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| 1 | 煤矸石自然风化过程中微量重金属元素的地球化学行为显示文摘通过对不同风化程度的煤矸石样品进行地球化学相的研究,发现对煤矸石来讲,其自然风化过程实际上是一个微量重金属元素的富集过程。在此过程中,重金属的释放受残余相的控制,它们在环境中的迁移和地球化学行为则受铁-锰相和有机相的控制。就煤矸石的环境地球化学效应而言,微量重金属的污染范围是有限的,主要局限在煤矸石堆周围。 | 党志 M. Fowler S. Watts M. Haigh 马英军 肖保华 黄荣贵 邹申清 | 1998 | 自然科学进展(国家重点实验室通讯)1998，8，3： | 28 |
| 2 | Scheduling optimization of task allocation in integrated manufacturing system based on task decomposition显示文摘How to deal with the collaboration between task decomposition and task scheduling is the key problem of the integrated manufacturing system for complex products. With the development of manufacturing technology, we can probe a new way to solve this problem. Firstly, a new method for task granularity quantitative analysis is put forward, which can precisely evaluate the task granularity of complex product cooperation workflow in the integrated manufacturing system, on the above basis; this method is used to guide the coarse-grained task decomposition and recombine the subtasks with low cohesion coefficient. Then, a multi-objective optimieation model and an algorithm are set up for the scheduling optimization of task scheduling. Finally, the application feasibility of the model and algorithm is ultimately validated through an application case study. | Aijun Liu Michele Pfund John Fowler | 2016 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2016，27，2： | 10 |
| 3 | 金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症诊治策略显示文摘美国每年金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)菌血症发生率约为4.3/10万--38.2/10万。自20世纪90年代以来,此类感染者30 d全因病死率高达20%,其中甲氧西林耐药是金葡菌菌血症致死的独立危险因素。金葡菌菌血症患者易并发细菌性心内膜炎,治疗不充分常可危及生命。因此,如何早期诊断感染性心内膜炎,确诊后治疗方案(药物、疗程)的优化成为金葡菌菌血症诊治的关键。 | Holland TL Arnold C Fowler VG Jr 傅祝英杰 汪复 | 2015 | 中国感染与化疗杂志2015，15，2： | 9 |
| 4 | Intravenous vitamin C as adjunctive therapy for enterovirus/rhinovirus induced acute respiratory distress syndrome显示文摘We report a case of virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) treated with parenteral vitamin C in a patient testing positive for enterovirus/rhinovirus on viral screening. This report outlines the first use of high dose intravenous vitamin C as an interventional therapy for ARDS, resulting from enterovirus/rhinovirus respiratory infection. From very significant preclinical research performed at Virginia Commonwealth Universitywith vitamin C and with the very positive results of a previously performed phase Ⅰ safety trial infusing high dose vitamin C intravenously into patients with severe sepsis, we reasoned that infusing identical dosing to a patient with ARDS from viral infection would be therapeutic. We report here the case of a 20-year-old, previously healthy, female who contracted respiratory enterovirus/rhinovirus infection that led to acute lung injury and rapidly to ARDS. She contracted the infection in central Italy while on an 8-d spring break from college. During a return flight to the United States, she developed increasing dyspnea and hypoxemia that rapidly developed into acute lung injury that led to ARDS. When support with mechanical ventilation failed, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) was initiated. Twelve hours following ECMO initiation, high dose intravenous vitamin C was begun. The patient's recovery was rapid. ECMO and mechanical ventilation were discontinued by day-7 and the patient recovered with no long-term ARDS sequelae. Infusing high dose intravenous vitamin C into this patient with virus-induced ARDS was associated with rapid resolution of lung injury with no evidence of post-ARDS fibroproliferative sequelae. Intravenous vitamin C as a treatment for ARDS may open a new era of therapy for ARDS from many causes. | Alpha A Fowler Ⅲ Christin Kim Lawrence Lepler Rajiv Malhotra Orlando Debesa Ramesh Natarajan Bernard J Fisher Aamer Syed Christine DeWilde Anna Priday Vigneshwar Kasirajan | 2017 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2017，6，1： | 9 |
