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| 1 | Approaches to establish Q-markers for the quality standards of traditional Chinese medicines显示文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played a pivotal role in maintaining the health of Chinese people and is now gaining increasing acceptance around the global scope. However, TCM is confronting more and more concerns with respect to its quality. The intrinsic 'multicomponent and multitarget' feature of TCM necessitates the establishment of a unique quality and bioactivity evaluation system, which is different from that of the Western medicine. However, TCM is investigated essentially as'herbal medicine' or 'natural product', and the pharmacopoeia quality monographs are actually chemicalmarkers-based, which can ensure the consistency only in the assigned chemical markers, but, to some extent, have deviated from the basic TCM theory. A concept of 'quality marker'(Q-marker), following the 'property-effect-component' theory, is proposed. The establishment of Q-marker integrates multidisciplinary technologies like natural products chemistry, analytical chemistry, bionics, chemometrics,pharmacology, systems biology, and pharmacodynamics, etc. Q-marker-based fingerprint and multicomponent determination conduce to the construction of more scientific quality control system of TCM.This review delineates the background, definition, and properties of Q-marker, and the associated technologies applied for its establishment. Strategies and approaches for establishing Q-marker-based TCM quality control system are presented and highlighted with a few TCM examples. | Wenzhi Yang Yibei Zhang Wanying Wu Luqi Huang Dean Guo Changxiao Liu | 2017 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2017，7，4： | 51 |
| 2 | Understanding cancer stem cell heterogeneity and plasticity显示文摘异质是在 vitro 并且在 vivo 的哺乳动物的房间的一个无所不在的特征。甚至在最好的文化条件下面的老鼠和人的胚胎的干细胞是异构的象部分承诺的房间一样包含 pluripotent,这最近被认识到。在成年器官的体的干细胞也是异构的,包含有不同再生能力的自我更新的细胞的许多 subpopulations。成年干细胞的区分的子孙也保留能被许多试验性的途径导致的重要发展粘性。象正常干细胞一样,最近的数据建议癌症干细胞(CSC ) 同样显示重要 phenotypic 和功能的异质,并且 CSC 子孙能表明多样的粘性。这里,我在肿瘤开发和前进的上下文讨论 CSC 异质和粘性,并且由与正常干细胞开发作比较。对癌症房间粘性的欣赏必要到在肿瘤的仅仅 tumorigenic 子集需要到的更早的概念的修订被指向。由理解在 CSC 和他们的区分的子孙之间的相互关系,我们能希望开发能阻止能成立一个新肿瘤和远转移的肿瘤房间变体的出现的更好治疗学的政体。 | Dean G Tang | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，3： | 37 |
| 3 | Chinese Overseas investment Calls for Perfection of Overseas Investment Insurance显示文摘Overseas investment insurance is a non-profitable insur- ance provided by the government of a state for her enterprises which have invested in the developing countries or areas against political risks.Such a gov- ernmental guarantee system was first established in the United States in the middle of last century.Nowadays most developed countries and some of the developing countries have followed American practices and set up similar systems to encourage their enterprises to make investment in developing areas which are often regarded to be more easily to have political risks.In | Liu Yajun,associateprofessor,tutor of postgraduate,vice dean of the School of International Law of Northwest University of Political Science and Law.His main research orientation includes international trade law and international investment law. | 2008 | China's Foreign Trade2008，，8： | 22 |
