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| 1 | Generating optical orbital angular momentum at visible wavelengths using a plasmonic metasurface显示文摘Light beams with a helical phase-front possess orbital angular momentum along their direction of propagation in addition to the spin angular momentum that describes their polarisation.Until recently,it was thought that these two‘rotational’motions of light were largely independent and could not be coupled during light–matter interactions.However,it is now known that interactions with carefully designed complex media can result in spin-to-orbit coupling,where a change of the spin angular momentum will modify the orbital angular momentum and vice versa.In this work,we propose and demonstrate that the birefringence of plasmonic nanostructures can be wielded to transform circularly polarised light into light carrying orbital angular momentum.A device operating at visible wavelengths is designed from a space-variant array of subwavelength plasmonic nano-antennas.Experiment confirms that circularly polarised light transmitted through the device is imbued with orbital angular momentum of 62'(with conversion efficiency of at least 1%).This technology paves the way towards ultrathin orbital angular momentum generators that could be integrated into applications for spectroscopy,nanoscale sensing and classical or quantum communications using integrated photonic devices. | Ebrahim Karimi Sebastian A Schulz Israel De Leon Hammam Qassim Jeremy Upham Robert W Boyd | 2014 | Light(Science & Applications)2014，3，1： | 39 |
| 2 | Relationship Between Degree of Starch Gelatinization and Quality Attributes of Parboiled Rice During Steaming显示文摘Paddy rice samples were parboiled by soaking at 65 °C for 180 min and steaming at 96 °C for 2–10 min, and then dried to achieve the final moisture content of 11% ± 1%. The degree of starch gelatinization(DSG) and several quality attributes(head rice yield(HRY), color value and hardness) of parboiled rice were measured. Results showed that DSG(46.8%–77.9%), color value(18.08–19.04) and hardness(118.6–219.2 N) all increased following steaming. In contrast, the HRY increased(64.8%–67.1%) for steaming times between 2–4 min but decreased(67.1%–65.0%) for steaming times between 4–10 min. Linear relations between DSG and color value(R^2 = 0.87), and DSG and hardness(R^2 = 0.88) were observed. The suitable DSG of parboiled rice leading to the highest HRY was found to be 62.5%, obtained following 4 min of steaming. | Ebrahim TAGHINEZHAD Mohammad Hadi KHOSHTAGHAZA Saeid MINAEI Toru SUZUKI Tom BRENNER | 2016 | Rice science2016，23，6： | 15 |
| 3 | 焦炉烟道气双氨法一体化脱硫脱硝:从实验室到工业实验显示文摘针对目前焦炉烟道气脱硫脱硝方法设备投资和运行成本偏高的不足,提出双氨法一体化脱硫脱硝工艺,充分利用焦化自产浓氨水作为脱硫脱硝剂,利用焦化自有硫铵工序作为脱硫脱硝产品的资源化平台,将脱硫脱硝工艺有机'镶嵌'入焦化主工艺。实验研究了臭氧用量、氨水浓度、温度等对脱硫脱硝的影响,通过模拟计算优化了浓氨水用量、循环喷淋量等工业脱硫脱硝塔的关键参数,最终设计了双氨法一体化脱硫脱硝工业实验流程,并选择自分布式多降液管斜孔塔板作为一体化脱硫脱硝塔的内件。结合工艺设计、设备设计,最终建成处理10×104m^3·h^(-1)的焦炉烟道气脱硫脱硝工业实验装置,脱硫脱硝后烟道气SO_2和NO可分别降至10 mg·m^(-3)和150mg·m^(-3)以下,完全满足GB 16171—2012的要求。 | 汤志刚 贺志敏 Ebrahim 郭栋 赵志军 邢潇 温燕明 王登富 姜爱国 康春清 刘敬学 | 2017 | 化工学报2017，68，2： | 14 |
| 4 | Biofilm formation in clinical isolates of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii and its relationship with multidrug resistance显示文摘Objective: To check biofilm formation by Acinetobacter baumannii(A. baumannii)clinical isolates and show their susceptibility to different antibiotics and investigate a possible link between establishment of biofilm and multidrug resistance.Methods: This study was performed on clinical samples collected from patients with nosocomial infections in three hospitals of Tehran. Samples were initially screened by culture and biochemical tests for the presence of different species of Acinetobacter. Identifications were further confirmed by PCR assays. Their susceptibilities to 11 antibiotics of different classes were determined by disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The ability to produce biofilm was investigated using methods: culture on Congo red agar, microtiter plate, and test tube method.Results: From the overall clinical samples, 156 specimens were confirmed to contain A. baumannii. The bacteria were highly resistant to most antibiotics except polymyxin B.Of these isolates, 10.26% were able to produce biofilms as shown on Congo red agar.However, the percentage of bacteria with positive biofilm in test tube, standard microtiter plate, and modified microtiter plate assays were 48.72%, 66.66%, and 73.72%, respectively. At least 92% of the biofilm forming isolates were multidrug resistant.Conclusions: Since most of the multidrug resistant strains produce biofilm, it seems necessary to provide continuous monitoring and determination of antibiotic susceptibility of clinical A. baumannii. This would help to select the most appropriate antibiotic for treatment. | Ebrahim Babapour Azam Haddadi Reza Mirnejad Seyed-Abdolhamid Angaji Nour Amirmozafari | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2016，6，6： | 13 |
