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| 1 | Psychosocial mechanisms for the transmission of somatic symptoms from parents to children显示文摘AIM: To examine familial aggregation of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) via parental reinforcement/modeling of symptoms, coping, psychological distress, and exposure to stress.METHODS:Mothers of children between the ages of8 and 15 years with and without IBS were identified through the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.Mothers completed questionnaires,including the Child Behavior Checklist(child psychological distress),the Family Inventory of Life Events(family exposure to stress),SCL-90R(mother psychological distress),and the Pain Response Inventory(beliefs about pain).Children were interviewed separately from their parents and completed the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire(beliefs about pain),Pain Response Inventory(coping)and Child Symptom Checklist[gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms].In addition,health care utilization data was obtained from the automated database of Group Health Cooperative.Mothers with IBS(n=207)and their 296 children were compared to 240 control mothers and their 335 children,while controlling for age and education.RESULTS:Hypothesis 1:reinforcement of expression of GI problems is only related to GI symptoms,but not others(cold symptoms)in children.There was no significant correlation between parental reinforcement of symptoms and child expression of GI or other symptoms.Hypothesis 2:modeling of GI symptomsis related to GI but not non-GI symptom reporting in children.Children of parents with IBS reported more non-GI(8.97 vs 6.70,P<0.01)as well as more GI(3.24 vs 2.27,P<0.01)symptoms.Total health care visits made by the mother correlated with visits made by the child(rho=0.35,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.26,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 3:children learn to share the methods of coping with illness that their mothers exhibit.Methods used by children to cope with stomachaches differed from methods used by their mothers.Only 2/16 scales showed weak but significant correlations(stoicism rho=0.13,P<0.05;acceptance rho=0.13,P<0.05).Hypothesis 4:mothers and children share psychological traits such as anxiety,depression,and somatization.Child psychological distress correlated with mother’s psychological distress(rho=0.41,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.38,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 5:stress that affects the whole family might explain the similarities between mothers and their children.Family exposure to stress was not a significant predictor of children’s symptom reports.Hypothesis 6:the intergenerational transmission of GI illness behavior may be due to multiple mechanisms.Regression analysis identified multiple independent predictors of the child’s GI complaints,which were similar to the predictors of the child’s non-GI symptoms(mother’s IBS status,child psychological symptoms,child catastrophizing,and child age).CONCLUSION:Multiple factors influence the reporting of children’s gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms.The clustering of illness within families is best understood using a model that incorporates all these factors. | Miranda AL van Tilburg Rona L Levy Lynn S Walker Michael Von Korff Lauren D Feld Michelle Garner Andrew D Feld William E Whitehead | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，18： | 2 |
| 2 | Proving a distribution-free generation of the Condorcet Jury theorem 显示文摘 | Owen G B Grofman B Feld S L | 1989 | Mathematical Social Science1989，17，： | 1 |
| 3 | Employee ownership:A conceptual model of process and effects显示文摘 | Pierce J L Ruben feld SA and Morgan S | 1991 | Academy of Management Review1991，16，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Detecting measurement bias in respondent reports of personal networks显示文摘 | FELD S L CARTER W C | 2002 | Social Networks2002，24，： | 1 |
| 5 | Selective pressure affects transfer and establishment of a Lactobacillus plantarum resistance plasmid in the gastrointestinal environment显示文摘 | FELD L SCHJORRING S HAMMER K | 2008 | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy2008，61，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Trust Breeds Trust:How Taxpayers are Treated显示文摘 | Feld L P Frey B S | 2002 | Economics of Governance2002，，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Genetic charac- terization and cloning of mothers against dpp, a gene required for decapentaplegic 显示文摘 | Sekelsky J J New feld S J Raflery L A | 1995 | Genetics1995，139，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Glomerular type Ⅳ coll agen in patients with diabetic nephropathy with and without additional glomerula r disease显示文摘 | Adler S G Feld S Striker L | 2000 | Kidney Int2000，57，： | 1 |
| 9 | Optimal thyrotropin level:normal ranges and reference intervals are not equivalent显示文摘 | Dickey RA Wartofsky L Feld S | 2005 | Thyroid2005，15，9： | 1 |
| 10 | Genetic characterization and cloning of mothers against dpp,a gene required for decapentaplegic function in drosophila melano gaster显示文摘 | NEW FELD S J REFTERY L A | 1995 | Genetics1995，139，3： | 1 |
| 11 | EmPloyee ownership:A Conceptual Model of Process and effects显示文摘 | Pierce J L Ruben feld S A M organ S | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 12 | Resistance to glomerular injury in the diabetic biobreeding rat 显示文摘 | Feld L G Cachero S Ellis E N | 1995 | Exp Physiol1995，80，： | 1 |
| 13 | Principles relating social regardto size and density of personal networks, with applicationsto stigma 显示文摘 | Carter W C Feld S L | 2004 | Social Networks2004，26，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Glomerular type IV collagen in patients with diabetic nephropathy with and without additional glomerular disease显示文摘 | Adler SG Feld S Striker L | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 15 | Selective pressure affects transfer and establishment of a Lactobacillus plantarum resistance plasmid in the gastrointestinal environment显示文摘 | Feld L Schj?rring S Hammer K | 2008 | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy2008，61，4： | 1 |
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