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| 1 | Cenozoic topography,monsoons and biodiversity conservation within the Tibetan Region:An evolving story显示文摘The biodiversity of the Himalaya,Hengduan Mountains and Tibet,here collectively termed the Tibetan Region,is exceptional in a global context.To contextualize and understand the origins of this biotic richness,and its conservation value,we examine recent fossil finds and review progress in understanding the orogeny of the Tibetan Region.We examine the deep-time origins of monsoons affecting Asia,climate variation over different timescales,and the establishment of environmental niche heterogeneity linked to topographic development.The origins of the modern biodiversity were established in the Eocene,concurrent with the formation of pronounced topographic relief across the Tibetan Region.High(>4 km)mountains to the north and south of what is now the Tibetan Plateau bounded a Paleogene central lowland(<2.5 km)hosting moist subtropical vegetation influenced by an intensifying monsoon.In mid Miocene times,before the Himalaya reached their current elevation,sediment infilling and compressional tectonics raised the floor of the central valley to above 3000 m,but central Tibet was still moist enough,and low enough,to host a warm temperate angiosperm-dominated woodland.After 15 Ma,global cooling,the further rise of central Tibet,and the rain shadow cast by the growing Himalaya,progressively led to more open,herb-rich vegetation as the modern high plateau formed with its cool,dry climate.In the moist monsoonal Hengduan Mountains,high and spatially extensive since the Eocene but subsequently deeply dissected by river incision,Neogene cooling depressed the tree line,compressed altitudinal zonation,and created strong environmental heterogeneity.This served as a cradle for the then newly-evolving alpine biota and favoured diversity within more thermophilic vegetation at lower elevations.This diversity has survived through a combination of minimal Quaternary glaciation,and complex relief-related environmental niche heterogeneity.The great antiquity and diversity of the Tibetan Region biota argues for its conservation,and the importance of that biota is demonstrated through our insights into its long temporal gestation provided by fossil archives and information written in surviving genomes.These data sources are worthy of conservation in their own right,but for the living biotic inventory we need to ask what it is we want to conserve.Is it 1)individual taxa for their intrinsic properties,2)their services in functioning ecosystems,or 3)their capacity to generate future new biodiversity?If 2 or 3 are our goal then landscape conservation at scale is required,and not just seed banks or botanical/zoological gardens. | Robert A.Spicer Alexander Farnsworth Tao Su | 2020 | Plant Diversity2020，42，4： | 14 |
| 2 | Why ‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’ is a myth显示文摘The often-used phrase‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’implies a flat-surfaced Tibet rose as a coherent entity,and that uplift was driven entirely by the collision and northward movement of India.Here,we argue that these are misconceptions derived in large part from simplistic geodynamic and climate modeling,as well as proxy misinterpretation.The growth of Tibet was a complex process involving mostly Mesozoic collisions of several Gondwanan terranes with Asia,thickening the crust and generating complex relief before the arrival of India.In this review,Earth system modeling,paleoaltimetry proxies and fossil finds contribute to a new synthetic view of the topographic evolution of Tibet.A notable feature overlooked in previous models of plateau formation was the persistence through much of the Cenozoic of a wide east–west orientated deep central valley,and the formation of a plateau occurred only in the late Neogene through compression and internal sedimentation. | Robert A.Spicer Tao Su Paul J.Valdes Alexander Farnsworth Fei-Xiang Wu Gongle Shi Teresa E.V.Spicer Zhekun Zhou | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，1： | 9 |
