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1CONSORT 2010说明与详述:报告平行对照随机临床试验指南的更新显示文摘大量证据显示随机对照临床试验(randomised controlled trial,RCT)的报告质量不理想。报告不透明,则读者既不能评判试验结果是否真实可靠,也不能从中提取可用于系统综述的信息。最近的方法学分析表明,报告不充分和设计不合理与对治疗效果产生评价偏倚有关。这种系统误差对RCT损害严重,而RCT正是以其能减少或避免偏倚而被视为评价干预措施的金标准。为了提高RCT的报告质量,一个由专家和编辑组成的工作组制定了临床试验报告的统一标准(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials,CONSORT)声明。CONSORT声明于1996年首次发表,并于2001年更新。声明由对照检查清单和流程图组成,供作者在报告RCT时使用。许多核心医学期刊和主要国际性编辑组织都已认可CONSORT声明。该声明促进了对RCT的严格评价和解释。2001年,在对CONSORT进行修订时,人们就已经清楚地认识到,解释和说明制定CONSORT声明的原理,有助于研究人员等撰写或评价临床试验报告。一篇CONSORT说明与详述文章于2001年同2001版CONSORT声明一起发表。2007年1月的专家会议之后,对CONSORT声明作了进一步修订并已发表,即'CONSORT2010声明'。这次更新对原版对照检查清单作了文字上的修改,使其更为明晰,并收入了与一些新近才认识到的主题相关的建议,如选择性报告结局产生的偏倚。说明与详述文件旨在加强人们对CONSORT声明的理解、应用和传播,这次也作了大量修订,对每一项新增或更新的清单条目的含义和增改理由进行了解释,提供了优秀的报告实例,还尽可能地提供了相关的经验性研究的参考文献。文中收入了若干流程图实例。'CONSORT2010声明'、其说明与详述文件,以及相关网站(www.consort-statement.org),对于改进随机临床试验报告必将有所裨益。David Moher Sally Hopewell Kenneth F Schulz Victor Montori Peter C Gφtzsche P J Devereaux Diana Elbourne Matthias Egger Douglas G Altman 周庆辉 卞兆祥 刘建平 2010中西医结合学报2010,8,8:318
2中国妇女妊娠前后单纯服用叶酸对神经管畸形的预防效果显示文摘目的 评价妇女在妊娠前后服用单纯 40 0 μg叶酸增补剂对胎 /婴儿神经管畸形 (NTDs)的预防效果。方法 1993~ 1995年在中国北方的NTDs高发地区和南方的NTDs低发地区妇女增补叶酸的推广项目中 ,共募集从孕前或孕后任何时间开始服药的妇女 130 142名 ,未服药的妇女 1176 89名 ;设计的服药方法从婚检时开始到孕满 3个月为止 ,每天服用单纯叶酸片 40 0 μg ;最后对妇女的分娩结局进行监测并进行预防效果的对比评价研究。结果 服药组妇女生育的胎婴儿中共发现 10 2例NTDs ,对照组胎婴儿中共发现 173例NTDs。末次月经前募集的未服药妇女在孕 2 0周以后分娩的胎婴中NTDs发生率 ,北方为 4 8‰ (16 / 3 318) ,南方为 1 0‰ (2 8/ 2 82 6 5 ) ,而妊娠前后服药妇女组则分别为1 0‰ (13/ 13 0 12 )和 0 6‰ (34/ 5 86 38)。与末次月经前募集的未服药妇女组相比 ,北方服药妇女NTDs发生率明显降低 ,其中依从性大于 80 %的服药组妇女预防率达 85 % (95 %CI为 6 2 %~ 94% ) ,南方地区服叶酸的预防率为 41% (95 %CI为 3 %~ 6 4% )。结论 妇女在妊娠前后每天服用单纯叶酸 40 0李竹 RobertJ Berry 李松 J David Erickson 王红 Cynthia A Moore 赵平 Joseph Mulinare 洪世欣 Lee-Yang C Wong 呼和牧人 Jacqueline Gindler 郝玲 Adolfo Correa 朱慧萍 Elaine Gunter 2000中华医学杂志2000,80,7:185
3孢粉相:原理及方法显示文摘介绍并评论孢粉相分析的原理和方法。孢粉相从提出至今已经历了很长时间的发展,现已基本成熟。尽管如此,它对大多数孢粉学家(包括中国学者)来说仍然是陌生的。文中论述了进行成功的孢粉相研究的基础:孢粉有机质分类、术语及研究方法,包括采样、实验技术、数据采集和相识别的数学方法、古环境解释及能源潜力评价等方面。与传统的只注重孢型的孢粉学相比,孢粉相强调对样品中的所有沉积有机质进行总体评价,从而可以帮助人们从沉积物中获得更多的信息,更清晰地重建和描绘盆地沉积图景并评价目的地层的能源潜力。有机地球化学和煤岩学的一些研究内容和方向与孢粉相研究非常相似,文中对它们相关的研究也作了简评。它们对孢粉相研究的影响主要体现在有机质分类和术语上,一些孢粉相研究者完全采用有机地球化学或煤岩学的。但是,这些学科在研究目的、实验技术及数据采集方法等方面都存在差异,孢粉有机质及其分类不一定对等于特定的干酪根型或煤岩显微组分,同时一个孢粉相也不一定等同于一个干酪根组合或有机质相。因此,孢粉相应该有独立的沉积有机质分类方案和术语系统。但是,研究方法和分类等方面的不同,并不会妨碍孢粉相获得与有机地化、煤岩学研究相似的结果。李建国 David J Batten 2005古生物学报2005,44,1:27
4超声二维斑点追踪技术对左室心肌周向收缩功能的研究显示文摘目的利用超声二维斑点追踪技术(2DS)评价实验动物猪左室心肌周向收缩功能。方法25只猪开胸后取中部水平左室短轴切面,采集连续3个心动周期二维灰阶图像,并与左室压力曲线同步(±dp/dt)。使用EchoPAC软件包进行脱机分析。运用2DS技术测量左室心内膜层和心外膜层6个心肌节段的周向收缩期峰值应变。结果心内膜层各室壁节段周向收缩期峰值应变均高于心外膜层(P<0.01),尤以前间隔、侧壁、下壁和室间隔节段差异更为显著(P<0.0001)。此外,心内膜层和心外膜层各节段心肌周向收缩期峰值应变均与左室dp/dt相关性良好。结论超声二维斑点追踪技术因其不受声束角度限制的优点,能准确地评价左室局部心肌的周向收缩功能。潘敏 鲁树坤 王双双 刘俐 张蒂荣 陈芸 David J Sahn 2007中国医学影像技术2007,23,9:25