| 5 | Rare earth elements distribution in marine sediments of Malaysia coasts显示文摘In the east coast Peninsular Malaysia region,sediments are transported by several rivers from the east Malaysia into the South China Sea estuary.In the vicinity of the five river estuaries core sediments were collected in order to investigate rare earth elements(REEs) profile.Core sediments were divided into strata of between 2 to 4 cm intervals and prepared for analyzing by ICP-AES.REE concentrations of 54.3 μg/gr at 24-26 cm in EC4 increased to 114.1 μg/gr at 20-22 cm in EC5.The measured concentration of LREEs and Fe normalized enrichment factors indicated that sediments were not enriched with light rare earth elements derived from effluents of anthropogenic activities.Results of the total concentration were used to establish baseline data in environmental pollution assessment and to develop the correlations between the Ce/Ce and Eu/Eu anomalies and the distribution patterns of some light rare earth elements(LREEs) and the heavy rare earth elements(HREEs).The chondrite-normalized ratios of REEs showed LREEs enrichment and flat HREE depletion. | Rezaee Ebrahim Saraee Khadijeh Saion B.Elias Abdul Khalik Wood Abdi Mohammad Reza | 2009 | Journal of Rare Earths2009，27，6： | 11 |
| 6 | The aflatoxin B1 isolating potential of two lactic acid bacteria显示文摘Objective:To determine lactic acid bacteria's capability to enhance the process of binding and isolating aflatoxin B1 and to utilize such lactic acid bacteria as a food supplement or probiotic products for preventing absorption of aflatoxin Bl in human and animal bodies.Methods:In the present research,the bacteria were isolated from five different sources.For surveying the capability of the bacteria in isolating aflatoxin Bl,ELISA method was implemented,and for identifying the resultant strains through 16S rRNA sequencing method,universal primers were applied.Results:Among the strains which were isolated,two strains of Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus beveris exhibited the capability of absorbing and isolating aflatoxin Bl by respectively absorbing and discharging 17.4%and 34.7%of the aforementioned toxin existing in the experiment solution.Conclusions:Strains of Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus beveris were isolated from human feces and local milk samples,respectively.And both strains has the ability to isolate or bind with aflatoxin Bl. | Adel Hamidi Reza Mirnejad Emad Yahaghi Vahid Behnod Ali Mirhosseini Sajad Amani Sara Sattari Ebrahim Khodaverdi Darian | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，9： | 8 |
| 7 | Degradation mechanisms of oxytetracycline in the environment显示文摘Over the past few decades,the usage of oxytetracycline(OTC),a kind of antibiotic,has increased with the development of aquaculture and livestock breeding.However,about 30–90%of the applied antibiotics are excreted as the parent compounds into the environment,especially with the application of animal manure to agricultural fields.This large influx of antibiotics may lead to the destruction of the natural microbial ecological community and pose great threats to human beings through the food chain.Therefore,the fate and toxicity of OTC in the environment are issues of great concern.Degradation of OTC,including the non-biodegradation and biodegradation,and the biological toxicity of its degradation products or metabolites,are reviewed in this paper.The non-biodegradation pathways include hydroxylation,quinonization,demethylation,decarbonylation,dehydration and secondary alcohol oxidation.Light(particularly UV light),pH and oxidizing substances play important roles in non-biodegradation.Biodegradation products include 4-epi-OTC(EOTC),2-acetyl-2-decarboxy-amido-OTC(ADOTC),α-apo-OTC andβ-apo-OTC.EOTC is an epimer and identied except for the configuration of the C4 dimethylamino group of OTC.Temperature and pH are the main factors affecting biodegradation pathways of OTC.In addition,this review discusses concerns over the biological toxicity of OTC degradation products. | LI Zhao-jun QI Wei-ning FENG Yao LIU Yuan-wang Ebrahim Shehata LONG Jian | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，9： | 8 |
