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| 1 | 山楂黄酮提取物的抗氧化活性和对癌细胞生长抑制作用显示文摘目的:研究山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge)黄酮提取物的抗氧化能力以及对人肝癌Hep-G2细胞和人肠癌Caco-2细胞生长抑制作用。方法:比较测定总黄酮含量的直接法和两种铝盐显色法,进一步采用硝酸铝盐显色法测定提取物总黄酮含量,ABTS法和DPPH法分析提取物的抗氧化活性,MTT法评价山楂黄酮提取物对细胞生长的抑制效果。结果:山楂黄酮提取物中黄酮含量占干质量的98%,清除ABTS和DPPH自由基的能力随提取物剂量的增加而升高,EC50分别为88μg/mL和112μg/mL,而标准品Trolox的EC50清除ABTS和DPPH自由基的能力分别为111μg/mL和118μg/mL。山楂黄酮提取物能够有效地抑制癌细胞的生长,且对Hep-G2细胞的抑制效果更强,Hep-G2细胞和Caco-2细胞的IC50分别约为115μg/mL和376μg/mL。结论:山楂黄酮提取物黄酮含量高,抗氧化能力强,有抑制癌细胞的作用,是一种有效的天然抗氧化剂。 | 柳嘉 David Glen POPOVICH 景浩 | 2010 | 食品科学2010，31，3： | 28 |
| 2 | Modern management of rectal cancer: A 2006 update显示文摘The goal of this review is to outline some of the important surgical issues surrounding the management of patients with early (T1/T2 and NO), as well as locally advanced (T3/T4 and/or N1) rectal cancer. Surgery for rectal cancer continues to develop towards the ultimate goals of improved local control and overall survival, maintaining quality of life, and preserving sphincter, genitourinary, and sexual function. Information concerning the depth of tumor penetration through the rectal wall, lymph node involvement, and presence of distant metastatic disease is of crucial importance when planning a curative rectal cancer resection. Preoperative staging is used to determine the indication for neoadjuvant therapy as well as the indication for local excision versus radical cancer resection. Local excision is likely to be curative in most patients with a primary tumor which is limited to the submucosa (T1N0M0), without high-risk features and in the absence of metastatic disease. In appropriate patients, minimally invasive procedures, such as local excision, TEM, and laparoscopic resection allow for improved patient comfort, shorter hospital stays, and earlier return to preoperative activity level. Once the tumor invades the muscularis propria (T2), radical rectal resection in acceptable operative candidates is recommended. In patients with transmural and/or node positive disease (T3/T4 and/or N1) with no distant metastases, preoperative chemoradiation followed by radical resection according to the principles of TME has become widely accepted. During the planning and conduct of a radical operation for a locally advanced rectal cancer, a number of surgical management issues are considered, including: (1) total mesorectal excision (TME); (2) autonomic nerve preservation (ANP); (3) circumferential resection margin (CRM); (4) distal resection margin; (5) sphincter preservation and options for restoration of bowel continuity; (6) laparoscopic approaches; and (7) postoperative quality of life. | Glen C Balch Alex De Meo Jose G Guillem | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，20： | 26 |
| 3 | 综合生命周期分析在可持续消费研究中的应用显示文摘1992年联合国提出可持续消费的概念,经过10几年的发展,生命周期分析已经成为可持续消费的主要研究方法。由于传统生命周期分析方法需要大量基础数据支持,因此目前综合生命周期分析方法被广泛应用于可持续消费研究中。以1997年中国投入产出表为基础,建立了包括CO2排放量的投入产出表延长表。并对居民终端消费产生的CO2排放总量及其与产业部门的关系进行了分析。结果表明,1997年城市居民终端消费人均CO2排放量为1576.62kg,是农村居民CO2排放量的24.96倍,城市居民每个单位货币消费量所产生的CO2的排放量也远远高于农村居民,电力生产部门对居民消费环境影响的贡献率最大。对该方法中存在的一些问题进行了讨论,这些问题主要产生在价值量与物理量转换过程及分配过程中。 | 刘晶茹 Glen P.Peters 王如松 杨建新 | 2007 | 生态学报2007，27，12： | 25 |