| 4 | 美国退伍军人事务部/国防部成人脑卒中康复治疗管理临床实践指南(执行简写版)显示文摘背景专家委员会制定的卒中康复指南应用于退伍军人健康管理部门及国防部卫生保健系统。方法根据以前发表的指南,委员会利用美国预防服务特别工作组制定的标准,评价了截至到2002年发表的文献。指南根据临床随机化实验、非对照性研究等证据提出建议(如缺乏确定的数据则根据专家组的建议)。结果Ⅰ级水平的建议包括:在多学科康复环境中或卒中单元中传递卒中治疗,通过NI HSS对卒中患者进行评价,早期启动康复治疗,对吞咽困难患者进行吞咽功能筛查,积极进行二级预防,预防深静脉血栓等。推荐应用标准化的评价工具制定适合每个患者的全面的治疗计划。强烈建议进行抗抑郁及情感波动方面的治疗。语言治疗师应评价患者的交流及认知障碍,并在需要时提供治疗。患者、家属及护理者是康复小组的重要成员,应当介入康复的全部疗程。这些建议在以下网站可查询:http://gffzz5f80cf956d2d4616h5kkuccpfk5o66oqu.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/cgi/content/full/36/9/e100。并附有每项建议的全文证据表。结论这些建议应平等地应用于所有临床环境中的所有卒中康复患者,而不是仅针对联邦医疗系统的临床问题或资源。 | Barbara Bates John Y. Choi Pamela W. Duncan Jonathan J. Glasberg Glenn D. Graham Richard C. Katz Kerri Lamberty Dean Reker Richard Zorowitz 杨雅琴(译) 王拥军(译) | 2006 | 中国康复理论与实践2006，12，1： | 19 |
| 5 | Single-cell transcriptomics reveals regulators underlying immune cell diversity and immune subtypes associated with prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma显示文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is an aggressive malignancy with extremely skewed ethnic and geographic distributions.Increasing evidence indicates that targeting the tumor microenvironment(TME)represents a promising therapeutic approach in NPC,highlighting an urgent need to deepen the understanding of the complex NPC TME.Here,we generated single-cell transcriptome profiles for 7581 malignant cells and 40,285 immune cells from fifteen primary NPC tumors and one normal sample.We revealed malignant signatures capturing intratumoral transcriptional heterogeneity and predicting aggressiveness of malignant cells.Diverse immune cell subtypes were identified,including novel subtypes such as CLEC9A^+dendritic cells(DCs).We further revealed transcriptional regulators underlying immune cell diversity,and cell–cell interaction analyses highlighted promising immunotherapeutic targets in NPC.Moreover,we established the immune subtype-specific signatures,and demonstrated that the signatures of macrophages,plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs),CLEC9A^+DCs,natural killer(NK)cells,and plasma cells were significantly associated with improved survival outcomes in NPC.Taken together,our findings represent a unique resource providing in-depth insights into the cellular heterogeneity of NPC TME and highlight potential biomarkers for anticancer treatment and risk stratification,laying a new foundation for precision therapies in NPC. | Yu-Pei Chen Jian-Hua Yin Wen-Fei Li Han-Jie Li Dong-Ping Chen Cui-Juan Zhang Jia-Wei Lv Ya-Qin Wang Xiao-Min Li Jun-Yan Li Pan-Pan Zhang Ying-Qin Li Qing-Mei He Xiao-Jing Yang Yuan Lei Ling-Long Tang Guan-Qun Zhou Yan-Ping Mao Chen Wei Ke-Xu Xiong Hong-Bo Zhang Shi-Da Zhu Yong Hou Ying Sun Michael Dean Ido Amit Kui Wu Dong-Ming Kuang Gui-Bo Li Na Liu Jun Ma | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，11： | 19 |
| 6 | Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment显示文摘Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is considered best practice. However, enteral feeding is often limited by delayed gastric emptying. The best method to clinically identify delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance is unclear. Gastric residual volume (GRV) measured at the bedside is widely used as a surrogate marker for gastric emptying, but the value of GRV measurement has recently been disputed. While the mechanisms underlying delayed gastric emptying require further investigation, recent research has given a better appreciation of the pathophysiology. A number of pharmacological strategies are available to improve the success of feeding. Recent data suggest a combination of intravenous metoclopramide and erythromycin to be the most successful treatment, but novel drug therapies should be explored. Simpler methods to access the duodenum and more distal small bowel for feed delivery are also under investigation. This review summarises current understanding of the factors responsible for, and mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in critical illness, together with the evidence for current practices. Areas requiring further research are also highlighted. | Adam Deane Marianne J Chapman Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Carly Burgstad Nam Q Nguyen | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，29： | 18 |