| 8 | TIRAP rs8177374 gene polymorphism increased the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zahedan,southeast Iran显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the possible association between Toll-interleukin 1 receptor(TIR) domain containing adaptor protein(TIRAP;also known as MAI.) rsl893352 and rs8l77374(S180L) gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) in a sample of Iranian population.Methods:This case-control study was performed on 174 PTB and 177 healthy subjects.Tetra amplification refractory mutation systetn-polymerase chain reaction(T-AKMS-PCR) was used to detect the polymorphisms.Results:Our finding showed that neither the overall Ckisqaare comparison of PTB and control subjects nor the logistic regression analysis indicated any association between rsl893352 polymorphism and PTB.Regarding rs8l77374 polymorphism,the CT genotype as well as CT+TT increased the risk of PTB in comparison with CC genotype(OR=4.73,95%CI=2.65-8.45,P<0.0001 and OR=6.47,95%C1=3.68-11.38,P<0.0001.respectively).The rs8177374 T allele increased the risk of PTB in comparison with C allele(OR=4.21.95%CI=2.43-7.26,P<0.0001).Conclusions:Our finding indicates that TIRAP rs8177374 polymorphism is associated with PTB in a sample of Iranian population. | Mohammad Naderi Mohammad Hashemi Zahra Pourmontaseri Ebrahim Eskari-Nasab Gholamreza Bahari Mohsen Taheri | 2014 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2014，7，6： | 8 |
| 9 | Development of a least squares support vector machine model for prediction of natural gas hydrate formation temperature显示文摘Hydrates always are considered as a threat to petroleum industry due to the operational problems it can cause.These problems could result in reducing production performance or even production stoppage for a long time.In this paper, we were intended to develop a LSSVM algorithm for prognosticating hydrate formation temperature(HFT) in a wide range of natural gas mixtures. A total number of 279 experimental data points were extracted from open literature to develop the LSSVM. The input parameters were chosen based on the hydrate structure that each gas species form. The modeling resulted in a robust algorithm with the squared correlation coefficients(R^2) of 0.9918. Aside from the excellent statistical parameters of the model, comparing proposed LSSVM with some of conventional correlations showed its supremacy, particularly in the case of sour gases with high H_2S concentrations, where the model surpasses all correlations and existing thermodynamic models. For detection of the probable doubtful experimental data, and applicability of the model, the Leverage statistical approach was performed on the data sets. This algorithm showed that the proposed LSSVM model is statistically valid for HFT prediction and almost all the data points are in the applicability domain of the model. | Mohammad Mesbah Ebrahim Soroush Mashallah Rezakazemi | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2017，25，9： | 6 |
| 10 | Wettability alteration and oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition of smart water and surfactants into carbonates显示文摘Naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs have very low oil recovery efficiency owing to their wettability and tightness of matrix.However,smart water can enhance oil recovery by changing the wettability of the carbonate rock surface from oilwet to water-wet,and the addition of surfactants can also change surface wettability.In the present study,the effects of a solution of modified seawater with some surfactants,namely C12 TAB,SDS,and TritonX-100(TX-100),on the wettability of carbonate rock were investigated through contact angle measurements.Oil recovery was studied using spontaneous imbibition tests at 25,70,and 90°C,followed by thermal gravity analysis to