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| 1 | Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians显示文摘Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem encountered in the emergency department and in the primary care setting. Acute or overt gastrointestinal bleeding is visible in the form of hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. Chronic or occult gastrointestinal bleeding is notapparent to the patient and usually presents as positive fecal occult blood or iron deficiency anemia. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is recurrent bleeding when the source remains unidentified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopic evaluation and is usually from the small intestine. Accurate clinical diagnosis is crucial and guides definitive investigations and interventions. This review summarizes the overall diagnostic approach to gastrointestinal bleeding and provides a practical guide for clinicians. | Bong Sik Matthew Kim Bob T Li Alexander Engel Jaswinder S Samra Stephen Clarke Ian D Norton Angela E Li | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，4： | 13 |
| 2 | Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A state-of-the-art review显示文摘The development of artificial intelligence(AI)has increased dramatically in the last 20 years,with clinical applications progressively being explored for most of the medical specialties.The field of gastroenterology and hepatology,substantially reliant on vast amounts of imaging studies,is not an exception.The clinical applications of AI systems in this field include the identification of premalignant or malignant lesions(e.g.,identification of dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus,pancreatic malignancies),detection of lesions(e.g.,polyp identification and classification,small-bowel bleeding lesion on capsule endoscopy,pancreatic cystic lesions),development of objective scoring systems for risk stratification,predicting disease prognosis or treatment response[e.g.,determining survival in patients post-resection of hepatocellular carcinoma),determining which patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)will benefit from biologic therapy],or evaluation of metrics such as bowel preparation score or quality of endoscopic examination.The objective of this comprehensive review is to analyze the available AI-related studies pertaining to the entirety of the gastrointestinal tract,including the upper,middle and lower tracts;IBD;the hepatobiliary system;and the pancreas,discussing the findings and clinical applications,as well as outlining the current limitations and future directions in this field. | Paul T Kröner Megan ML Engels Benjamin S Glicksberg Kipp W Johnson Obaie Mzaik Jeanin E van Hooft Michael B Wallace Hashem B El-Serag Chayakrit Krittanawong | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，40： | 6 |
| 3 | Mesozoic giant fleas from northeastern China (Siphonaptera):Taxonomy and implications for palaeodiversity显示文摘The recently discovered definite giant fleas from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou fauna and the Early Cretaceous Jehol fauna of northeastern China represent significant evidence for understanding ectoparasitism in the Mesozoic as well as the evolution of these giant blood feeders with their putative hosts (i.e. hairy or feathered vertebrates). On the basis of seven well-preserved specimens from Daohugou and Huangbanjigou we analyse the systematic classification of these primitive fleas, establishing two new genera and three new species as Pseudopulex wangi sp. nov., Hadropsylla sinica gen. et sp. nov., and Tyrannopsylla beipiaoensis gen. et sp. nov. All of them are assigned to the extinct siphonapteran family Pseudopulicidae, while the Early Cretaceous genus Tarwinia is transferred to Tarwiniidae fam. nov. The basal morphological disparities of Siphonaptera in the Mesozoic are evidenced by the occurrence of at least three distinct groups (pseudopulicids, tarwiniids, and saurophthirids). These disparate morphologies likely indicate adaptations to different hosts. | HUANG DiYing ENGEL Michael S CAI ChenYang NEL André | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，14： | 4 |
| 4 | A transmembrane CXC chemokine is a ligand for HIV-coreceptor Bonzo显示文摘 | David A Engel S | 2000 | Nat Immunol2000，1，： | 1 |
| 5 | An all chemical solution deposition approach for the growth of highly textured CeO2 cap layers on La2Zr2OT-buffer long lengths of biaxially textured Ni-W substrates for YBCO coated conductors 显示文摘 | ENGEL S KNOTH K HOHNE R | 2005 | Super Sci Tech2005，18，10： | 1 |
| 6 | Resonance Attractors of Spiral waves in Excitable Media under Global Feedback显示文摘 | ZYKOV V S ENGEL H | 2002 | Phys Rev2002，66，01： | 1 |
| 7 | Evolutionary conservation in the untranslated regions of actin mRNAs:DNA sequence of a human beta-actin cDNA显示文摘 | Ponte P Ng S Engel J | 1984 | Nucl Acids Res1984，12，： | 1 |
| 8 | Prediction and verification of electromagnetic forces in helical coil launches 显示文摘 | ENGEL T DWAYNE S NUNNALLY W | 2003 | IEEE Transactions on Magnetics2003，39，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Avoiding invasive mechanical ventilation by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal in patients failing noninvasive ventilation 显示文摘 | Kluge S Braune SA Engel M | 2012 | Intensive Care Med2012，38，： | 1 |
| 10 | Cellular and molecular biology of the aquaporin water channels显示文摘 | Borgnia M Nielsen S Engel A | 1999 | Biochem1999，68，： | 1 |
| 11 | Cellular and molecular biology of the aquaporin water channels显示文摘 | Borgnia M Nielsen S Engel A | 1999 | Annual Review of Biochemistry1999，68，： | 1 |
| 12 | Designing payments for environmental services in theory and practice:An overview of the issues显示文摘 | Engel S Pagiola S Wunder S | | 0，，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Characterization of dissolved organic matter in cave and spring waters using UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy 显示文摘 | Birdwell J E Engel A S | 2010 | Organic Geochemistry2010，41，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Low admission Norton scores are associated with falls long after rehabilita tion in elderly with hip fractures 显示文摘 | Halperin E Engel T Sherman S | 2012 | Clin Inter Aging2012，7，8： | 1 |
| 15 | The influence of diabetes mellitus in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a prospective cohort study显示文摘 | Woods S E Eppley C Engel A | 2008 | Am Surg2008，74，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Impact of prostatitis NIH Ⅲ B(prostatodynia) on ejaculate parameters显示文摘 | Engeler D S Hauri D John H | 2003 | Eur Urol2003，44，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Xenobiotic phenols in early pregnancy amniotic fluid 显示文摘 | Engel S M Levy B Liu Z | 2006 | Reproductive Toxicology2006，21，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Breaking Abbe' s diffraction resolution limit in fluorescence microscopy with stimulated emission depletion beams of various shapes 显示文摘 | T A Klar E Engel S W Hell | 2001 | Phys Rev E2001，64，06： | 1 |
| 19 | Spatial targeting of payments for environmental services:A tool for boosting conservation benefits显示文摘 | Wünscher T Engel S Wunder S | 2008 | Ecological Economics2008，65，： | 1 |
| 20 | Predictors and variability of repeat measurements of urinary phenols and parabens in a cohort of Shanghai women and men显示文摘 | Engel L S Buckley J P Yang G | 2014 | Environmental Health Perspectives2014，122，7： | 1 |
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