| 4 | 定量CT与MR mDixon-quant测量肝脏脂肪含量的相关性研究显示文摘目的:比较、分析定量CT(QCT)和MR mDixon-quant对健康人群肝脏脂肪含量测量结果的一致性和相关性。方法:对21位男性和32位女性健康社区居民进行腹部QCT和MR mDixon-quant扫描,QCT分别采用标准计算公式(测量结果记为Fat%QI)和校正后的计算公式(测量结果记为Fat%QR)测量肝脏脂肪含量,并采用MR mDixon-quant测量肝脏脂肪分数(测量结果记为Fat%mD)。比较男、女两组之间的肝脏脂肪含量的测量结果有无差异,比较总体样本QCT与MR mDixon-quant测量结果之间的一致性,并计算相关性系数。结果:QCT及MR mDixon-quant的测量结果均显示,男性与女性的肝脏脂肪含量差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。总体样本的Fat%QI和Fat%QR分别为(-0.09%±4.88%)和(8.66%±4.41%),Fat%QI显著低于Fat%mD(P<0.01),平均差值为(-6.42%±2.44%),而Fat%QR显著高于Fat%mD(P<0.01),平均差值为(2.33%±2.36%)。Fat%QI、Fat%mD的相关程度(r=0.708,P<0.01)与Fat%QR、Fat%mD的相关程度(r=0.707,P<0.01)近似。结论:与MR mDixon-quant的测量结果相比,使用重新校正的计算公式的QCT能够准确测量中国健康人群的肝脏脂肪含量。 | 徐黎 Glen MBlake 过哲 张晨鑫 王晓红 程晓光 | 2017 | 放射学实践2017，32，5： | 20 |
| 5 | 中国城市污水处理的瓶颈、缘由及可能的解决方案显示文摘自20世纪90年代以来,中国在城市污水收集与处理方面取得了很大的进步.但是,源自于独特污水水质特征,中国城市污水处理效率的改善仍然面临瓶颈.该文着重比较了中国和其他国家的城市污水处理在能量回收、氮磷营养物去除和污泥产率方面的差异,并在资料支撑的理论分析基础上,揭示了因为下水道渗漏、化粪池设置等因素导致的中国城市污水独特的水质特征(高无机悬浮固体(inorganic suspended solids,ISS)质量浓度、低碳氧需求(COD)和低碳氮比)与城市污水处理厂较低的运营效率和性能之间的关系,提出了中国需要制定适合自己独特污水水质特性的处理过程设计指南.鉴于下水道系统建设与修复耗时长久,改善现有城市污水处理厂的效率和可持续性应该与下水道修复和制定设计指南同时推进,提出了三点建议:提高除砂效率、应用污泥发酵和厌氧消化、优化现有工艺并开发低碳源生物脱氮新工艺. | 曹业始 郑兴灿 刘智晓 M.C.M.Van Loosdrecht Glen Daigger | 2021 | 北京工业大学学报2021，47，11： | 19 |
| 6 | Pancreatits after endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography显示文摘Pancreatitis is the most common complication after endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP); the reported incidence of this complication varies from less than 1% to 40%, but a rate of 4%-8% is reported in most prospective studies involving non-selected patients. Differences in criteria for defining pancreatitis, methods of data collection, and patient populations (i.e. number of high-risk patients included in the published series) are factors that are likely to affect the varying rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis. The severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) can range from a minor inconvenience with one or two days of added hospitalization with full recovery to a devastating illness with pancreatic necrosis, multiorgan failure, permanent disability, and even death. Although, most episodes of PEP are mild (about 90%), a small percentage of patients (about 10%) develop moderate or severe pancreatitis. In the past, PEP was often viewed as an unpredictable and unavoidable complication, with no realistic strategy for its avoidance. New data have aided in stratifi cation of patients into PEP risk categories and new measures have been introduced to decrease the risk of PEP. As most ERCPs are performed on an outpatient basis, the majority of patients will not develop PEP and can be discharged. Alternatively, early detection of those patients who will go on to develop PEP can guide decisions regarding hospital admission and aggressive management. In the last decade, great efforts have been addressed toward prevention of this complication. Points of emphasis have included technical measures, pharmacological prophylaxis, and patient selection. This review provides a comprehensive, evidence-based assessment of published data on PEP and current suggestions for its avoidance. | Ayman M Abdel Aziz Glen A Lehman | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，19： | 19 |
