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| 1 | Acute-on-chronic liver failure:Pathogenesis,prognostic factors and management显示文摘Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) is increasingly recognized as a complex syndrome that is reversiblein many cases. It is characterized by an acute deterioration of liver function in the background of a pre-existing chronic liver disease often associated with a high short-term mortality rate. Organ failure(OF) is always associated, and plays a key role in determining the course, and the outcome of the disease. The definition of ACLF remains controversial due to its overall ambiguity, with several disparate criteria among various associations dedicated to the study of liver diseases. Although the precise pathogenesis needs to be clarified, it appears that an altered host response to injury might be a contributing factor caused by immune dysfunction, ultimately leading to a pro-inflammatory status, and eventually to OF. The PIRO concept(Predisposition, Insult, Response and Organ Failure) has been proposed to better approach the underlying mechanisms. It is accepted that ACLF is a different and specific form of liver failure, where a precipitating event is always involved, even though it cannot always be ascertained. According to several studies, infections and active alcoholism often trigger ACLF. Viral hepatitis, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, or drug induced liver injury, which can also provoke the syndrome. This review mainly focuses on the physiopathology and prognostic aspects. We believe these features are essential to further understanding and providing the rationale for improveddisease management strategies. | Sara Blasco-Algora José Masegosa-Ataz María Luisa Gutiérrez-García Sonia Alonso-López Conrado M Fernández-Rodríguez | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，42： | 45 |
| 2 | Ecohydrological advances and applications in plant–water relations research:a review显示文摘Aims The field of ecohydrology is providing new theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches for understanding the complex interactions and feedbacks between vegetation and hydrologic flows at multiple scales.Here we review some of the major scientific and technological advances in ecohydrology as related to understanding the mechanisms by which plant–water relations influence water fluxes at ecosystem,watershed and landscape scales.Important Findings We identify several cross-cutting themes related to the role of plant–water relations in the ecohydrological literature,including the contrasting dynamics of water-limited and water-abundant ecosystems,transferring information about water fluxes across scales,understanding spatiotemporal heterogeneity and complexity,ecohydrological triggers associated with threshold behavior and shifts between alternative stable states and the need for long-term data sets at multiple scales.We then show how these themes are embedded within three key research areas where improved understanding of the linkages between plant–water relations and the hydrologic cycle have led to important advances in the field of ecohydrology:upscaling water fluxes from the leaf to the watershed and landscape,effects of plant–soil interactions on soil moisture dynamics and controls exerted by plant water use patterns and mechanisms on streamflow regime.In particular,we highlight several pressing environmental challenges facing society today where ecohydrology can contribute to the scientific knowledge for developing sound management and policy solutions.We conclude by identifying key challenges and opportunities for advancing contributions of plant–water relations research to ecohydrology in the future. | Heidi Asbjornsen Gregory R.Goldsmith Maria S.Alvarado-Barrientos Karin Rebel Floortje P.Van Osch Max Rietkerk Jiquan Chen Sybil Gotsch Conrado Tobon Daniel R.Geissert Alberto Gomez-Tagle Kellie Vache Todd E.Dawson | 2011 | Journal of Plant Ecology2011，4，1： | 15 |
| 3 | Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis and characterization of focal hepatic lesions显示文摘The extensive use of imaging techniques in differential diagnosis of abdominal conditions and screening of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatic diseases,has led to an important increase in identification of focal liver lesions.The development of contrastenhanced ultrasound(CEUS) opens a new window in the diagnosis and follow-up of these lesions.This technique offers obvious advantages over the computed tomography and magnetic resonance,without a decrease in its sensitivity and specificity.The new second generation contrast agents,due to their intravascular distribution,allow a continuous evaluation of the enhancement pattern,which is crucial in characterization of liver lesions.The dual blood supply in the liver shows three different phases,namely arterial,portal and late phases.The enhancement during portal and late phases can give important information about the lesion's behavior.Each liver lesion has a different enhancement pattern that makes possible an accurate approach to their diagnosis.The role of emerging techniques as a contrastenhanced three-dimensional US is also discussed.In this article,the advantages,indications and technique employed during CEUS and the different enhancement patterns of most benign and malignant focal liver lesions are discussed. | Inés Gómez Molins Juan Manuel Fernández Font Juan Carrero álvaro Jose Luís Lledó Navarro Marta Fernández Gil Conrado M Fernández Rodríguez | 2010 | World Journal of Radiology2010，2，12： | 14 |
