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| 1 | Long-term spaceflight and the cardiovascular system显示文摘While early investigations into the physiological effects of spaceflight suggest the body’s ability to reversibly adapt,the corresponding effects of long-term spaceflight(>6months)aremuch less conclusive.Prolonged exposure to microgravity and radiation yields profound effects on the cardiovascular system,including a massive cephalad fluid translocation and altered arterial pressure,which attenuate blood pressure regulatory mechanisms and increase cardiac output.Also,central venous pressure decreases as a result of the loss of venous compression.The stimulation of baroreceptors by the cephalad shift results in an approximately 10%–15%reduction in plasma volume,with fluid translocating from the vascular lumen to the interstitium.Despite possible increases in cardiac workload,myocyte atrophy and notable,yet unexplained,alterations in hematocrit have been observed.Atrophy is postulated to result from shunting of protein synthesis from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria via mortalin-mediated action.While data are scarce regarding their causative agents,arrhythmias have been frequently reported,albeit sublethal,during both Russian and American expeditions,with QT interval prolongation observed in long,but not short duration,spaceflight.Exposure of the heart to the proton and heavy ion radiation of deep space has also been shown to result in coronary artery degeneration,aortic stiffness,carotid intima thickening via collagen-mediated action,accelerated atherosclerosis,and induction of a pro-inflammatory state.Upon return,long-term spaceflight frequently results in orthostatic intolerance and altered sympathetic responses,which can prove hazardous should any rapidmobilization or evacuation be required,and indicates that these cardiac risks should be especially monitored for future missions. | Nicholas A.Vernice Cem Meydan Ebrahim Afshinnekoo Christopher E.Mason | 2020 | Precision Clinical Medicine2020，3，4： | 6 |
| 2 | Gamma‐Glutamyl Transferase: A Novel Cardiovascular Risk BioMarker显示文摘 | Jennifer E.Mason Rodman D.Starke John E.Van Kirk | 2009 | Preventive Cardiology2009，，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Association of CD14 variant with prostate cancer in African American men显示文摘 | Tshela E.Mason LuiselRicks‐Santi WeidongChen VictorApprey JessyJoykutty ChiledumAhaghotu RickKittles GeorgeBonney Georgia M.Dunston | 2010 | Prostate2010，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Translating current biomedical therapies for long duration,deep space missions显示文摘It is been shown that spaceflight-induced molecular,cellular,and physiologic changes cause alterations across many modalities of the human body,including cardiovascular,musculoskeletal,hematological,immunological,ocular,and neurological systems.The Twin Study,a multi-year,multi-omic study of human response to spaceflight,provided detailed and comprehensive molecular and cellular maps of the human response to radiation,microgravity,isolation,and stress.These rich data identified epigenetic,gene expression,inflammatory,and metabolic responses to spaceflight,facilitating a better biomedical roadmap of features that should be monitored and safe-guarded in upcoming missions.Further,by exploring new developments in pre-clinical models and clinical trials,we can begin to design potential cellular interventions for exploration-class missions to Mars and potentially farther.This paper will discuss the overall risks astronauts face during spaceflight,what is currently known about human response to these risks,what pharmaceutical interventions exist for use in space,and which tools of precision medicine and cellular engineering could be applied to aerospace and astronaut medicine. | Sonia Iosim Matthew MacKay Craig Westover Christopher E.Mason | 2019 | Precision Clinical Medicine2019，2，4： | 0 |
| 5 | Improved gastrointestinal health for irritable bowel syndrome with metagenome-guided interventions显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder worldwide,and the most common reason for referral to gastroenterology clinics.However,the pathophysiology is still not fully understood and consequently current management guidelines are very symptom-specific,leading to mixed results.Here we present a study of 88 individuals with IBS who had baseline sequencing of their gut microbiome(stool samples),received targeted interventions that included dietary,supplement,prebiotic/probiotic,and lifestyle recommendations for a 30-day period,and a follow-up sequencing of their gut microbiome.The study’s objectives were to demonstrate unique metagenomic signatures across the IBS phenotypes and to validate whether metagenomic-guided interventions could lead to improvement of symptom scores in individuals with IBS.Enrolled subjects also completed a baseline and post-intervention questionnaire that assessed their symptom scores.The average symptom score of an individual with IBS at baseline was 160 and at the endpoint of the study the average symptom score of the cohort was 100.9.The mixed IBS subtype showed the most significant reduction in symptom scores across the different subtypes(average decrease by 102 points,P=0.005).The metagenomics analysis reveals shifts in the microbiome post-intervention that have been cross-validated with the literature as being associated with improvement of IBS symptoms.Given the complex nature of IBS,further studies with larger sample sizes,more targeted analyses,and a broader population cohort are needed to explore these results further. | Cem Meydan Ebrahim Afshinnekoo Nate Rickard Guy Daniels Laura Kunces Theresa Hardy Loukia Lili Sarah Pesce Paul Jacobson Christopher E.Mason Joel Dudley Bodi Zhang | 2020 | Precision Clinical Medicine2020，3，2： | 0 |
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