| 7 | 国际贸易壁垒对全球生产网络的影响--以中加自行车贸易为例显示文摘全球生产网络的组织模式和空间特征具有复杂性。国际贸易壁垒作为经济全球化进程中的重要因素,对全球生产网络产生了极为重要的影响。本文以中加自行车贸易为例,结合对我国5个地区23家企业的调研资料,探讨了国际贸易壁垒如何影响了全球生产网络的组织模式和空间特征。研究结果显示,近年来关税、反倾销等壁垒对国际贸易影响显著。在国际贸易壁垒的作用下,第三方机构成为全球生产网络的核心组成部分之一,其介入为国际贸易提供了良好的平台和保障。全球生产网络各要素间的流动性也随着第三方机构的介入而不断增强,制造商的关注点逐渐由低成本控制向产品质量管理和劳动力管理等新方向转变。全球生产网络的空间组织形态呈现了新的特点。 | 高菠阳 刘卫东 Glen Norcliffe 杜超 | 2011 | 地理学报2011，66，4： | 18 |
| 8 | Polo-like kinase 1 expression is a prognostic factor in human colon cancer显示文摘AIM: To clarify the expression patterns and prognostic implications of the mitotic regulator Polo-like kinase 1(PLK1) in colon cancer.METHODS: Expression of PLK1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry (158 cases) and immunoblotting in tissue of colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas. PLK1expression patterns were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis. In addition, expression of PLK1 was evaluated by immunoblot and PCR in colon carcinoma cell lines, and coexpression of PLK1 with the proliferation marker Ki-67 was investigated.RESULTS: Weak PLK1 expression was observed in normal colon mucosa and adenomas. In contrast, 66.7% of carcinomas showed strong expression of PLK1.Overexpression of PLK1 correlated positively with Dukes stage (P<0.001), tumor stage (P = 0.001) and nodal status (P<0.05). Additionally, PLK1 expression was a prognostic marker in univariate survival analysis (P<0.01) and had independent prognostic significance (RR = 3.3, P = 0.02)in patients with locoregional disease. Expression of PLK1 mRNA and protein was detected in all cell lines investigated. Coexpression of PLK1 and Ki-67 was observed in the majority of colon cancer cells, but a considerable proportion of cells showed PLK1 positivity without Ki-67expression.CONCLUSION: PLK1 is a new prognostic marker for colon carcinoma patients and may be involved in tumorigenesis and progression of colon cancer. Strategies focusing on PLK1 inhibition in vivo might therefore represent a promising new therapeutic approach for this tumor entity. | Wilko Weichert Glen Kristiansen Mathias Schmidt Volker Gekeler Aurelia Noske Silvia Niesporek Manfred Dietel Carsten Denkert | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，36： | 16 |
| 9 | 土地制度对北京制造业空间分布的影响显示文摘自改革开放以来,中国制造业'地图'发生了很大变化。国内外许多学者认为,政府放松管制和要素配置市场化是中国制造业空间变化的主要原因。但在较微观的层面,土地供应、政府管制在制造业空间变化中起了主导作用。在这个过程中,土地制度的变革扮演着重要角色。本文以北京市为例,通过1985和2004年度制造业企业数据的分析,分析了北京制造业空间变化的特征,并试图揭示土地制度变革在其中扮演的角色。首先,土地由无偿划拨到有偿使用加速了工业郊区化的进程;其次,政府通过确定工业用地的供给方向、数量和时间等,决定着制造业空间转移的方向;第三,土地产权改革以及农用地向建设用地的流转促进了乡村工业化的进程,乡镇企业的快速发展在制造业空间变化中也起到了重要作用。 | 高菠阳 刘卫东 Glen Norcliffe 杜超 | 2010 | 地理科学进展2010，29，7： | 16 |
| 10 | 乙磷铝和紫外线照射对葡萄叶片中芪类化合物的诱导作用显示文摘用乙磷铝(fosetyl-Al)和紫外线(UV)照射处理葡萄叶片,通过测定处理组织中白藜芦醇(resveratrol)的含量调查葡萄中芪类化合物的诱导水平,以评价葡萄的抗毒素诱导反应。试验表明,离体的葡萄叶片用乙磷铝和UV处理后,白藜芦醇的含量明显提高,最大白藜芦醇诱导量出现在UV照射后的48小时;而单独使用乙磷铝对葡萄叶片的白藜芦醇的诱导没有明显反应,并且乙磷铝喷洒和UV照射两处理间没有表现出附加效应。乙磷铝处理田间生长的叶片,结果与离体叶片处理不同,白藜芦醇的含量大大的增加。进一步用乙磷铝和UV照射处理田间叶片,也表明乙磷铝对白藜芦醇有明显的诱导作用。因此, 我们认为,乙磷铝对白藜芦醇的诱导性对离体组织没有影响,只发生在正常生长的组织中。 | 亓桂梅 GLEN L.Creasy | 2005 | 中外葡萄与葡萄酒2005，，4： | 15 |