52018加拿大心境障碍与焦虑障碍治疗协作组/国际双相障碍学会指南:双相障碍的管理显示文摘加拿大心境障碍与焦虑障碍治疗协作组(Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments,CANMAT)曾于2005年发布了第1版双相障碍管理指南,并分别于2007、2009和2013年对该指南进行了更新,其中最近的2次更新是与国际双相障碍学会(International Society for Bipolar Disorders,ISBD)合作完成。2018版CANMAT/ISBD双相障碍治疗指南(以下简称指南)反映了自2005年首版指南发表以来本领域取得的重大进展,包括疾病诊断与疾病管理的更新以及药物治疗与心理治疗的近期研究进展。这些前沿进展中综合考虑了循证证据的级别,并基于治疗疗效、临床实践经验、安全性、耐受性和药物导致的转相风险等,对一线、二线及三线治疗方案进行了简明而清晰的推荐。本指南中新增内容涵盖了双相Ⅰ型障碍(BD-Ⅰ)的躁狂发作急性期、抑郁发作急性期和双相障碍维持期的一线及二线治疗推荐等级划分。这种对治疗推荐等级的划分综合考虑了治疗方法对双相障碍不同时相的影响,将进一步帮助临床医生做出基于循证证据的治疗决策。锂盐、喹硫平、双丙戊酸盐、阿塞那平、阿立哌唑、帕利哌酮、利培酮和卡利拉嗪单药或联合使用被推荐为躁狂发作急性期的一线治疗选择。BD-Ⅰ抑郁期的一线治疗选择包括喹硫平、鲁拉西酮、锂盐、拉莫三嗪单药,鲁拉西酮联合锂盐或双丙戊酸盐或拉莫三嗪辅助治疗。尽管急性期治疗有效的药物通常应继续用于BD-Ⅰ的维持期治疗,但也存在一些特殊情况(例如抗抑郁药)。现有数据表明,锂盐、喹硫平、双丙戊酸盐、拉莫三嗪、阿塞那平和阿立哌唑单药或联合治疗应被视为维持治疗的初始或更换治疗方案时的一线选择。除了探讨BD-Ⅰ的相关问题外,本指南中还对双相Ⅱ型障碍(BD-Ⅱ)的临床管理进行了系统回顾并给予治疗推荐,同时针对特殊人群也有相关推荐,如处于各个生殖周期的女性、儿童、青少年和老年人。此外,本指南中还讨论了特定精神疾病及共病(如物质滥用、焦虑障碍和代谢性疾病)的影响。最后,本指南中概述了安全性和药物监测的相关问题。CANMAT/ISBD工作组希望本指南能够成为全球临床医生的实用工具。Lakshmi N Yatham Sidney H Kennedy Sagar V Parikh Ayal Sehaffer David J Bond Benicio N Frey Verinder Sharma Benjamin I Goldstein Soham Rej Serge Beaulieu Martin Alda Glenda MaeQueen Roumen V Milev Arun Ravindran Claire O'Donovan Diane Mclntosh Raymond W Lam Gustavo Vazquez Flavio Kapczinski Roger S Melntyre Jan Kozicky Shigenobu Kanba Beny Lafer Trisha Suppes Joseph R Calabrese Eduard Vieta Gin Malhi Robert M Post Michael Berk 胡晨(译) 王刚(译) 2019中华精神科杂志2019,52,1:25
6不同施肥处理下小麦季潮土氨挥发损失及其影响因素研究显示文摘氨挥发是肥料氮素损失的重要途径之一,由于土壤类型、气候条件、肥料种类、用量和施用时间等因素不同而存在很大差异。试验采用间歇式密闭室通气法,对华北平原不同施肥处理(新鲜牛粪与尿素配施、堆腐牛粪与尿素配施和NPK单施)下,冬小麦生长季粘质潮土氨挥发及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:冬小麦季土壤氨挥发总量占肥料氮用量的1.23%~1.97%,主要来源于追肥,占整个小麦生长季氨挥发总量的80%左右。不同施肥处理强烈影响氨挥发强度,新鲜牛粪与尿素配施处理氨挥发损失量最高,氮素损失率为1.97%,显著高于堆腐牛粪与尿素配施和NPK单施。基肥期氨挥发速率与气温密切相关,追肥期土壤含水量和NH^+_4-N浓度是影响氨挥发的主控因子。肖娇 樊建凌 叶桂萍 刘德燕 阎静 LUO Jia-fa HOULBROOKE David J 丁维新 2016农业环境科学学报2016,35,10:25
7On the tuning of electrical and thermal transport in thermoelectrics: an integrated theory–experiment perspective显示文摘During the last two decades,we have witnessed great progress in research on thermoelectrics.There are two primary focuses.One is the fundamental understanding of electrical and thermal transport,enabled by the interplay of theory and experiment;the other is the substantial enhancement of the performance of various thermoelectric materials,through synergistic optimisation of those intercorrelated transport parameters.Here we review some of the successful strategies for tuning electrical and thermal transport.For electrical transport,we start from the classical but still very active strategy of tuning band degeneracy(or band convergence),then discuss the engineering of carrier scattering,and finally address the concept of conduction channels and conductive networks