| 5 | Treatment of hemorrhoids: A survey of surgical practice in Australia and New Zealand显示文摘BACKGROUND Hemorrhoidal disease is the most common anorectal disorder.Hemorrhoids can be classified as external or internal,according to their relation to the dentate line.External hemorrhoids originate below the dentate line and are managed conservatively unless the patient cannot keep the perianal region clean,or they cause significant discomfort.Internal hemorrhoids originate above the dentate line and can be managed according to the graded degree of prolapse,as described by Goligher.Generally,low-grade internal hemorrhoids are effectively treated conservatively,by non-operative measures,while high-grade internal hemorrhoids warrant procedural intervention.AIM To determine the application of clinical practice guidelines for the current management of hemorrhoids and colorectal surgeon consensus in Australia and New Zealand.METHODS An online survey was distributed to 206 colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand using 17 guideline-based hypothetical clinical scenarios.RESULTS There were 82 respondents(40%)to 17 guideline-based scenarios.Nine(53%)reached consensus,of which only 1(6%)disagreed with the guidelines.This was based on low quality evidence for the management of acutely thrombosed external hemorrhoids.There were 8 scenarios which showed community equipoise(47%)and they were equally divided for agreeing or disagreeing with the guidelines.These topics were based on low and moderate levels of evidence.They included the initial management of grade I internal hemorrhoids,grade III internal hemorrhoids when initial management had failed and the patient had recognised risks factors for septic complications;and finally,the decision-making when considering patient preferences,including a prompt return to work,or minimal post-operative pain.CONCLUSION Although there are areas of consensus in the management of hemorrhoids,there are many areas of community equipoise which would benefit from further research. | George E Fowler Javariah Siddiqui Assad Zahid Christopher John Young | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2019，7，22： | 8 |
| 6 | 婴儿猝死综合征的法医学鉴定显示文摘近20多年来,婴儿猝死综合征(sudden infant death syndrome,SIDS)一直是西方发达国家医学界尤其是法医学和儿科学领域研究的热点。目前,随着对SIDS广泛而深入的研究,对其病因、发病特点、危险因素以及致病机制等都有了更明确的认识。虽说近年来SIDS的发病率已有明显下降,在欧美洲、澳洲等发达国家,SIDS仍然是导致1个月到1岁婴儿死亡的首要原因。在亚洲国家和地区,尤其是发展中国家SIDS的报道很少见。本文通过总结文献并结合美国马里兰州近20年(1990—2006)来对SIDS的调查研究资料,介绍SIDS的发展历史、研究现状和新的发展趋势,并对SIDS法医学鉴定程序及鉴定要素进行讨论。 | 李玲 黄光照 沈忆文 周兰 刘良 David Fowler | 2008 | 法医学杂志2008，24，5： | 6 |
| 7 | Non-pharmacological therapies for inflammatory bowel disease: Recommendations for self-care and physician guidance显示文摘We performed a scoping review on sought-after complementary therapies for patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), specifically diet, physical activity and exercise(PA/E), and psychotherapy. We aim to update patients with IBD on therapies for self-care and provide physicians with guidance on how to direct their patients for the management of IBD. A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PUBMED was completed in Sept 2016. Studies on diet, PA/E, or psychotherapy in patients with IBD were included. Medical Subject Heading terms and Boolean operators were used. The search was limited to full-text English articles describing an adult population. This review included 67 studies: Diet(n = 19); PA/E(n = 19); and psychotherapy(n = 29). We have made the following recommendations:(1) Diet: Consumption of diets rich in