measure the amount of adsorbed material on the carbonate surface.The results indicated that Ca2+,Mg2+,and SO42-.ions may alter the carbonate rock wettability from oil-wet to water-wet,with further water wettability obtained at higher concentrations of the ions in modified seawater.Removal of NaCl from the imbibing fluid resulted in a reduced contact angle and significantly enhanced oil recovery.Low oil recoveries were obtained with modified seawater at 25 and 70°C,but once the temperature was increased to 90°C,the oil recovery in the spontaneous imbibition experiment increased dramatically.Application of smart water with C12 TAB surfactant at 0.1 wt%changed the contact angle from 161°to 52°and enhanced oil recovery to 72%,while the presence of the anionic surfactant SDS at 0.1 wt%in the smart water increased oil recovery to 64.5%.The TGA analysis results indicated that the adsorbed materials on the carbonate surface were minimal for the solution containing seawater with C12 TAB at 0.1 wt%(SW+CTAB(0.1 wt%)).Based on the experimental results,a mechanism was proposed for wettability alteration of carbonate rocks using smart water with SDS and C12 TAB surfactants. | Saeb Ahmadi Mostafa Hosseini Ebrahim Tangestani Seyyed Ebrahim Mousavi Mohammad Niazi | 2020 | Petroleum Science2020，17，3： | 6 |
| 11 | Quercetin protects liver injury induced by bile duct ligation via attenuation of Rac1 and NADPH oxidase1 expression in rats显示文摘BACKGROUND: Bile duct ligation(BDL) and subsequent cholestasis are correlated with oxidative stress, hepatocellular injury and fibrosis. Quercetin is a flavonoid with antifibrotic,and hepatoprotective properties. However, the molecular mechanism underlying quercetin-mediated hepatoprotection is not fully understood. The current study was to evaluate mechanisms of hepatoprotective effect of quercetin in BDL rat model.METHODS: We divided male Wistar rats into 4 groups(n=8 for each): sham, sham+quercetin(30 mg/kg per day), BDL, and BDL+quercetin(30 mg/kg per day). Four weeks later, the rats were sacrificed, the blood was collected for liver enzyme measurements and liver for the measurement of Rac1, Rac1-GTP and NOX1 mR NA and protein levels by quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively.RESULTS: Quercetin significantly alleviated liver injury in BDL rats as evidenced by histology and reduced liver enzymes.Furthermore, the m RNA and protein expression of Rac1,Rac1-GTP and NOX1 were significantly increased in BDL rats compared with those in the sham group(P<0.05); quercetin treatment reversed these variables back toward normal(P<0.05). Another interesting finding was that the antioxidant markers e.g. superoxide dismutase and catalase were elevated in quercetin-treated BDL rats compared to BDL rats(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Quercetin demonstrated hepatoprotective activity against BDL-induced liver injury through increasing antioxidant capacity of the liver tissue, while preventing the production of Rac1, Rac1-GTP and NOX1 proteins. | Razieh Kabirifar Zohreh-al-sadat Ghoreshi Fatemeh Safari Alireza Karimollah Ali Moradi Ebrahim Eskandari-nasab | 2017 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2017，16，1： | 6 |
| 12 | Long-term spaceflight and the cardiovascular system显示文摘While early investigations into the physiological effects of spaceflight suggest the body’s ability to reversibly adapt,the corresponding effects of long-term spaceflight(>6months)aremuch less conclusive.Prolonged exposure to microgravity and radiation yields profound effects on the cardiovascular system,including a massive cephalad fluid translocation and altered arterial pressure,which attenuate blood pressure regulatory mechanisms and increase cardiac output.Also,central venous pressure decreases as a result of the loss of venous compression.The stimulation of baroreceptors by the cephalad shift results in an approximately 10%–15%reduction in plasma volume,with fluid translocating from the vascular lumen to the interstitium.Despite possible increases in cardiac workload,myocyte atrophy and notable,yet unexplained,alterations in hematocrit have been observed.Atrophy is postulated to result from shunting of protein synthesis from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria via mortalin-mediated action.While data are scarce regarding their