that emerge in complex thermoelectric materials.For thermal transport,we summarise the approaches for studying thermal transport based on phonon–phonon interactions valid for conventional solids,as well as some quantitative efforts for nanostructures.We also discuss the thermal transport in complex materials with chemical-bond hierarchy,in which a portion of the atoms(or subunits)are weakly bonded to the rest of the structure,leading to an intrinsic manifestation of part-crystalline part-liquid state at elevated temperatures.In this review,we provide a summary of achievements made in recent studies of thermoelectric transport properties,and demonstrate how they have led to improvements in thermoelectric performance by the integration of modern theory and experiment,and point out some challenges and possible directions.Jiong Yang Lili Xi Wujie Qiu Lihua Wu Xun Shi Lidong Chen Jihui Yang Wenqing Zhang Ctirad Uher David J Singh 2016npj Computational Materials2016,,1:24
8MicroRNAs, development of Barrett’s esophagus, and progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma显示文摘Barrett's esophagus is a premalignant condition caused by gastroesophageal reflux. Once developed, it can progress through varying grades of dysplasia to esoph-ageal adenocarcinoma. Whilst it is well accepted that Barrett's esophagus is caused by gastroesophageal reflux, the molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis and progression to cancer remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short segments of RNA that have been shown to control the expression of many human genes. They have been implicated in most cellular processes, and the role of miRNAs in disease development is be-coming increasingly evident. Understanding altered miRNA expression is likely to help unravel the molecular mechanisms that underpin the development of Barrett's esophagus and its progression to cancer.Cameron M Smith David I Watson Michael Z Michael Damian J Hussey 2010World Journal of Gastroenterology2010,16,5:23
9犬粪便棘球绦虫抗原的双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测法建立与应用显示文摘目的研究双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附检测犬粪便棘球绦虫虫体抗原的方法并评价其在实际工作中的应用价值。方法实验犬12只,分实验组和对照组,实验组用活化绵羊源原头蚴(G1型)作人工感染;感染后0~8周内收集粪便,56d宰杀实验犬,收集成虫;制备成虫抗原和虫体代谢/分泌抗原,蛋白酶K处理抗原并分别免疫成年绵羊和新西兰白兔;绵羊抗血清用80%饱和硫酸铵沉淀、透析,兔抗血清过IgG亲和层析柱,分别获得纯化抗体;观察犬粪便在PBS液中-80℃冷冻3d或在含1%Formalin的PBS液中70℃~80℃加热8h的处理方法对检出结果的影响。运用该方法对四川省甘孜县达通玛区4个乡的580只家犬吡喹酮每6月一次驱虫前后的粪抗原进行监测。结果试验系统的敏感性为92.3%,特异性为80%;粪抗原从感染后的第2~3周可检出;两种样品处理方法都可以灭活虫卵但不影响检出效果;检测方法可同时用于对细粒棘球绦虫和多房棘球绦虫感染的诊断;达通玛区家犬粪抗原阳性率从2000年的50%下降到2005年的17%。结论检测方法具有较高的特异性和敏感性;推荐粪便用加热的方法处理可以灭活虫卵以防止生物污染;该方法可以在基层推广应用。黄燕 Heath D David Antone J Christine 邱加闽 王谦 2008预防医学情报杂志2008,24,6:22