| 11 | 骨密度测量的准确度和精密度评价显示文摘目的采用欧洲腰椎体模(ESP)评估不同CT机的定量CT(QCT)和双能X线吸收仪(DXA)设备测量骨密度的准确度和短期精确度。方法收集2016年1月至2020年4月全国多个中心(QCT和DXA分别来自31和32个中心)的40台不同品牌的CT设备(德国Siemens 12台、荷兰Philips 12台、美国GE 9台、日本Toshiba 5台和国产联影2台)和53台不同品牌DXA设备(美国GE Lunar 34台、美国Hologic 14台和法国Medlink 5台)。QCT扫描采用Mindways QCT系统,以常规腰椎扫描条件对ESP体模重复扫描10次,每次重新摆位,测量ESP中低、中、高密度椎体的骨密度值以及3个椎体的平均骨密度值。根据实测值与体模标定值的差异计算不同设备的准确度误差,并计算标准差均方根(RMS-SD)和变异系数的均方根(RMS-%CV)来评价短期精密度误差。采用重复测量的方差分析比较不同设备间测量的骨密度值的差异。结果不同CT和DXA设备测量的不同密度椎体和平均骨密度值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Siemens的准确度误差范围为1.20%~7.60%,Philips为-1.83%~0.20%,GE为1.18%~13.20%,Toshiba为-0.12%~3.55%,联影为-1.65%~6.32%,GE Lunar为6.59%~21.34%,Hologic为-6.65%~5.45%,Medlink为-6.97%~-0.68%。QCT和DXA测量的所有椎体骨密度值的RMS-%CV为0.38%~3.85%;QCT的RMS-SD为0.54~2.45 mg/cm3。DXA的RMS-SD为0.009~0.037g/cm^(2)。不同QCT和DXA设备测量的RMS-%CV值随着骨密度的升高而呈减低趋势,RMS-SD值则呈升高趋势。结论基于ESP,不同QCT和DXA设备测量的ESP骨密度值有显著差异。不同QCT和DXA设备测量骨密度的准确度误差和短期精密度误差在合理范围,可以用于临床随访观察。QCT的短期精密度误差和准确度误差波动范围较DXA略小。 | 端木羊羊 王玲 张勇 邓克学 李凯 李娜 Blake Glen M 程晓光 | 2021 | 中华放射学杂志2021，55，4： | 14 |
| 12 | Gastro-intestinal toxicity of chemotherapeutics in colorectal cancer:The role of inflammation显示文摘Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a common and often severe side effect experienced by colorectal cancer(CRC)patients during their treatment.As chemotherapy regimens evolve to include more efficacious agents,CID is increasingly becoming a major cause of dose limiting toxicity and merits further investigation.Inflammation is a key factor behind gastrointestinal(GI)toxicity of chemotherapy.Different chemotherapeutic agents activate a diverse range of pro-inflammatory pathways culminating in distinct histopathological changes in the small intestine and colonic mucosa.Here we review the current understanding of the mechanisms behind GI toxicity and the mucositis associated with systemic treatment of CRC.Insights into the inflammatory response activated during this process gained from various models of GI toxicity are discussed.The inflammatory processes contributing to the GI toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents are increasingly being recognised as having an important role in the development of anti-tumor immunity,thus conferring added benefit against tumor recurrence and improving patient survival.We review the basic mechanisms involved in the promotion of immunogenic cell death and its relevance in the treatment of colorectal cancer.Finally,the impact of CID on patient outcomes and therapeutic strategies to prevent or minimise the effect of GI toxicity and mucositis are discussed. | Chun Seng Lee Elizabeth J Ryan Glen A Doherty | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，14： | 10 |
| 13 | 不同双能X线骨密度仪交叉校准及其骨密度参考数据库标准化显示文摘目的采用欧洲脊柱体模(European spine phantom,ESP)和志愿者用常用不同品牌的双能X线吸收测量仪(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)测量的脊柱和髋部骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)值进行体模校准和体内交叉校准,为建立统一的中国人群骨密度参考数据库,实现全国不同品牌DXA T值的标准化提供基础数据。方法采用FUJIFILM、GE-Lunar、Hologic、Medilink和Osteosys 5个品牌的DXA。体模校准实验使用同一个ESP(编号SN 145)在每个扫描仪上扫描10次,每次重新定位。体内交叉校准研究在同一天使用GE-Lunar iDXA系统和其他4家品牌之一的DXA对100名20~80岁健康志愿者进行腰椎(L1-4)和髋部扫描。采用SPSS 22.0完成线性回归分析,将FUJIFILM、Hologic、Medilink和Osteosys的脊柱、股骨颈和全髋BMD与GE-Lunar相对应部位的BMD进行交叉校准。并根据一个采用GE-Lunar DXA的75321名20岁及以上中国成年人全国性骨密度调查数据库计算正常参考值,采用本次体内交叉校准换算方程推导出其他4种品牌DXA的等效青年人参考数据库。结果GE-Lunar、FUJIFILM、Hologic、Medilink和Osteosys DXA的ESP L2-4 BMD(单位:g/cm^(2))均值分别为1.170±0.005、0.930±0.005、0.980±0.005、1.000±0.009和1.100±0.003,各品牌间BMD差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。10次重复扫描的变异系数(CV%)分别为0.31%、0.53%、0.37%、0.91%和0.25%。FUJIFILM、Hologic、Medilink和Osteosys DXA脊柱和髋部的BMD测量值与GE-Lunar测量值高度相关,Pearson相关系数r为0.911~0.982,并计算出每种DXA的BMD值与GE相应部位BMD值的换算公式。列出5家DXA等效中国青年人骨密度参考范围,实现这些DXA设备扫描同一患者时计算的T值一致。结论本研究提供了国内5种品牌DXA的ESP和体内交叉校准数据以及换算公式,获得了统一的中国人DXA骨密度正常参考值,为实现全国DXA脊柱和髋部骨密度T值的标准化提供基础数据。 | 闫东 Glen M Blake 孙晓雷 崔珂 蔡舒 王文志 刘艳东 王文海 轩艳姣 程晓光 | 2022 | 中华骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病杂志2022，15，1： | 8 |