| 3 | 红树林的全球保护现状显示文摘尽管在科技文献中已对红树林给予了很大的关注,对其生物学与经济学的价值取得了明显的全球共识,并颁布实施了一些保护性法规,但作为人类活动的直接结果,这些热带沿海森林在全球范围内仍在不断减少。根据与当地的专业土地管理者、高等学校的科学家、村民和村领导、当地政府官员的讨论,我们对16个国家和地区38个地点的红树林目前的状况、威胁红树林的主要问题进行了分析和排序。虽然在科技文献中已有相当多的关于保护措施的资料,但它们必须以当地非专业工作者能够使用的方式进行更广泛地传播。我们还必须收集林分结构的资料,分析森林消失速度和原因,对森林恢复技术和保护红树林群落效益与成本的社会经济进行评估,并使结果共享。若要使红树林生态系统得以持续,应当促进区域内部与区域之间生物学家与非专业人员之间的联系,必须重视社会学家与生物学家之间的合作,并强化政府对于保护和恢复工作的支持。 | Elizabeth Farnsworth Aaron Ellison 闵庆文 | 1997 | 人类环境杂志1997，26，6： | 4 |
| 4 | 青藏高原东部隆升启动了始新世独特亚洲季风系统和生物多样性现代化显示文摘青藏高原东部的隆升、亚洲季风系统的发展和全球重要生物多样性热点的形成紧密相关,对此我们目前知之甚少.结合区域资料,利用藏东稻城热鲁盆地的沉积地层、火山岩U-Pb年龄、古土壤钙质结核团簇同位素古温度和植物化石湿焓定量重建了藏东50~34Ma期间从低海拔(0.6km)沙漠到接近现代海拔(3.5km)高山森林的详细隆升历史.综合植物化石CLAMP、动物化石牙釉质氧同位素和古气候模拟结果,揭示藏东的隆升推动了热带辐合带季风向北渗透,形成了最初的与现今季风系统截然不同的始新世亚洲季风,它具有双峰降水特征和特别潮湿的冬季.此外,热鲁盆地丰富的动植物化石组成表明横断山特殊的生物多样性在45~40 Ma已经建立,比普遍接受的现代亚洲生物多样性是中新世才出现的结论大大提前.藏东始新世以来的崛起与特色亚洲季风系统协同演化产生了复杂的高度波动的生态位,奠定了现代亚洲生物多样性基础. | 何松林 丁林 熊中玉 Robert A.Spicer Alex Farnsworth Paul J.Valdes 王超 蔡福龙 王厚起 孙永 曾登 谢静 岳雅慧 赵晨圆 宋培平 吴晨 | 2022 | Science Bulletin2022，67，21： | 3 |
| 5 | The molecular determinants governing the immunogenicity of Japanese encephalitis live attenuated vaccines显示文摘In the course of isolating the attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine SA14-14-2,two attenuated strains SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3 were also obtained that elicited low antibody responses in humans(o10%and 62%,respectively)and exerted much weaker immune protection in animal challenge experiments.However,the reason for these differences remains unknown.In order to understand why SA14-14-2 is superior to SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3,we employed a reverse genetics method to identify the key mutations in the virus genome that determine the immunogenicity of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis viruses.We first sequenced the full genomic sequences of SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3 and found mutations that changed four amino-acid base pairs when compared to the envelope gene of SA14-14-2.We mutated the genome of SA14-14-2 to generate these mutations both singly(E-177,E-264,E-279 and E-315)and in combination(E-177/264,E-279/315 and E-177/264/279/315)and tested these mutants along with parental strains SA14-14-2,SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3 for their immunogenicity in vivo.When mice were immunized with SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3,lower levels of neutralizing antibodies were generated compared with the immune response to SA14-14-2.Furthermore,SA14-5-3 was more immunogenic than SA14-9-7,which replicated the results previously seen in humans.Point mutations E-177,E-264,E-279 and E-315 diminished the immunogenicity of SA14-14-2 with E-264 and E-315,contributing the most to this phenotype.The mutant rJEV(E-177/E-264/E-279/E-315)containing all four point mutations exhibited the lowest immunogenicity with a seroconversion rate of 0 at an inoculation dose of 103 PFU(plaque-forming unit).We have identified the key amino acids in the envelope protein that account for the superior immunogenicity of SA14-14-2. | Yuhua Li Yin Fu Xinyu Liu Huiqiang Yang Yongxin Yu Lili Jia Xuguang Li Aaron Farnsworth Junzhi Wang | 2017 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2017，2，1： | 3 |