causative agents,arrhythmias have been frequently reported,albeit sublethal,during both Russian and American expeditions,with QT interval prolongation observed in long,but not short duration,spaceflight.Exposure of the heart to the proton and heavy ion radiation of deep space has also been shown to result in coronary artery degeneration,aortic stiffness,carotid intima thickening via collagen-mediated action,accelerated atherosclerosis,and induction of a pro-inflammatory state.Upon return,long-term spaceflight frequently results in orthostatic intolerance and altered sympathetic responses,which can prove hazardous should any rapidmobilization or evacuation be required,and indicates that these cardiac risks should be especially monitored for future missions. | Nicholas A.Vernice Cem Meydan Ebrahim Afshinnekoo Christopher E.Mason | 2020 | Precision Clinical Medicine2020，3，4： | 6 |
| 13 | Synthesis and antibacterial activity of Schiff bases of 5-substituted isatins显示文摘Based on the existing reports on the bioactive isatin derivatives, a number of Schiff bases were synthesized by reacting 5-substituted isatins with bioactive amines/hydrazides and their structures were confirmed using spectroscopic methods such as NMR, IR and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, Nbenzylation of isatin followed by the Schiff base formation furnished a new series of compounds(11a–13c) which allowed the analysis of the effect of isatin N-substitution on the bioactivity of the resulting compounds. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized derivatives was evaluated using a microtiter plate method on a series of gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. Compounds 2d, 3b, 5c and 6a were among the most potent derivatives against Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MIC = 6.25 μg/m L).Analysis of the structure–activity relationship showed that the incorporation of(thio)urea-based Schiff bases lead to more potent derivatives with a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity. In addition,highly lipophilic compounds such as 11a–12c did not show any measurable antibacterial activity, which implies that an optimal lipophilicity might be an important requirement for the antibacterial activity of the studied isatins. Finally, the finding that hydantoin derivatives of N-benzylisatins(13a–13c) still exhibit some antibacterial activity prompted us to consider exploring the bioactivity of more diverse derivatives of isatin-aminohydantoin Schiff bases(compounds 1a–1d) in our future studies. | Kamaleddin Haj Mohammad Ebrahim Tehrani Maryam Hashemi Maryam Hassan Farzad Kobarfard Shohreh Mohebbi | 2016 | Chinese Chemical Letters2016，27，2： | 6 |
| 14 | Evaluation of patients with dry eye disease for conjunctival Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum显示文摘AIM:To determine the possibility of the development of dry eye disease(DED) as a result of persistent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the conjunctiva of patients.METHODS: This study was conducted on 58 patients of age range 20-50 y,diagnosed with DED confirmed by Schirmer I test and tear breakup time.The non-dry eye control group included 27 subjects of the same age.Ocular specimens were collected as conjunctival scrapings and swabs divided into three groups: the first used for bacterial culture,the second and third taken to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum by direct fluorescent antibody(DFA) assay and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method. RESULTS: Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 65.5% and 76% of DED patients by DFA and PCR methods respectively.Ureaplasma urealyticum was found in 44.8% of DED infected patients using the PCR method.Both organisms were identified in only 37.9% of DED patients found to be infected.Control subjects had a 22%detection rate of Chlamydia trachomatis by DFA assay versus a 7% detection rate by PCR; while Ureaplasma urealyticum was detected in 3.7% of the controls by PCR method.The conjunctival culture revealed that gram positive microorganisms represented 75% of isolates with coagulase negative Staphylococci the most common(50%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus(20%),whereas gram negative microorganisms occurred in 25% of cases,isolating Moraxella spp.as the most frequent organism. CONCLUSION: Our results tend to point out that Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum were detected in a moderate percentage of patients with DED,and could be a fair possibility for its development.PCR is more reliable in detecting Chlamydia trachomatis than DFA technique.The presence of isolated conjunctival bacterial microflora can be of some potential value. | Maha Mohssen Abdelfattah Rania Abdelmonem Khattab Magda H.Mahran Ebrahim S.Elborgy | 2016 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2016，9，10： | 6 |