| 14 | Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: An update and implications for treatment显示文摘AIM: To provide an update on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, staging and management of rectal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE was performed with the reference list of selected articles reviewed to ensure all relevant publications were captured. The search strategy was limited to the English language, spanning from 1946 to 2015. A qualitative analysis was undertaken examining patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and outcome. The quantitaive analysis was limited to data extracted on treatment and outcomes including radiological, clinical and pathological complete response where available. The narrative and quantitative review were synthesised in concert.RESULTS: The search identified 487 articles in total with 79 included in the qualitative review. The quantitative analysis involved 63 articles, consisting of 43 case reports and 20 case series with a total of 142 individual cases. The underlying pathogenesis of rectal SCC while unclear, continues to be defined, with increasing evidence of a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and a possible role for human papilloma virus in this progression. The presentation is similar to rectal adenocarcinoma, with a diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Many presumed rectal SCC's are in fact an extension of an anal SCC, and cytokeratin markers are a useful adjunct in this distinction. Staging is most accurately reflected by the tumour-nodemetastasis classification for rectal adenocarcinoma. It involves examining locoregional disease by way of magnetic resonance imaging and/or endorectal ultrasound, with systemic spread excluded by way of computed tomography. Positron emission tomography is integral in the workup to exclude an external siteof primary SCC with metastasis to the rectum. While the optimal treatment remains as yet undefined, recent studies have demonstrated a global shift away from surgery towards definitive chemoradiotherapy as primary treatment. Pooled overall survival was calculated to be 86% in patients managed with chemoradiation compared with 48% for those treated traditionally with surgery. Furthermore, local recurrence and metastatic rates were 25% vs 10% and 30% vs 13% for the chemoradiation vs conventional treatment cohorts.CONCLUSION: The changing paradigm in the treatment of rectal SCC holds great promise for improved outcomes in this rare disease. | Glen R Guerra Cherng H Kong Satish K Warrier Andrew C Lynch Alexander G Heriot Samuel Y Ngan | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，3： | 5 |