| 7 | 合作与竞争理论的实验研究显示文摘Well-designed experiments were held in Guangzhou to test the theory of Cooperation and Competition. Details of the experiments were introduced. Four special conditions for Cooperation, Competition, Persuade and Coerce were created. Participants took part in different groups and used different methods to discuss the given problems. They were asked to finish questionnaires during each phase of the experiments. The results showed the success of our experiment and proved the general usefulness of the theory. Cooperation can motivate an opening communication method and constructive controversy. On the base of the experiment, further studies were held to analyze the effectiveness of some Chinese traditions when applying the theory to China. Useful suggestions were presented. It has been proved the western theory of Cooperation and Competition can be very practical in China. | Dean Tjosvold 粟芳 万洁平 | 2002 | 管理世界2002，18，7： | 18 |
| 8 | Contributions of biofilm and suspended sludge to nitrogen transformation and nitrous oxide emission in hybrid sequencing batch system显示文摘Hybrid system combines the nature of suspended growth and attached growth has been widely applied to wastewater treatment.In this research, the contributions to N transformation and N2O emission by biofilm and suspended sludge in the hybrid sequencing-batch reactor for a simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal process were investigated. For the hybrid system,nitrification occurred mostly in the suspended sludge, while the biofilm played the major role in denitrification. The interaction ofthe biofilm and the suspended sludge in the same reactor resulted in a better overall nitrogen removal performance with simultaneousnitrification and denitrification. However, N2O emission was the main end product of nitrogen removal for the hybrid system; whileit was N2 for the biofilm. The relative low N2O emissions from the pure biofilm and the pure suspended sludge corresponded to therelatively high nitrate at the end of the aeration period compared with the hybrid system. | Ingwei Wayne Lo Kwang Victor Lo Don S Mavinic Dean Shiskowski William Ramey | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010，22，7： | 17 |
| 9 | MicroRNA-143 suppresses gastric cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis by targeting COX-2显示文摘AIM:To investigate the function of microRNA-143(miR-143)in gastric cancer and explore the target genes of miR-143.METHODS:A quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis was performed to evaluate miR-143 expression in gastric cancer cell lines.After transfecting gastric cancer cells with miR-143-5p and miR-143-3p precursors,Alamar blue and apoptosis assays were used to measure the respective proliferation and apoptosis rates.Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)expression was determined by realtime RT-PCR and Western blot assays after miR-143transfection.Reporter plasmids were constructed,and a luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the miR-143 binding site on COX-2.RESULTS:Both miR-143-5p and miR-143-3p were significantly downregulated in multiple gastric cancer cell lines.Forced miR-143-5p and miR-143-3p expression in gastric cancer cells produced a profound cytotoxic effect.MiR-145-5p transfection into gastric cancer cells resulted in a greater growth inhibitory effect(61.23%±3.16%vs 46.58%±4.28%,P<0.05 in the MKN-1cell line)and a higher apoptosis rate(28.74%±1.93%vs 22.13%±3.31%,P<0.05 in the MKN-1 cell line)than miR-143-3p transfection.Further analysis indicated that COX-2 expression was potently suppressed by miR-143-5p but not by miR-143-3p.The activity of a luciferase reporter construct that contained the 3’-untranslated region(UTR)of COX-2 was downregulated by miR-143-5p(43.6%±4.86%,P<0.01)but not by miR-143-3p.A mutation in the miR-145-5p binding site completely ablated the regulatory effect on luciferase activity,which suggests that there is a direct miR-145-5p binding site in the 3’-UTR of COX-2.CONCLUSION:Both miR-143-5p and miR-143-3p function as anti-oncomirs in gastric cancer.However,miR-143-5p alone directly targets COX-2,and it exhibits a stronger tumor suppressive effect than miR-143-3p. | Xiao-Li Wu Bin Cheng Pei-Yuan Li Huan-Jun Huang Qiu Zhao Zi-Li Dan Dean Tian Peng Zhang | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 15 |
| 10 | 法多索溶剂和超临界流体提取川芎中的川芎嗪显示文摘用法多索溶剂、超临界CO2和夹带10%甲醇的超临界CO2从川芎中提取川芎嗪。HPLC分析结果表明,经过2h的提取,夹带10%甲醇的超临界CO2提取率最高(1.02%);法多索A经过3次1.5h提取,提取率最低(0.74%)。 | 刘本 Dean,JR | 1999 | 中国医药工业杂志1999，30，5： | 14 |
| 11 | 湍流流动中鲨鱼皮表面流体减阻研究进展显示文摘快速游动的鲨鱼,其皮肤表面沿流动方向有序地排列着沟槽状结构,人们认为这种结构能在湍流流动中减小表面摩擦阻力.人们仿真这种生物结构来进行实验研究和应用,通过复制和改善鲨鱼皮肤表面沟槽状结构,使得摩擦阻力最大减小了近10%.在实验和模拟仿真中,人们不断讨论和研究湍流流动阻力的形成机制和沟槽减阻的理论特性.本文综述了沟槽减阻理论特性的一些研究方法,并且归纳定义了沟槽减阻最优几何形状及其尺寸;详细考虑流体流动的特点,给出了一种用来选择最优沟槽形状及其尺寸的方法;综述了目前的沟槽加工制造技术.由于鲨鱼皮肤表面存在少量黏液,从仿生学的角度,文章最后综述并展望了通过局部应用疏水性材料来改变沟槽附近流场属性,从而达到更大程度上减小阻力的目标. | Brian Dean Bharat Bhushan 杨绍琼(译) 李山(译) 田海平(译) 李一凡(译) 姜楠(校) | 2012 | 力学进展2012，42，6： | 13 |
| 12 | MapReduce显示文摘 | Jeffrey Dean Sanjay Ghemawat | 2008 | Communications of the ACM2008，，1： | 13 |
| 13 | 踝关节脱位是导致旋后外旋型踝关节骨折预后不良的危险因素显示文摘旋后外旋型骨折是踝关节骨折中最为常见的类型。其中SER四型骨折由于造成踝关节不稳,所以需要手术治疗。SER四型骨折部分会造成踝关节脱位。踝关节骨折脱位意味着关节软骨和关节周围软组织的严重损伤,但目前还缺乏脱位对围手术期并发症、放射学及临床疗效影响的研究。本研究的目的是探讨脱位是否会增加SER四型踝关节骨折(内踝骨折或三角韧带断裂)切口并发症或深部感染发生率、是否会增加骨折复位不良的风险、是否与经过至少随访1年后的关节功能不良有关。2004-2010年由同一医生治疗的SER四型旋后外旋型踝关节骨折共178例,经过选择后共有108例纳入本研究中。 | Peter K.Sculco Lionel E.Lazaro Milton M.Little Marschall B.Berkes Stephen J.Warner David L.Helfet Dean G.Lorich 王勇卓(整理) 张民(整理) | 2016 | 实用骨科杂志2016，22，10： | 12 |
| 14 | Changes in forest structure, species diversity and spatial pattern following hurricane disturbance in a Piedmont North Carolina forest, USA显示文摘Aims Large hurricanes have profound impacts on temperate forests,but owing to their infrequent nature these effects have rarely been examined in detail.In 1996,Hurricane Fran significantly damaged many long-term tree census plots in the Duke Forest on the North Carolina Piedmont,thereby providing an exceptional opportunity to examine pre-and post-hurricane forest compositional trajectories.Our goal was to examine immediate,short-term(0–4 years)and longer term(;5 year)hurricane-induced structural,spatial and compositional changes in the tree population(stem d.b.h>1 cm)in the context of our detailed,long-term knowledge of the dynamics of these forests.Methods We surveyed stem damage and tree mortality in 34 long-term permanent plots(ca.70-year record;404–1012 m^(2))and 7 large mapped tree stands(ca.20-year record;5250–65000 m^(2))representing both transition-phase,even-aged pine stands and uneven-aged upland hardwood forests.We employed three types of damage measures to quantify stand-level damage severity:percentage of stems damaged,percentage of basal area lost and a‘stand-level damage index’.Second-order spatial analysis(Ripley’s K-function)was used to investigate patterns in tree mortality.Important findings Our study found hurricane effects on the structural attributes of Piedmont forests to be variable and patchy.Changes in tree species composition,however,were modest.Uprooting was the major damage type for the overstory trees[diameter at breast height(d.b.h.)