vegetables, fruit and soluble fiber may be beneficial in IBD. A trial of a low FODMAP diet can be considered in those patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Restrictive diets are lacking in evidence and should be avoided;(2) PA/E: Regular lowmoderate intensity activity, including cardiovascular and resistance exercise, has been shown to improve quality of life(QOL) and may improve inflammation; and(3) psychotherapy: Therapies such as cognitive-behavioural interventions, mindfulness, hypnosis, and stress management have been shown to improve QOL, but evidence is limited on their impact on anxiety, depression, and disease activity. Overall, these complementary therapies are promising and should be used to treat patients with IBD from a more holistic perspective. | Whitney Duff Natasha Haskey Gillian Potter Jane Alcorn Paulette Hunter Sharyle Fowler | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，28： | 6 |
| 8 | 《Science》杂志发表关于计算社会科学的文章:Computational Social Science显示文摘计算科学是一门正在兴起的综合性学科,它依赖于先进的计算机及计算技术对理论科学、大型实验、观测数据、应用科学、国防以及社会科学进行模型化、模拟与仿真、计算等。特别是对极复杂系统进行模型与程序化,然后利用计算机给出严格理论及实验无法达到的过程数据或者直接模拟出整个复杂过程的演变或者预测过程的发展趋势。对基础科学、应用科学、国防科学、社会科学以及工程技术等的发展有着不可估量的科学作用与经济效益。其中,随着信息化和网络化的不断普及与深入,社会动态变化的速度和规模已经提高到一个前所未有的水平,计算科学在社会科学中的深入应用,即计算社会科学也将成为科研信息化发展中一个新的热点。本刊对《Science》2009年2月发表的一篇关于计算社会科学的文章《Computational Social Science》进行了摘编,该文由美国多个大学及研究机构的共15名研究人员共同编写,文章从计算社会科学的数据获取、研究方法及其制约因素,以及人才的培养等几个方面,描述了计算社会科学的发展、讨论了社会科学研究的特点等。其主要目的是想借此文向广大读者介绍计算社会科学这一学科理念,推动这一对于提高社会科学研究水平和规范性的研究方法在国内的发展,并以此进一步繁荣我国社会科学研究工作。 | 张鉴 孔丽华 David Lazer Alex Pentland Lada Adamic Sinan Aral Albert-László Barabási Devon Brewer Nicholas Christakis Noshir Contractor James Fowler Myron Gutmann Tony Jebara Gary King Michael Macy Deb Roy Marshall Van Alstyne | 2010 | 科研信息化技术与应用2010，0，2： | 5 |
| 9 | 矿物质营养中的螯合物与配位体显示文摘金属可与许多有机分子发生反应而生成可溶性络合物。其中一些称为螯合物。整合物通常含有包括一个金属离子在内的5~6员杂环。根据Kincaid(1989)定义,螯合剂必须至少拥有两个基团,其中每一个基团都能提供一个电子对,并且两个基团的位置应能使其和该金属原子形成一个环状结构。在利用矿物质的许多反应中已鉴明了一些自然产生的螫合物。例如某些细菌可向周围环境中分泌赘合剂与铁结合,微生物还可制造钴胺素物质(包括维生素B_(12))。动物能合成一种卟啉环,该环能与铁和其他金属形成络合物。另外。 | 徐子伟 J. K. Thompson V. R. Fowler | 1992 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)1992，，6： | 5 |
| 10 | IoC容器和Dependency Injection模式显示文摘loC,一种轻量级容器,试图取代庞大而复杂的J2EE技术。如今正在开源Java社群中掀起一股热潮,同时loC的设计模式讨论也进行的如火如茶。大师级的Martin Fowler为我们带来这篇文章,先睹为快。 | Martin Fowler 透明 | 2004 | 程序员2004，，3： | 4 |
| 11 | 环境与基因型对黑麦和小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的影响显示文摘蛋白质含量同时受基因型与环境影响。本文根据在Saskatchewan几种土壤上进行的品种试验结果研究二者对小麦与黑麦籽粒蛋白质含量及蛋白质生产中的氮利用效率(NUE)的影响。在土壤有效氮低的高产条件下每公斤籽粒的蛋白质含量低达95.4g。当氮不再是籽粒产量的最大限制因子时,其值不变。此后能提高对氮的需求量的因素均可使籽粒蛋白含量-N反应曲线由迟滞期转为上升。在土壤高氮水平下,每公斤干籽粒的最大蛋白质的克数为130—231g(冬小麦)和107—177g(黑麦)。在有效氮含量低的情况下,蛋白质生产的NUE可高达80%,继续增施氮肥时则NUE值下降,在籽粒产量最高时NUE值接近零,蛋白质产量最高时NUE值等于零。在提供的土壤有效氮达到一定程度、籽粒产量接近最高时,蛋白质含量-N反应曲线的上升期结束。研究结果表明,在现行的管理体系下谷物籽粒与籽粒蛋白质生产的NUE值低。 | D. B. Fowler 侯勤弟 | 1991 | 国外农学(麦类作物)1991，，2： | 4 |
| 12 | Current surgical treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma in North America显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is an aggressive tumor that often occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease.Many patients do not initially manifest any symptoms of HCC and present late when cure with surgical resection or transplantation is no longer possible.For this reason,patients at high risk for developing HCC are subjected to frequent screening processes.The surgical management of HCC is complex and requires an inter-disciplinary approach.Hepatic resection is the treatment of choice for HCC in patients without cirrhosis and is indicated in some patients with early cirrhosis(Child-Pugh A).Liver transplantation has emerged in the past decade as the standard of care for patients with cirrhosis and HCC meeting Milan criteria and in select patients with HCC beyond Milan criteria.Loco-regional therapy with transarterial chemoembolization,transarterial embolization,radiofrequency ablation and other similar local treatments can be used as neo-adjuvant therapy to downstage HCC to within Milan criteria or as a bridge to transplantation in patients on transplant wait list. | Adeel S Khan Kathryn J Fowler William C Chapman | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，41： | 3 |