| 15 | The difference of morphological characteristics and population structure in PAO and DPAO granular sludges显示文摘We examined how long-term operation of anaerobic–oxic and anaerobic–anoxic sequencing batch reactors(SBRs) affects the enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)performance and sludge characteristics. The microbial characteristics of phosphorus accumulating organism(PAO) and denitrifying PAO(DPAO) sludge were also analyzed through a quantitative analysis of microbial community structure. Compared with the initial stage of operation characterized by unstable EBPR, both PAO and DPAO SBR produced a stable EBPR performance after about 100-day operation. From day 200 days(DPAO SBR)and 250 days(PAO SBR) onward, sludge granulation was observed, and the average granule size of DPAO SBR was approximately 5 times larger than that of PAO SBR. The DPAO granular sludge contained mainly rod-type microbes, whereas the PAO granular sludge contained coccus-type microbes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that a high ratio of Accumulibacter clade I was found only in DPAO SBR, revealing the important role of this organism in the denitrifying EBPR system. A pyrosequencing analysis showed that Accumulibacter phosphatis was present in PAO sludge at a high proportion of 6%,whereas it rarely observed in DPAO sludge. Dechloromonas was observed in both PAO sludge(3.3%) and DPAO sludge(3.2%), confirming that this organism can use both O_2 and NO_3^- as electron acceptors. Further, Thauera spp. was identified to have a new possibility as denitrifier capable of phosphorous uptake under anoxic condition. | Geumhee Yun Hansaem Lee Yongsuk Hong Sungpyo Kim Glen T.Daigger Zuwhan Yun | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，2： | 5 |
| 16 | 基于IBOB的射电望远镜宽带数字频谱仪系统的设计与测试显示文摘简述了基于IBOB和Xilinx System Generator平台的射电望远镜宽带数字频谱仪系统的设计与应用;给出了双路400MHz、2048通道、16IP输出数字频谱仪系统的具体设计方案,并对该数字频谱仪器的性能指标进行了分析和测试,验证了方案的可行性;最后初步讨论了滤波器设备对后端系统的影响。 | 刘东亮 John Ford Glen Langston 南仁东 | 2010 | 天文研究与技术2010，7，1： | 4 |
| 17 | The contribution of Chinese exports to climate change显示文摘 | Christopher L. Weber Glen P. Peters Dabo Guan Klaus Hubacek | 2008 | Energy Policy2008，，9： | 4 |
| 18 | The efficacy and effectiveness of machine learning for weaning in mechanically ventilated patients at the intensive care unit: a systematic review显示文摘Weani ng from mechanical ventilation in the in tensive care unit (ICU) is a complex clinical problem and relevant for future organ engineering. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) leads to a range of medical complications that increases length of stay and costs as well as contributes to morbidity and even mortality and long-term quality of life. The need to reduce MV is both clinical and economical. Artificial intelligence or machine learning (ML) methods are promising opportunities to positively influence patient outcomes. ML methods have been proposed to enhance clinical decisions processes by using the large amount of digital information generated in the ICU setting. There is a particular interest in empirical methods (such as ML) to improve management of 'difficult-to-wean' patients, due to the associated costs and adverse events associated with this population. A systematic literature search was performed using the