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| 1 | Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response显示文摘AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP(GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected cells.RESULTS: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase(P < 0.001) in apoptosis(cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy(LC3β punctate), and UPR(increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV^(Neg) and HBV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HBVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBVinfected cells was significantly higher(P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue. | Behzad Yeganeh Adel Rezaei Moghadam Javad Alizadeh Emilia Wiechec Seyed Moayed Alavian Mohammad Hashemi Bita Geramizadeh Afshin Samali Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Martin Post Payam Peymani Kevin M Coombs Saeid Ghavami | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 13 |
| 2 | Electroactive mesoporous ynria stabilized zirconia containing platinmn or nickel oxide nanoclusters: a new class of solid oxide tuel cell electrode materials 显示文摘 | Mamak M Coombs N Ozin G A | 2001 | Ad- vanced Functional Materials2001，11，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Advanced nursing roles in critical care:anatural or forced evolution显示文摘 | Coombs M Chaboyer W Sole ML | 2007 | Journal of Professional Nursing2007，23，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Honey: a potent agent for wound healing?显示文摘 | Lusby P E Coombes A Wilkinson J M | 2002 | Journal of Wound Ostomy & Continence Nurs- ing2002，29，6： | 1 |
| 5 | The control of pro- tein release from poly( DL - latide - co - glycolide) microparticles by variation of the exteranal aqueous phase surfactant in the water - in - oil - in - water method 显示文摘 | COOMBES A G YEH M K LAVELLE E C | 1998 | Jouranl of Controlled Release1998，52，： | 1 |
| 6 | Biochemistry of the coccidian显示文摘 | COOMBS G H DENTON H BROWNS M | 1997 | Adv Parasitol1997，39，： | 1 |
| 7 | Review of theTypes, Properties, Advantages, and Latest Developments inInsulating Coatings on Nonoriented Electrical Steels显示文摘 | Coombs A Lindenmo M Snell D | 2001 | IEEE Transactions on Magnetics2001，37，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Acute promyelocytic leukemia: where did we start, where are we now, and the future 显示文摘 | Coombs CC Tavakkoli M Tallman MS | 2015 | Blood Cancer J2015，5，： | 1 |
| 9 | Biochemical and phylogenetic analyses of a cold active β-galactosidase from the lactic acid bacterium Carnobacterium piscicola BA 显示文摘 | Coombs J M Brenchley J E | 1999 | Appl Environ Mierobiol1999，65，： | 1 |
| 10 | Ablation of bone,cartilage,and facet joint capsule using Ho:YAG laser显示文摘 | HAFEZ M I COOMBS R R H ZHOU S | 2002 | Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine and Surgery2002，20，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Quantitative proteomic analyses of influenza virus-infected cultured human lung cells 显示文摘 | Coombs K M Berard A Xu W | 2010 | J Virol2010，84，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Solar receiver for the space station Brayton engine显示文摘 | Strumpf H J Coombs M G | 1998 | J Solar Energy Eng1998，110，： | 1 |
| 13 | Solar receiver experiment for the space station brayton engine 显示文摘 | Strumpf H J Coombs M G | 1990 | Journal of Solar Energy Engineering1990，125，： | 1 |
| 14 | Review of the types, properties, advantages, and lastest developments in insulating coatings an nonoriented electrical steels 显示文摘 | Coombs Alan Lindenmo M Snell D | 2001 | IEEE Transactions on Magnetics2001，37，1： | 1 |
| 15 | The stability and immuneogenicity of a protein antigen encapsulated in biodegradable microparicles based on blends of lactide polymers and polyethylene glycol 显示文摘 | E C Lavelle M K Yeh A G A Coombes | 1999 | Vaccine1999，17，： | 1 |
| 16 | Solar Receiver Experiment for the Hybrid Space Station Brayton Engine显示文摘 | Strumpf H J Coombs M G | 1990 | Journal of Solar Energy Engineering1990，112，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Solar receiver for the space station Brayton engine显示文摘 | Strumpf H J Coombs M G | 1988 | Journal of Solar Energy Engineering1988，110，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Visualization of an endophytic Streptomyces species in wheat seed 显示文摘 | Coombs J T Franco C M M | 2003 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology2003，69，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Isolation and identification of actinobaeteria from surface - sterilized wheat roots 显示文摘 | Coombs J T Franco C M M | 2003 | Appl Environ Microbiol2003，69，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Magnetic properties of Fe deposited into anodic aluminum oxide pores as a function of particle size 显示文摘 | A1Mawlawi D Coombs N Moskovits M | 1991 | J Appl Phys1991，70，8： | 1 |
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