| 13 | Productive performance, egg quality, hematological parameters and serum chemistry of laying hens fed diets supplemented with certain fat-soluble vitamins, individually or combined, during summer season显示文摘This present study aimed to determine the efficacy of supplementing layer diets with vitamin A(0, 8,000 and16,000 IU/kg diet) and vitamin E(0, 250 and 500 mg/kg diet) either individually or in combination on egg production and quality, and blood hematology and chemistry of birds reared under summer conditions. A total of 135 Bovans Brown laying hens were distributed to 9 treatment groups with 5 replicates of 3 hens/pen in a 3 × 3 factorial design. A significant improvement in feed conversion ratio(FCR) was observed as supplementary vitamin A or E increased(P 0.01). Hens fed diets supplemented with 16,000 IU vitamin A plus 500 mg vitamin E/kg diet had the best FCR among all groups. Egg quality traits were not significantly affected by the interaction of vitamin A and vitamin E levels. There was a significant increase in monocytes(P ≤ 0.01)and a decrease in basophils counts(P ≤ 0.05) in response to vitamin E. Significant decreases were observed in packed cell volume(PCV), thyroxine(T_4), alanine transferase(ALT), albumin, total cholesterol and total lipids((P ≤ 0.05 or P ≤ 0.01) P 0.01), and increases were observed in serum concentrations of globulin(P ≤ 0.05)and calcium(P ≤ 0.01) due to vitamin A. The combination of 0 IU vitamin A and 500 mg vitamin E/kg diet had the highest values of PCV(40.09%) and hemoglobin(Hb)(10.33 mg/100 mL) among all groups. Vitamin E raised serum values of total protein, total cholesterol and total lipids(P ≤ 0.05 or P≤ 0.01). Feed intake, FCR,PCV, Hb, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, T_4, ALT and total protein were significantly affected by the interaction of vitamins A and E(P ≤ 0.05 or P ≤ 0.01). The interaction of vitamins A and E was only significant with respect to serum total protein(P ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that layer diets supplemented with vitamins A and E had good results in alleviating the harmful impacts of high ambient temperature. The combination of 16,000 IU vitamin A and 500 mg vitamin E per kilogram diet is preferable for obtaining better production of laying hens reared under hot summer conditions. | Mohamed E.Abd El-Hack Mahmoud Alagawany Khalid M.Mahrose Muhammad Arif Muhammad Saeed Muhammad A.Arain Rab N.Soomro Farman A.Siyal Sarfraz A.Fazlani Justin Fowler | 2019 | Animal Nutrition2019，，1： | 3 |
| 14 | Vanadium transfer in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis显示文摘 | P. Miramand J. C. Guary S. W. Fowler | 1980 | Marine Biology1980，，4： | 3 |
| 15 | Intravenous immune globulin suppresses angiogenesis in mice and humans显示文摘Human intravenous immune globulin(IVIg),a purified IgG fraction composed of~60%IgG1 and obtained from the pooled plasma of thousands of donors,is clinically used for a wide range of diseases.The biological actions of IVIg are incompletely understood and have been attributed both to the polyclonal antibodies therein and also to their IgG(IgG)Fc regions.Recently,we demonstrated that multiple therapeutic human IgG1 antibodies suppress angiogenesis in a target-independent manner via FcγRI,a high-affinity receptor for IgG1.Here we