10Intracellular HMGB1 as a novel tumor suppressor of pancreatic cancer显示文摘尽管有最近的进展, oncogenic K 地岬驾驶的胰腺的 ductal 腺癌(PDAC ) 在最致命的人的癌症之中留在现代医学。PDAC 的致病对内在的染色体不稳定性和外来的发炎激活部分可归因。然而,在在胰腺的 tumorigenesis 的这二个事件之间的分子的连接充分还没被建立了。这里,我们证明(HMGB1 ) 细胞内部的高活动性组盒子 1 显著地压制 oncogenic 由禁止染色体的 K-Ras-driven 胰腺的 tumorigenesis 调停不稳定性的支持 inflammatory nucleosome 版本。任何一个单身者的有条件的基因脱离或在胰的 HMGB1 的两等位基因在出生使老鼠变为极其敏感到先锋损害的 oncogenic K-Ras-driven 开始,包括胰腺的 intraepithelial 瘤, intraductal 乳突的 mucinous 瘤,和 mucinous 膀胱的瘤。在胰的 HMGB1 的损失与染色体重新整理和 telomere 畸形描绘的氧化 DNA 损坏和 chromosomal 不稳定性被联系。这些导致煽动性的 nucleosome 版本并且宣传 K-Ras-driven 胰腺的 tumorigenesis。细胞外的 nucleosomes 支持 interleukin 6 (IL-6 ) 由渗入 macrophages/neutrophils 的分泌物并且提高在胰腺的损害表明激活的 oncogenic K 地岬。到 IL-6 或 histone H3 或为先进 glycation 的受体的大美人的抵销的抗体结束产品都限制表明激活的 K 地岬,阻止癌症开发和转移 / 侵略,并且延长在 Pdx1-Cre 的动物幸存; K 地岬 G12D/+;Hmgb1/ 鼠标。由 glycyrrhizin 的 HMGB1 损失的药理学抑制在煽动性的条件下面在老鼠限制 oncogenic K-Ras-driven tumorigenesis。减少在 PDAC 病人的 HMGB1 的原子、全部的细胞的表示与差的全面幸存相关,在 PDAC 与预示、治疗学的关联作为新奇肿瘤 suppressor 支持细胞内部的 HMGB1。Rui Kang Yangchun Xie Qiuhong Zhang Wen Hou Qingping Jiang Shan Zhu Jinbao Liu Dexing Zeng Haichao Wang David L Bartlet Timothy R Billiar Herbert J Zeh III Michael T Lotze Daolin Tang 2017Cell Research2017,27,7:22
11Methylation-dependent loss of RIP3 expression in cancer represses programmed necrosis in response to chemotherapeutics显示文摘交往受体的蛋白质 kinase-3 (RIP3 或 RIPK3 ) 是执行 “ 的细胞的机械的必要部分; programmed”或 “ regulated”坏死。这里,我们证明那规划坏死响应许多化学疗法的代理人被激活并且贡献导致化疗的房间死亡。然而,我们证明那 RIP3 表情经常在化学疗法的死亡期间由于它的 transcriptional 开始地点, MLKL 的这样 RIP3 依赖的激活和下游地规划的坏死附近的 genomic methylation 是在癌症房间的 silenced 大部分被镇压。不过,有 hypomethylating 代理人的治疗恢复 RIP3 表示,并且从而以一种 RIP3 依赖的方式把敏感提升到 chemotherapeutics。RIP3 表示在 85% 乳癌病人与正常织物相比在肿瘤被减少,建议那 RIP3 缺乏断然在肿瘤生长 / 发展期间被选择。因为 hypomethylating 代理人在病人是相当容忍得好的,我们建议病人们可以从收到 hypomethylating 代理人与常规 chemotherapeutics 在治疗以前导致 RIP3 表示有益于的那 RIP3 缺乏的癌症。Gi-Bang Koo Michael J Morgan Da-Gyum Lee Woo-Jung Kim Jung-Ho Yoon Ja Seung Koo Seung I1 Kim Soo Jung Kim Mi Kwon Son Soon Still Hong Jean M Mulcahy Levy Daniel A Pollyea Craig T Jordan Pearlly Yan David Frankhouser Deedra Nicolet Kati Maharry Guido Marcucci Kyeong Sook Choi Hyeseong Cho ndrew Thorbum You-Sun Kim 2015Cell Research2015,25,6:20
12Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging of the liver显示文摘Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies quantify the microcirculatory status of liver parenchyma and liver lesions, and can be used for the detection of liver metastases, assessing the effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy, evaluating tumor viability after anticancer therapy or ablation, and diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and its severity. In this review, we discuss the basic concepts of perfusion MRI using tracer kinetic modeling, the common kinetic models applied for analyses, the MR scanning techniques, methods of data processing, and evidence that supports its use from published clinical and research studies. Technical standardization and further studies will help to establish and validate perfusion MRI as a clinical imaging modality.Choon Hua Thng Tong San Koh David J Collins Dow Mu Koh 2010World Journal of Gastroenterology2010,16,13:15