OVID, IEEEXplore, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. All publications that included (1) the application of ML to weaning from MV in the ICU and (2) a clinical outcome measurement were reviewed. A checklist to assess the study quality of medical ML publications was modified to suit the critical assessment of ML in MV weaning literature. The systematic search identified nine studies that used ML for weaning management from MV in critical care. The weaning management application areas included (1) prediction of successful spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs),(2) prediction of successful extubation,(3) prediction of arterial blood gases, and (4) ventilator setting and oxygenation-adjustment advisory systems. Seven of the nine studies scored seven out of eight on the quality index. The remaining two of the nine studies scored one out of eight on the quality index. This scoring may, in part, be explained by the publications' focus on technical novelty, and therefore focusing on issues most important to a technical audience, instead of issues most important for a systematic medical review. This review showed that only a limited number of studies have started to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of ML for MV in the ICU. However, ML has the potential to be applied to the prediction of SBT failure, extubation failure, and blood gases, and also the adjustment of ventilator and oxygenation settings. The available databases for the development of ML in this clinical area may still be inadequate. None of the reviewed studies reported on the procedure, treatment, or sedation strategy undergone by patients. Such information is unlikely to be required in a technical publication but is potentially vital to the development ML techniques that are sufficiently robust to meet the needs of the'difficult-to-wean'patient population. | Man Ting Kwong Glen Wright Colopy Anika M.Weber Ari Ercole Jeroen H.M.Bergmann | 2019 | Bio-Design and Manufacturing2019，2，1： | 3 |
| 19 | 加拿大高等教育国际化政策面临的三个挑战显示文摘国际化在加拿大高等教育政策中至今未能受到高度重视,原因有三:一是20世纪60到70年代政府主张大学更多地关注有关本土的经验;二是加拿大的联邦政治架构致使教育、外交和国际贸易相互分离,各级政府难以合作推进国际化;三是由于历史原因人们担忧国际化会削弱大学满足本国公民入学需求的能力。改变现状的关键在于,加拿大政府应该把国际化视作一项重要的国内事务。 | Glen A.Jones 乐毅 | 2010 | 复旦教育论坛2010，8，6： | 3 |
| 20 | Endoscopic evaluation in diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Endoscopy is a keystone in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).It is the fundamental diagnostic tool for IBD,and can help discern between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.Endoscopic assessment provides an objective end point in clinical trials,and identifies patients in clinical practice who may benefit from treatment escalation and may assist risk stratification in patients seeking to discontinue therapy.Recent advances in endoscopic assessment of patients with IBD include video capsule endoscopy,and chromoendoscopy.Technological advances enable improved visualization and focused biopsy sampling.Endoscopic resection and close surveillance of dysplastic lesions where feasible is recommended instead of prophylactic colectomy. | Carthage P Moran Barra Neary Glen A Doherty | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，20： | 3 |
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