| 15 | Selective methanation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen rich stream over Ni/CeO_2 nanocatalysts显示文摘In the present work, selective methanation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen rich stream was investigated over Ni/CeO2 nanocatalysts. The obtained results revealed that increasing in nickel loading decreased the BET surface area, pore volume and nickel dispersion. The 25% Ni/CeO2 with a NiO crystal size of 12 nm exhibited the highest activity in CO methanation reaction and reached to maximum CO conversion and CH4 selectivity at temperatures above 230 ℃. The catalytic results revealed that CO selective methanation well progressed at lower temperatures while CO2 methanation was completely suppressed until CO conversion reached to maximum value. | Behzad Nematollahi Mehran Rezaei Ebrahim Nemati Lay | 2015 | Journal of Rare Earths2015，33，6： | 6 |
| 16 | An in vitro evaluation of novel NHA/zircon plasma coating on 316L stainless steel dental implant显示文摘The surface characteristics of an implant that influence the speed and strength of osseointegration include crystal structure and bioactivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of a novel natural hydroxyapatite/zircon(NHA/zircon) nanobiocomposite coating on 316L stainless steel(SS) dental implants soaking in simulated body fluid. A novel NHA/zircon nanobiocomposite was fabricated with 0(control),5, 10, and 15 wt% of zircon in NHA using ball mill for 1 h. The composite mixture was coated on SS implants using a plasma spray method.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to evaluate surface morphology, and X-ray diffraction(XRD) was used to analyze phase composition and crystallinity(Xc). Further, calcium ion release was measured to evaluate the coated nanobiocomposite samples. The prepared NHA/zircon coating had a nanoscale morphological structure with a mean crystallite size of 30–40 nm in diameter and a bone-like composition,which is similar to that of the biological apatite of a bone. For the prepared NHA powder, high bioactivity was observed owing to the formation of apatite crystals on its surface. Both minimum crystallinity(Xc=41.1%) and maximum bioactivity occurred in the sample containing 10 wt% of zircon because of minimum Xcand maximum biodegradation of the coating sample. | Ebrahim Karamian Mahmood Reza Kalantar Motamedi Amirsalar Khandan Parisa Soltani Sahel Maghsoudi | 2014 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2014，24，2： | 6 |
| 17 | Macroeconomic impacts of oil price volatility: mitigation and resilience显示文摘最尤其是在活动性,在各种各样的部门的导出油的燃料上的相关性让全球经济脆弱到几个宏观经济的经济副作用。众多的研究在特定的经济参数上探讨了价格轻快的效果。然而,当前的文学缺乏在全球宏观经济的性能和油价格轻快(OPV ) 之间的相互作用的全面评论。普里斯轻快在商品市场是内在的,但是在过去的十年与另外的商品相比在原油市场以更快的率一直在进展,反映象大多数 globalised 商品的油的地位。在这份报纸,到 OPV 的宏观经济的代理人的行为的回答的分析文学评论和分析证明如此的轻快有几损坏并且使动摇将介绍一个基本障碍给未来的宏观经济的影响持续经济生长如果留给未受制止。为了从 OPV,供应的联合和要求方面政策保证宏观经济的隔离,被推荐了减轻并且造跳回到经济无常的那罐头帮助由 OPV 进展了。 | Zoheir EBRAHIM Oliver R, INDERWILDI David A. KING | 2014 | Frontiers in Energy2014，8，1： | 5 |
| 18 | Performance of low-salinity water flooding for enhanced oil recovery improved by SiO_2 nanoparticles显示文摘Low-salinity water injection has been utilized as a promising method for oil recovery in recent years. Low-salinity water flooding changes the ion composition or brine salinity for improving oil recovery. Recently, the application of nanoparticles with low-salinity water flooding has shown remarkable results in enhanced oil recovery(EOR). Many studies have been performed on the effect of nanofluids on EOR mechanisms. Their results showed that nanofluids can improve oil recovery when used in low-salinity water flooding. In this work, the effects of injection of low-salinity water and low-salinity nanofluid(prepared by adding SiO_2 nanoparticles to