13Anterior knee pain following primary total knee arthroplasty显示文摘Despite improvements in technique and technology for total knee arthroplasty(TKA),anterior knee pain impacts patient outcomes and satisfaction.Addressing the prosthetic and surgical technique related causes of pain after TKA,specifically as it relates to anterior knee pain,can aid surgeons in addressing these issues with their patients.Design features of the femoral and patellar components which have been reported as pain generators include: Improper femoral as well as patellar component sizing or designs that result in patellofemoral stuffing; a shortened trochlear groove distance from the flange to the intercondylar box; and then surgical technique related issues resulting in: Lateral patellar facet syndrome; overstuffed patella/flange combination; asymmetric patellar resurfacing,improper transverse plane component rotation resulting in patellar subluxation/tilt.Any design consideration that allows impingement of extensor mechanism anatomical elements has the possibility of impacting outcome by becoming a pain generator.As the number of TKA procedures continues to increase,it is increasingly critical to develop improved,evidence based prostheses that maximize function and patient satisfaction while minimizing pain and other complications.David Shervin Katelyn Pratt Travis Healey Samantha Nguyen William M Mihalko Mouhanad M El-Othmani Khaled J Saleh 2015World Journal of Orthopedics2015,6,10:15
14Relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum,inflammatory mediators and microRNAs in colorectal carcinogenesis显示文摘AIM To examine the effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum) on the microenvironment of colonic neoplasms and the expression of inflammatory mediators and microRNAs(miRNAs).METHODS Levels of F. nucleatum DNA, cytokine gene mRNA(TLR2, TLR4, NFKB1, TNF, IL1 B, IL6 and IL8), and potentially interacting miRNAs(miR-21-3p, miR-22-3p, mi R-28-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-135b-5p) were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) TaqMan? assays in DNA and/or RNA extracted from the disease and adjacent normal fresh tissues of 27 colorectal adenoma(CRA) and 43 colorectal cancer(CRC) patients. KRAS mutations were detected by direct sequencing and microsatellite instability(MSI) status by multiplex PCR. Cytoscape v3.1.1 was used to construct the postulated miRNA:mRNA interaction network.RESULTS Overabundance of F. nucleatum in neoplastic