show that IVIg possesses similar anti-angiogenic activity and inhibited blood vessel growth in five different mouse models of prevalent human diseases,namely,neovascular age-related macular degeneration,corneal neovascularization,colorectal cancer,fibrosarcoma and peripheral arterial ischemic disease.Angioinhibition was mediated by the Fc region of IVIg,required FcγRI and had similar potency in transgenic mice expressing human FcγRs.Finally,IVIg therapy administered to humans for the treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases reduced kidney and muscle blood vessel densities.These data place IVIg,an agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration,as a novel angioinhibitory drug in doses that are currently administered in the clinical setting.In addition,they raise the possibility of an unintended effect of IVIg on blood vessels. | Reo Yasuma Valeria Cicatiello Takeshi Mizutani Laura Tudisco Younghee Kim Valeria Tarallo Sasha Bogdanovich Yoshio Hirano Nagaraj Kerur Shengjian Li Tetsuhiro Yasuma Benjamin J Fowler Charles B Wright Ivana Apicella Adelaide Greco Arturo Brunetti Balamurali K Ambati Sevim Barbasso Helmers Ingrid E Lundberg Ondrej Viklicky Jeanette HW Leusen J Sjef Verbeek Bradley D Gelfand Ana Bastos-Carvalho Sandro De Falco Jayakrishna Ambati | 2016 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2016，1，1： | 3 |
| 16 | Evolution of Siderian juvenile crust to Rhyacian high Ba-Sr magmatism in the Mineiro Belt, southern S?o Francisco Craton显示文摘Plutonic rocks from the Mineiro Belt, Brazil record a delayed onset of the transition from TTG to sanukitoid-type magmatism(high Ba-Sr), starting during the Siderian magmatic lull when little juvenile magma was added to the continental crust. Rocks mostly belong to the calc-alkaline series, meta-to peraluminous and originally 'Ⅰ-type',meaning that oxidized magmas were formed by partial melting of subducted material. The temporal distribution and apparent secular changes of the magmas are consistent with the onset of subduction-driven plate tectonics due to an increase of the subduction angle and opening of the mantle wedge. New isotopic analyses(Sm-Nd whole rock and Lu-Hf in zircon)corroborate the restricted juvenile nature of the Mineiro Belt and confirm the genetic link between the Lagoa Dourada Suite,a rare ca. 2350 Ma high-Al tonalite-trondhjemite magmatic event, and the sanukitoid-type ca. 2130 Ma Alto Maranhao Suite. U-Pb dating of zircon and titanite constrain the crystallisation history of plutonic bodies; coupled with major and trace element analyses of the host rocks, they distinguish evolutionary trends in the Mineiro Belt. Several plutons in the region have ages close to 2130 Ma but are distinguished by the lower concentration of compatible elements in the juvenile high Ba-Sr suite. | Hugo Moreira Luís Seixas Craig Storey Mike Fowler Stephanie Lasalle Ross Stevenson Cristiano Lana | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，4： | 3 |
| 17 | 综合老化腐蚀试验显示文摘介绍了综合老化腐蚀试验,包括其循环试验条件、腐蚀试验结果验证及试验方法的改进,指出该方法是检验工业防护涂层实用性的最有效试验方法之一。 | J Quill J Gauntner S Fowler J Regan 张恒 孙杏蕾 | 2015 | 上海涂料2015，53，5： | 3 |
| 18 | Effect of Carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure显示文摘 | Packer M Coats AJS Fowler MB | 2001 | N Engl J Med2001，344，22： | 2 |
| 19 | Raised paraspinal muscle activity reduces rate of stature recovery after loaded exercise in individuals with chronic low back pain显示文摘 | Emma L. Healey Neil E. Fowler Adrian M. Burden Islay M. McEwan | 2005 | Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation2005，，4： | 2 |
| 20 | Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin显示文摘 | Knowler WC Barrett-Connor E Fowler SE | | 0，，： | 2 |
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