low-salinity water) on oil recovery were investigated. At first, the effects of ions were investigated with equal concentrations in low-salinity water flooding. The experimental results showed that the monovalent ions had better performance than the divalent ions because of them having more negative zeta potential and less ionic strength. Also, low-salinity water flooding recovered 6.1% original oil in place(OOIP) more than the high-salinity flooding. Contact angle measurements demonstrated that low-salinity water could reduce the contact angle between oil and water. Then in the second stage, experiments were continued by adding SiO_2 nanoparticles to the K+ solution which had the highest oil recovery at the first stage. The experimental results illustrated that the addition of Si02 nanoparticles up to 0.05 wt% increased oil recovery by about 4% OOIP more than the low-salinity water flooding. | Tangestani Ebrahim Vafaie Sefti Mohsen Shadman Mohammad Mahdi Kazemi Tooseh Esmaeel Ahmadi Saeb | 2019 | Petroleum Science2019，16，2： | 5 |
| 19 | Discontinuous rock slope stability analysis by limit equilibrium approaches–a review显示文摘Slope stability is one of the most important topics of engineering geology with a background of more than 300 years.So far,various stability assessment techniques have been developed which include a range of simple evaluations,planar failure,limit state criteria,limit equilibrium analysis,numerical methods,hybrid and high-order approaches which are implemented in two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)space.In the meantime,limit equilibrium methods due to their simplicity,short analysis time,coupled with probabilistic and statistics functions to estimate the safety factor(F.S),probable slip surface,application on different failure mechanisms,and varied geological conditions has been received special attention from researchers.The presented paper provides a review to limit equilibrium methods used for discontinuous rock slope stability analyses with different failure mechanisms of natural and cut slopes.The article attempted to provide a systematic review for rock slope stability analysis outlook based on limit equilibrium approaches. | Mohammad Azarafza Haluk Akgün Akbar Ghazifard Ebrahim Asghari-Kaljahi Jafar Rahnamarad Reza Derakhshani | 2021 | International Journal of Digital Earth2021，14，12： | 5 |
| 20 | Medicinal plants with hepatoprotective activity in Iranian folk medicine显示文摘There are a number of medicinal combinations in the Iranian traditional medicine which are commonly used as tonic for liver.In this review,we have introduced some medicinal plants that are used mainly for the treatment of liver disorders in Iranian folk medicine,with focus on their hepatoprotective effects particularly against CCI_4 agent.In this study,online databases including Web of Science.PubMed.Scopus,and Science Direct were searched for papers published from January 1970 to December 2013.Search terms consisted of medicinal plants,traditional medicine,folk medicine,hepatoprotective.Iran,liver,therapeutic uses,compounds,antioxidant.CCI_4.anti-inflammatory,and antihepatotoxic,hepatitis,alone or in combination.Allium hirtifolium Boiss..Apium graveolens L..Cynara scolyinus.Berberis vulgaris L..,Calendula officinalis,Nigella sativa L..Taraxacum officinale.Tragopogon porrifolius.Prangos ferulacea L..Allium sativum,Marribium vulgare,Ammi majus L..Citrullus lanatus Thunb.Agrimonia eupatoria L.and Primus armeniaca L.are some of the medicinal plants that have been used for the treatment of liver disorders in Iranian folk medicine.Out of several leads obtained from plants containing potential hepatoprotective agents,silymarin,P-sitosterol,betalain,neoandrographolide.phyllanthin.andrographolide.curcumin.picroside.hypophyllanlhin.kutkoside,and glycyrrhizin have been demonstrated to have potent hepatoprotective properties.Despite encouraging data on possibility of new discoveries in the near future,the evidence on treating viral hepatitis or other chronic liver diseases by herbal medications is not adequate. | Majid Asadi-Samani Najme Kafash-Farkhad Nafiseh Azimi Ali Fasihi Ebrahim Alinia-Ahandani Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei | 2015 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2015，5，2： | 5 |
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