tissue compared to matched normal tissue was detected in CRA(51.8%) and more markedly in CRC(72.1%). We observed significantly greater expression of TLR4, IL1 B, IL8, and miR-135 b in CRA lesions and TLR2, IL1 B, IL6, IL8, mi R-34 a and miR-135 b in CRC tumours compared to their respective normal tissues. Only two transcripts for miR-22 and miR-28 were exclusively downregulated in CRC tumour samples. The mRNA expression of IL1 B, IL6, IL8 and miR-22 was positively correlated with F. nucleatum quantification in CRC tumours. The mRNA expression of miR-135 b and TNF was inversely correlated. The miRNA:mRNA interaction network suggested that the upregulation of miR-34 a in CRC proceeds via a TLR2/TLR4-dependent response to F. nucleatum. Finally, KRAS mutations were more frequently observed in CRC samples infected with F. nucleatum and were associated with greater expression of miR-21 in CRA, while IL8 was upregulated in MSI-high CRC.CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that F. nucleatum is a risk factor for CRC by increasing the expression of inflammatory mediators through a possible mi RNA-mediated activation of TLR2/TLR4.Marcela Alcantara Proenca Joice Matos Biselli Maysa Succi Fábio Eduardo Severino Gustavo Noriz Berardinelli Alaor Caetano Rui Manuel Reis David J Hughes Ana Elizabete Silva 2018World Journal of Gastroenterology2018,24,47:15
15上海26万妇女乳房自我检查随机试验显示文摘目的论证指导妇女进行乳房自我检查(BSE)是否能有效降低乳腺癌患者的死亡率。方法自1989年10月起,上海26.6万名年龄在30~64岁的妇女,随机进入指导组(132979名)和对照组(133085名)。在指导组,最初先由医务人员做规范的BSE手法演示,随后的4年中,使用BSE录像带进行二次强化教育,并定期进行BSE指导和在医务人员监察下进行BSE操作。本研究进行5年,全部活动均被记录。队列人群随访到2000年7月,乳腺癌患者的生存状况随访到2001年12月。统计分析采用Kaplan-Meier方法、Logrank检验以及Cox模型。结果指导组检出乳腺癌864例,其中死于乳腺癌133例;对照组检出乳腺癌896例,其中死于乳腺癌130例。两组乳腺癌病例的肿块大小、TNM分期和累积死亡率的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。但是指导组比对照组有较多和较小的纤维腺瘤被检出(P<0.01)。结论对人群开展BSE教育和指导,未能降低人群的乳腺癌死亡率;接受BSE教育的妇女比没有接受教育的妇女可检出较多的和较小的良性乳房肿块。高道利 David BThomas Roberta M Ray 王文婉 Charlene J Allison 陈范良 Peggy Porter 胡永伟 赵关林 潘雷达 李雯瑾 武春园 Zakia Coriaty Ilonka Evans 林明纲 Helge Stalsberg Steven Gself 2005中华肿瘤杂志2005,27,6:14
16Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade: obligatory contribution of IL-2 receptors and negative prognostic impact of soluble CD25显示文摘堵住抗体 ipilimumab 的细胞毒素的 T 淋巴细胞 antigen-4 (CTLA-4 ) 在很少的病人导致变形黑瘤的调停免疫者的长期的控制。尽管 ipilimumab 无疑经由 immunostimulation 施加它的治疗学的效果,这样远的临床上有用的、 immunologically 相关的 biomarkers 预言治疗效率是逃犯的。这里,我们显示出 IL-2 的那中立化或堵住 α并且 βIL-2 受体的子单元(CD25 和 CD122,分别地) 否则在现出症状之前的潜的老鼠模型由 CTLA-4 封锁导致了,废除了 antitumor 效果和 intratumoral T 受动器对规章的房间(Tregs ) 的比率的伴随的改进,它是。CTLA-4 封锁导致了在失去了 FoxP3 表示并且在 regressing 肿瘤积累了的 IL-2-producing 受动器房间与伴随物上升表示 Lag3, ICOS, IL-10 和 Egr2 的一个镇压 CD4 + T 房间子集的减小。当 recombinant IL-2 改进了 CTLA-4 封锁的治疗学的功效时,圈套 IL-2 受体 α(IL-2Rα, sCD25 ) 禁止了 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 效果封锁。