2021 | The Crop Journal2021，9，3： | 11 |
| 8 | 欧-亚-非大陆季风:超级大陆与超级季风的雏形显示文摘欧洲-亚洲-非洲大陆聚集在一起,占地球陆地面积的一半以上(约56%),整体上可以近似看作是超级大陆的'雏形';相应地,广泛分布的亚洲-非洲季风-干旱气候系统也可以近似为超级季风-干旱系统的'雏形'。对这一巨大气候体系的研究不仅本身有十分重要的理论和实际意义,同时也能够为研究潘基亚超级大陆-超级季风系统及其演化提供现代或第四纪的'相似型'。晚更新世-全新世地质记录和气候模拟结果表明亚洲-非洲夏季风气候变化主要响应北半球夏季太阳辐射变化;南北半球季风变化在岁差尺度上的相位关系近于相反;西风环流影响下的中亚干旱-半干旱区气候变化在岁差尺度上与亚洲季风也接近同相位变化;亚洲-非洲季风-干旱气候系统的这些变化在岁差尺度上领先于全球冰量的变化。总体上,似乎可以提出这样一种假说:受到地球轨道偏心率幅度调谐的太阳辐射在岁差尺度的周期波动可能是季风-干旱气候在轨道尺度上的主导'韵律',包括潘基亚超级大陆季风气候在轨道尺度上的变化。第四纪欧洲-亚洲-非洲'超级大陆'及其季风-干旱系统本质上与潘基亚超级大陆的季风-干旱系统有着一定程度的相似性,因此研究前者是理解后者(所谓将今论古)的重要途径之一,对解译深时'碎片'化的地质记录有实际意义。 | 程海 李瀚瑛 张旭 张海伟 易亮 蔡演军 胡永云 石正国 彭友兵 赵景耀 Gayatri Kathayat Ashish Sinha | 2020 | 第四纪研究2020，40，6： | 10 |
| 9 | 石笋记录的印度季风Heinrich 2事件结束过程显示文摘H2事件是发生于末次冰盛期的一次显著的气候突变事件,对理解千年气候事件和内部机制具有重要意义.然而,目前具有高精度和精确定年的H2事件气候记录依然很少,这在很大程度上限制了对H2事件起止时间、内部细节和触发机制的进一步研究.本研究基于印度东北部乞拉朋齐洞(Cherrapunji Cave)具有年纹层的石笋CHE-2 (总长940 mm)的21个U-Th年代、 2701条纹层的计数和259个δ18O数据,重建了25. 50~24. 76 ka B. P.和24. 38~22. 42 ka B. P.(99. 5~437. 0 mm样品段)期间石笋δ18O的高分辨率(24. 38~23. 08 ka B. P.时段平均分辨率8年,其他时段平均分辨率14年)、精确时间序列,刻画了印度东北部地区H2事件的结束过程和精细结构.研究表明,乞拉朋齐洞石笋记录的H2事件结束时段为 24. 280±0. 028~23. 436±0. 028 ka B. P.,共持续 844±3年,振幅约为1. 9‰,事件发生时间在误差范围内与东亚季风区石笋记录和格陵兰冰芯记录同步,在此期间,δ18O记录呈现了两次负偏过程(24. 28~24. 17 ka B. P.和23. 90~23. 44 ka B. P.)和一段相对稳定过程(24. 17~23. 90 ka B. P.),叠加了多个百年-十年际尺度的气候振荡.本研究得到的高分辨率δ18O精确时间序列对于改善气候模型和检验气候事件假说有一定意义.从亚洲季风区与高纬地区同时段H2事件记录的对比来看,其发生机制可能主要包括以下几个方面: 1)淡水注入北大西洋导致AMOC减弱,北高纬温度降低,推动ITCZ南移;北高纬温度变化的信号通过西风带和蒙古冷高压传递到亚洲季风区,从而影响亚洲夏季风;2)H2事件结束过程可能受到南极缓慢变暖的影响;3)低纬和青藏高原的变化也可能对H2事件产生复杂的影响.这些依然有待更多的高分辨率记录和气候模拟结果的进一步验证. | 董西瑀 程海 Kathayat Gayatri 张帆 李瀚瑛 张海伟 赵景耀 宁有丰 李向磊 成星 曲晓丽 | 2019 | 第四纪研究2019，39，4： | 8 |
| 10 | Endoscopic appearance of esophageal hematomas显示文摘INTRODUCTIONEsophageal hematomas develop from the dissectionof the mucosa from the muscular layers of theesophageal wall and represent an uncommoncondition affecting all ages.Although the mostcommon cause of esophageal hematomas isiatrogenic mechanical injury-induced by prolongednasogastric intubation,difficult or forcefulendoscopic intubation,or the result of | Rodica Ouatu-Lascar Gayatri Bharadhwaj George Triadafilopoulos | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，2： | 5 |
| 11 | Prenatal diagnosis of isolated interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation to superior vena cava显示文摘 | Do Thi Giang Gayatri Rajeesh Balu Vaidyanathan | 2014 | Annals of Pediatric Cardiology2014，，1： | 2 |
| 12 | Pancreatic paraganglioma: An extremely rare entity and crucial role of immunohistochemistry for diagnosis显示文摘 | Mondita Borgohain Gayatri Gogoi Dipak Das Manjusha Biswas | 2013 | Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism2013，，5： | 2 |
| 13 | Clinical profile and outcomes of pediatric endogenous endophthalmitis: A report of 11 cases from South India显示文摘AIM To study the clinical profile and outcomes of pediatric endogenous endophthalmitis from a tertiary eye hospital in South India.METHODS A total of 13 eyes of 11 children presented to us with varied symptoms and presentations of endogenous endophthalmitis, over a five-year period from January 2010 to December 2015 were studied. Except for two eyes of a patient, vitreous aspirates were cultured from all 11 eyes to isolate the causative organism. These eleven eyes also received intravitreal injections. All patients were treated with systemic antibiotics. RESULTS Two cases had bilateral endophthalmitis. Ages ranged from 4 d to 11 years. Five cases were undiagnosed and treated, before being referred to our center. Ten of the 13 eyes underwent a core vitrectomy. The vitrectomy was done at an average on the second day after presenting(range 0-20 d). Five of the 11 vitreous aspirates showed isolates. The incriminating organisms were bacteria in three and fungus in two. An underlying predisposing factor was found in seven patients. At a mean follow-up 21.5 mo, outcome was good in 7 eyes of 6 cases(54%), five eyes of four cases(38%) ended up with phthisis bulbi while one child died of systemic complications. CONCLUSION Endogenous endophthalmitis is a challenge for ophtha-lmologists. Early diagnosis and intervention is the key for a better outcome. | Gayatri Murugan Parag K Shah Venkatapathy Narendran | 2016 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2016，5，4： | 2 |