>10 cm]apparently due to the exposure of the crowns to high wind combined with heavy rainfall prior to and during the storm.Saplings,juvenile trees and small trees(1–10 cm d.b.h.)of the understory and midstory were mainly damaged by being pinned or bent by their damaged large neighbors.Hurricane-induced tree mortality varied weakly among species,was positively correlated with pre-hurricane tree size and remained up to 2-fold higher than pre-hurricane background mortality 5 years after the hurricane.Spatial point pattern analysis revealed a patchy distribution of tree mortality during the hurricane sampling interval.Hurricane Fran resulted in a dramatic increase in average gap size from ca.400 m^(2) pre-hurricane to ca 1100 m^(2) after the hurricane,whereas maximum gap sizes reached 18–34 times larger than the pre-hurricane levels. | Weimin Xi Robert K.Peet Dean L.Urban | 2008 | Journal of Plant Ecology2008，1，1： | 12 |
| 15 | Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement显示文摘 | M Dominici K Le Blanc I Mueller I Slaper-Cortenbach Fc Marini Ds Krause Rj Deans A Keating Dj Prockop Em Horwitz | 2006 | Cytotherapy2006，，4： | 11 |
| 16 | Nrf2抗氧化损伤通路在CCl_4所致小鼠肝毒性中的保护作用(英文)显示文摘目的观察核转录相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)抗氧化损伤通路对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致小鼠肝毒性的保护作用。方法选取Nrf2-null、Wild-type、Keap1-KD、Keap1-HKO小鼠,按基因型分为4组,分别给予40 mg/kg CCl4腹腔注射,腹腔注射生理盐水(10 m L/kg)作对照,16 h后收集血浆和肝组织样本,检测血中谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)和乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)活性以及肝组织中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量;HE染色观察肝组织病理学变化,Real-time PCR和Western blot法检测相关基因表达。结果 CCl4增加Nrf2-null组和Wild-type组血中ALT、LDH活性及肝组织MDA含量,同时造成肝组织病理损伤,而在Keap1-KD组和Keap1-HKO组影响不明显;Nrf2因子靶基因(Nqo1和Gclc)在CCl4的诱导表达逐渐增高(顺序为Nrf2-null、Wild-type、Keap1-KD、Keap1-HKO),继而使炎症因子、内质网应激基因、细胞凋亡基因、细胞坏死基因的表达(m KC、MIP-2、IL-1β、TNFα、Gadd45、Chop10、Bax、Caspase 3、Mcl、Noxa)按Nrf2-null、Wild-type、Keap1-KD、Keap1-HKO顺序逐渐下降。结论 Nrf2因子激活保护CCl4所致小鼠肝损伤反应。 | 陆远富 Connie Wu 刘杰 Curtis Dean Klaassen | 2015 | 遵义医学院学报2015，38，1： | 11 |
| 17 | Effects of miR-219/miR-338 on microglia and astrocyte behaviors and astrocyte-oligodendrocyte precursor cell interactions显示文摘MiR-219 and miR-338(miR-219/miR-338)are oligodendrocyte-specific microRNAs.The overexpression of these miRs in oligodendrocyte precursor cells promotes their differentiation and maturation into oligodendrocytes,which may enhance axonal remyelination after nerve injuries in the central nervous system(CNS).As such,the delivery of miR-219/miR-338 to the CNS to promote oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation,maturation and myelination could be a promising approach for nerve repair.However,nerve injuries in the CNS also involve other cell types,such as microglia and astrocytes.Herein,we investigated the effects of miR-219/miR-338 treatment on microglia and astrocytes in vitro and in vivo.We found that miR-219/miR-338 diminished microglial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed astrocyte activation.In addition,we showed that miR-219/miR-338 enhanced oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and maturation in a scratch assay paradigm that re-created a nerve injury condition in vitro.Collectively,our results suggest miR-219/miR-338 as a promising treatment for axonal remyelination in the CNS following nerve injuries.All experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC),Nanyang Technological University(approval No.A0309 and A0333)on April 27,2016 and October 8,2016. | Lan Huong Nguyen William Ong Kai Wang Mingfeng Wang Dean Nizetic Sing Yian Chew | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，4： | 11 |