| 6 | 新生代青藏高原生长对东亚水循环及生态系统的影响显示文摘新生代青藏高原生长和全球温度变化驱动东亚气候和生态系统发生了剧烈变化.本文综述了前人的相关研究成果,基于前期的数值模拟工作,进一步探讨了青藏高原地形地貌演变对东亚水循环及生态系统的影响.目前,关于青藏高原新生代以来地形地貌的演化还存在争议,但近年来不同学科的证据一致认为,青藏高原生长过程具有区域差异性.最新的古气候数值模拟表明,青藏高原北部抬升显著改变了亚洲气候系统,促使东亚降水显著增加,尤其是中国南方冬季降水增加更为明显,地表径流也相应增加,对东亚水系格局产生了重要影响;土壤含水量也随之增加,冬季深层土壤含水量增加尤为显著,导致中国东部植被从干旱、半干旱转变为湿润、半湿润植被类型,造就了现今东亚植被和生物多样性格局.目前,关于青藏高原生长对东亚降水的影响,科学界已有深入认识,但是还有若干关键问题亟待解决,包括:对青藏高原地形地貌演化的进一步限定、对气候转型期高精度的古气候数值模拟,以及进一步解析新生代东亚水循环和生态系统的耦合关系.理解这些关键问题对预测未来全球气候急剧变化背景下的生态系统响应及其演变趋势具有重要的参考意义. | 李树峰 赵佳港 Alex Farnsworth Paul J.Valdes 刘佳 黄健 周浙昆 苏涛 | 2023 | 科学通报2023，68，12： | 3 |
| 7 | Organophosphate and pyrethroid hydrolase activities of mutantesterases from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera显示文摘 | Li Yongqiang Farnsworth C A Coppin CW | 2013 | PLOS ONE2013，8，77： | 1 |
| 8 | Evaluation of the CytoRich slide preparation process 显示文摘 | Laverty CR Farnsworth A Thurloe JK | 1997 | Anal Quant Cytol Histol1997，19，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Potential values of plants as a source of new antifertility agents I 显示文摘 | Farnsworth NR Bingel AS Cordell GA | 1975 | J Pharm Sci1975，64，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Potential consequence of plant extinction in the United States on the current and future availability of prescription drugs显示文摘 | Norman R. Farnsworth Djaja Doel Soejarto | 1985 | Economic Botany1985，，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Etiology of supracondylar humerus fracture 显示文摘 | Farnsworth CL Smith PD Mubarak SJ | 1998 | Pediatr Orthop1998，18，： | 1 |
| 12 | Allocationwith and betweenorgans and the dynamics of root length changesin two birch species显示文摘 | Farnsworth EJ Bazzaz FA | 1995 | Oecologia1995，10，1： | 1 |
| 13 | A biomechanical comparison of open and thoracoscopic anterior spinal release in a goat model显示文摘 | Newton PO Cardelia JM Farnsworth CL | 1998 | Spine1998，23，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of transglutaminase treatment on functional properties and probiotic culture survivability of goat milk yogurt显示文摘 | Farnsworth JP Li J Hendricks GM | 2006 | Small Ruminant Research2006，65，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Child-Turcotte-Pugh versus MELD score as a predictor of outcome after elective and emergent surgery in cirrhotic patients显示文摘 | Neil Farnsworth Shawn P. Fagan David H. Berger Samir S. Awad | 2004 | The American Journal of Surgery2004，，5： | 1 |
| 16 | A review of botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, clinical relevance in efficacy and safety of Lycium barbarum fruit (Goji)显示文摘 | Harunobu Amagase Norman R. Farnsworth | 2011 | Food Research International2011，，7： | 1 |
| 17 | Uhrastructure and function of isolated myocytes after calcium depletion and repletion 显示文摘 | Frank JS Brady A J Farnsworth S | 1986 | Am J Physiol1986，250，22： | 1 |
| 18 | Effects of transglutaminase treatment on functional properties and probiotic culture survivability of goat mild yogurt显示文摘 | FARNSWORTH J P LI J HENDRICKS G M | 2006 | Small Ruminant Research2006，65，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Reductions in abscisic acid are linked with viviparous reproduction in mangroves显示文摘 | Farnsworth E J Farrant J M | 1998 | Am J Bot1998，85，： | 1 |
| 20 | Sesquiterpene lactones and other constituents from a cytotoxic extract of Michelia floribunda显示文摘 | Mondranondra IO Che CT Rimando AM Vajrodaya S Fong HH Farnsworth NR | 1990 | Pharm Res1990，7，12： | 1 |
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