| 14 | Measurement of copy number variation in single cancer cells using rapid-emulsification digital droplet MDA显示文摘Uniform amplification of low-input DNA is important for applications across biology,including single-cell genomics,forensic science,and microbial and viral sequencing.However,the requisite biochemical amplification methods are prone to bias,skewing sequence proportions and obscuring signals relating to copy number.Digital droplet multiple displacement amplification enables uniform amplification but requires expert knowledge of microfluidics to generate monodisperse emulsions.In addition,existing microfluidic methods are tedious and labor intensive for preparing many samples.Here,we introduce rapid-emulsification multiple displacement amplification,a method to generate monodisperse droplets with a hand-held syringe and hierarchical droplet splitter.Although conventional microfluidic devices require >10 min to emulsify a sample,our system requires tens of seconds and yields data of equivalent quality.We demonstrate the approach by using it to accurately measure copy number variation(CNV)in single cancer cells. | Samuel C.Kim Gayatri Premasekharan Iain C.Clark Hawi B.Gemeda Pamela L.Paris Adam R.Abate | 2017 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering2017，3，1： | 2 |
| 15 | Phantom bite syndrome:Revelation from clinically focused review显示文摘Phantom bite syndrome(PBS),also called occlusal dysesthesia,is characterized by persistent non-verifiable occlusal discrepancies.Such erroneous and unshakable belief of a“wrong bite”might impel patients to visit multiple dental clinics to meet their requirements to their satisfaction.Subsequently,it takes a toll on their quality of life causing,career disruption,financial loss and suicidal thoughts.In general,patients with PBS are quite rare but distinguishable if ever encountered.Since Marbach reported the first two cases in 1976,there have been dozens of published cases regarding this phenomenon,but only a few original studies were conducted.Despite the lack of official classification and guidelines,many authors agreed on the existence of a PBS“consistent pattern”that clinicians should be made aware.Nevertheless,the treatment approach has been solely based on incomplete knowledge of etiology,in which none of the proposed theories are fully explained in all the available cases.In this review,we have discussed the critical role of enhancing dental professionals’awareness of this phenomenon and suggested a comprehensive approach for PBS,provided by a multidisciplinary team of dentists,psychiatrists and exclusive psychotherapists. | Trang Thi Huyen Tu Motoko Watanabe Gayatri Krishnakumar Nayanar Yojiro Umezaki Haruhiko Motomura Yusuke Sato Akira Toyofuku | 2021 | World Journal of Psychiatry2021，11，11： | 2 |
| 16 | Click chemistry: studies on the synthesis of novel fluorous tagged triazo1-4 -yl substituted quinazoline derivatives and their biological evalua- tion-theoretical and experimental validation显示文摘 | Chandrika P M Yakaiah T Gayatri G | 2010 | Eur J Med Chem2010，45，： | 1 |
| 17 | Removal of dyes from aqueous solutions by cellulosic waste orange peel显示文摘 | Namasivayam C Muniasamy N Gayatri K | 1996 | Bioresource Technology1996，57，： | 1 |
| 18 | Questions on Translation: Adrift 显示文摘 | Spivak Gayatri C | 2001 | Public Culture2001，13，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Looking back, to the future of circulating tumor cells显示文摘 | Terence W. Friedlander Gayatri Premasekharan Pamela L. Paris | 2013 | Pharmacology and Therapeutics2013，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Aggravation of epilepsy by anti-epileptic drugs显示文摘 | Gayatri NA Livingston JH | 2006 | Dev Meal Child Neurol2006，48，5： | 1 |
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