| 18 | 汉语与英语中表示趋向的动词短语比较(英文)显示文摘外国人在汉语学习中,感到趋向动词的用法不易掌握;而中国人在英语学习中,感到动词+表示趋向的付词、介词组成的动词短语较难运用。本文从教学角度出发,对汉语与英语中表示趋向的动词短语从意义和构成、方面,进行分析,把它们分为字面、引伸、习惯三类,分别加以比较,并就“上、下、来、去”等趋向动词逐一举例,探求其规律,说明其用法上的异同,可供学习汉语、英语的人参考。 | 邱质朴 Isabel Tasker Morag Deans | 1980 | 语言教学与研究1980，，1： | 10 |
| 19 | Effect of selected signals of interest on ultrasonic backscattering measurement in cancellous bones显示文摘This study examined how the signals of interest (SOI) effect on the backscattering measurement numerically based on 3-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. High resolution microstructure mappings of bovine cancellous bones provided by micro-CT were used as the input geometry for simulations. Backscatter coefficient (BSC), integrated backscatter coefficient (IBC) and apparent integrated backscatter (AIB) were calculated with changing the start (L1) and duration (L2) of the SOI. The results demonstrated that BSC and IBC decrease as L1 increases, and AIB decreases more rapidly as L1 increases. The backscattering parameters increase with fluctuations as a function of L2 when L2 is less than 6 mm. However, BSC and IBC change little as L2 continues to increase, while AIB slowly decreases as L2 continues to increase. The results showed how the selections of the SOI effect on the backscattering measurement. An explicit standard for SOI selection was proposed in this study and short L1 (about 1.5 mm) and appropriate L2 (6 mm-12 mm) were recommended for the calculations of backscattering parameters. | LIU ChengCheng HAN HaiJie TA DeAn WANG WeiQi | 2013 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2013，56，7： | 10 |
| 20 | Joint spectrogram segmentation and ridge-extraction method for separating multimodal guided waves in long bones显示文摘Ultrasonic guided waves (GWs) can be used to evaluate long bones effectively because of the ability to provide the information of the whole bone. In this study, a joint spectrogram segmentation and ridge-extraction (JSSRE) method was proposed to separate multiple modes in long bones. First, the Gabor time-frequency transform was applied to obtain the spectrogram of multimodal signals. Then, a multi-class image segmentation algorithm was used to find the corresponding region of each mode in the spectrogram, including an improved watershed transform and a region growing procedure. Finally, the ridges were extracted and the time domain signals representing individual modes were reconstructed from these ridges in each region. The validations of this method were discussed by simulated multimodal signals with different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The correlation coefficients between the original signals without noise and the reconstructed signals were calculated to analyze the results quantitatively. The results showed that the extracted ridges were in good agreement with generated theoretical dispersion curves, and the reconstructed signals were highly related to the original signals, even under the SNR=3 dB situation. | ZHANG ZhengGang XU KaiLiang TA DeAn WANG WeiQi | 2013 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2013，56，7： | 10 |
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