在收到 ipilimumab 的 262 个变形黑瘤病人, sCD25 的基线浆液集中代表了全面幸存的独立指示物,与预言到治疗的抵抗的高水平。总的来说,这些结果解开为在 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 活动的 IL-2 和 IL-2 受体的一个角色封锁。重要地,我们的学习提供第一 immunologically 相关的 biomarker,也就是提高的浆液 sCD25,那与黑瘤在病人预言抵抗到 CTLA-4 封锁。Dalil Hannani Marie Vetizou David Enot Sylvie Rusakiewicz Nathalie Chaput David Klatzmann Melanie Desbois Nicolas Jacquelot Nadege Vimond Salem Chouaib Christine Mateus James P Allison Antoni Ribas Jedd D Wolchok Jianda Yuan Philip Wong Michael Postow Andrzej Mackiewicz Jacek Mackiewicz Dirk Schadendorff Dirk Jaeger Alan J Korman Keith Bahjat Michele Maio Luana Calabro Michele WL Teng Mark J Smyth Alexander Eggennont Caroline Robert Guido Kroemer Laurence Zitvogel 2015Cell Research2015,25,2:14
17Anti-inflammatory effects of bifidobacteria by inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB activation显示文摘AIM: Different strains of bifidobacteria were analysed for their effects on HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in in vitro models both of the non-inflamed and inflamed intestinal epithelium. METHODS: A reporter gene system in HT-29 cells was used to measure levels of NF-KB activation after challenge with bifidobacteria or after bacterial pre-treatment following LPS challenge. IL-8 protein and pro-inflammatory gene expression was investigated using normal HT-29 cells. RESULTS: None of the bifidobacteria tested induced activation of nuclear factor KB (NF-KB) indicating that bifidobacteria themselves do not induce inflammatory events in IECs. However, six out of eight bifidobacteria tested inhibited lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced NFKB activation in a dose- and strain-dependent manner. In contrast, NF-KB activation in response to challenge with tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) was affected by none of the tested bifidobacteria, indicating that the inhibitory effect of bifidobacteria is specific for LPS-induced inflammation in IECs. As shown with two of the six inhibitionpositive bifidobacteria, LPS-induced inhibition of NFKB activation was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease of interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion and by lower mRNA levels for IL-8, TNF-a, cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). CONCLUSION: Some strains of bifidobacteria are effective in inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation and thus might be appropriate candidates for probiotic intervention in chronic intestinal inflammation.Christian U Riedel Francis Foata David Philippe Oskar Adolfsson Bernhard J Eikmanns Stephanie Blum 2006World Journal of Gastroenterology2006,12,23:14
18Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of premature ejaculation显示文摘在早泄( PE )的处理关于 se lective 血清素举起禁止者( SSRI )考察并且估计然后在减轻 PE.Data 为 SSRI 的使用有关现状知识提供实际建议和可能的机制更改研究的目的用 Medline 采购原料,在减轻 PE 有关 SSRI 和他们的可能的机制的使用从1996年1月1日出版到2006年8月1日的 48 篇文章被发现并且 reviewed.Study selectio 然而,他们的效果是中等的,关于类型,剂量,协议和持续时间没有一个通用协议。作为 PE 的第一药方治疗, Dapoxetine 可以改变这种瓶颈状况。SSRI 被建议与终生的 PE 在年轻人被过去常,并且当 etiological 因素被移开,但是 PE 仍然存在时,获得了 PE。Phosphodiesterase 5 禁止者(PDE5 ) 被建议独自被采用或当 SSRI 没能对待与 SSRI 联系的 PE 或性机能障碍时,与 SSRI 结合了发生。基于每天把他们当作一个合适的时期在需求上服药的协议被建议第一被选。可能的机制包括增加的 serotonergic neurotransmission 和激活的 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C ( 5-HT2C )受体,然后交换射精的阀值到高水平,减少阴茎敏感和他们的自己 antidepression.Conclusion 完成当前的 SSRI 的功效在 PE 的处理是中等的,他们没被 FDA 同意了,进一步要评估的因此新的 SSRI 相似 dapoxetine 需要。WANG Wei-fu CHANG Le Suks Minhas David J Ralph 2007Chinese Medical Journal2007,,11:14
19Mechanisms underlying the impaired contractility of diabetic cardiomyopathy显示文摘Cardiac dysfunction is a well-known consequence of diabetes,with sustained hyperglycaemia leading to the development of a cardiomyopathy that is independent of cardiovascular disease or hypertension.Animal models of diabetes are commonly used to study the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy,with the hope that increased knowledge will lead ultimately to better therapeutic strategies being developed.At physiological temperature,left ventricular trabeculae isolated from the streptozotocin rat model of type 1 diabetes showed decreased stress and prolonged relaxation,but with no evidence that decreased contractility was a result of altered myocardial Ca2+handling.Although sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR)Ca2+reuptake appeared slower in diabetic trabeculae,it was offset by an increase in actionpotential duration,thereby maintaining SR Ca2+content and favouring increased contraction force.Frequency analysis of t-tubule distribution by confocal imaging of ventricular tissue labeled with wheat germ agglutinin or ryanodine receptor antibodies showed a reduced T-power for diabetic tissue,but the differences were minor in comparison to other models of heart failure.The contractile dysfunction appeared to be the result of disrupted F-actin in conjunction with the increased typeⅠcollagen,with decreased myofilament Ca2+sensitivity contributing to the slowed relaxation.Marie-Louise Ward David J Crossman 2014World Journal of Cardiology2014,6,7:13
20The endless tale of non-homologous end-joining显示文摘脱氧核糖核酸双海滨裂缝(DSB ) 被离子辐射和反应的氧种类在房间介绍。另外,他们通常在 V (D) J 再结合期间被产生,发展中的免疫系统的一个必要方面。有效地修理这些 DSB 的失败能在更高的脊椎动物的免疫系统导致染色体破裂,房间死亡,癌症的发作,和缺点。幸好,所有哺乳动物的房间拥有调停的二条酶的小径 DSB 的修理:相应再结合并且非相应加入结束(NHEJ ) 。NHEJ 过程利用捕获破脱氧核糖核酸分子的两结束,在 synaptic DNA 蛋白质建筑群一起带他们,并且最后修理脱氧核糖核酸裂缝的酶。在这评论,在 NHEJ 过程起一个作用的所有已知的酶被讨论,为这些酶的合作的一个工作模型在 DSB 修理期间被介绍。Eric Weterings David J Chen 2008Cell Research2008,18,1:13
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