| 4 | Pathogenesis of occult chronic hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Occult hepatitis B infection(OBI) is characterized by hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA in serum in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) presenting HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc positive serological patterns.Occult HBV status is associated in some cases with mutant viruses undetectable by HBsAg assays;but more frequently it is due to a strong suppression of viral replication and gene expression.OBI is an entity with world-wide diffusion.The failure to detect HBsAg,despite the persistence of the viral DNA,is due in most cases to the strong suppression of viral replication and gene expression that characterizes this'occult'HBV infection;although the mechanisms responsible for suppression of HBV are not well understood.The majority of OBI cases are secondary to overt HBV infection and represent a residual low viremia level suppressed by a strong immune response together with histological derangements which occurred during acute or chronic HBV infection.Much evidence suggests that it can favour the progression of liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. | Rocio Aller de la Fuente María L Gutiérrez Javier Garcia-Samaniego Conrado Fernández-Rodriguez Jose Luis Lledó Gregorio Castellano | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，12： | 12 |
| 5 | Injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by intravenous or intraperitoneal routes is a viable alternative to spinal cord injury treatment in mice显示文摘In spite of advances in surgical care and rehabilitation,the consequences of spinal cord injury(SCI)ar still challenging.Several experimental therapeutic strategies have been studied in the SCI field,and recen advances have led to the development of therapies that may act on the inhibitory microenvironment.As sorted lineages of stem cells are considered a good treatment for SCI.This study investigated the effect o systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in a compressive SCI model.Here we presen results of the intraperitoneal route,which has not been used previously for MSC administration after comveI.WeafC57BL/6nt lmy atb spinal cord compression for 1 minute with a 30-g vascular clip.The animals were divided into five groups DMEM at 7 days after SCI),DMEM i.v.(intravenous injection of 500μL of DMEM at 7 days after SCI)The effects of MSCs transplantation in white matter sparing were analyzed by luxol fast blue staining.Th number of preserved fibers was counted in semithin sections stained with toluidine blue and the presenc of trophic factors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.In addition,we analyzed the locomotor perfor mance with Basso Mouse Scale and Global Mobility Test.Our results showed white matter preservation and a larger number of preserved fibers in the MSC groups than in the DMEM groups.Furthermore,th MSC groups had higher levels of trophic factors(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,nerve growth factor neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4)in the spinal cord and improved locomotor performance.Our result indicate that injection of MSCs by either intraperitoneal or intravenous routes results in beneficial out comes and can be elected as a choice for SCI treatment. | Bruna dos Santos Ramalho FernANDa Martins de Almeida Conrado Mendonca Sales Silmara de Lima Ana Maria Blanco Martinez | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，6： | 12 |
| 6 | Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Occult hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection(OBI) is characterized by the persistence of HBV DNA in the liver tissue in individuals negative for the HBV surface antigen.The prevalence of OBI is quite variable depending on the level of endemic disease in different parts of the world,the different assays utilized in the studies,and the different populations studied.Many studies have been carried out on OBI prevalence in different areas of the world and categories of individuals.The studies show that OBI prevalence seems to be higher among subjects at high risk for HBV infection and with liver disease than among individuals at low risk of infection and without liver disease. | Maria Luisa Gutiérrez-García Conrado M Fernandez-Rodriguez Jose Luis Lledo-Navarro Ingrid Buhigas-Garcia | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，12： | 10 |
| 7 | Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B显示文摘Patients with chronic hepatitis B are at significant risk for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Globally,over half a million people each year are diagnosed with HCC,with marked geographical variations. Despite overwhelming evidence for a causal role of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in the development of HCC and a well-established relationship between high baseline hepatitis B viral load and cumulative risk of HCC,the molecular basis for this association has not been fully elucidated. In addition,a beneficial role for antiviral therapy in preventing the development of HCC has been difficult to establish. This review examines the biological and molecular mechanisms of HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis,recent results on the effect of modern nucleos(t)ides on the rate of HCC development in high risk HBV cohorts and the potential mechanisms by which long-term antiviral therapy with potent inhibitors of HBV replication might reduce the risk of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Although evidence from randomized controlled trials shows the favourable effects of antiviral agentsin achieving profound and durable suppression of HBV DNA levels while improving liver function and histology,robust evidence of other long-term clinical outcomes,such as prevention of HCC,are limited. | Conrado M Fernández-Rodríguez María Luisa Gutiérrez-García | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2014，5，3： | 9 |
| 8 | Management of occult hepatitis B virus infection:An update for the clinician显示文摘Occult hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection(OBI) is defined by the presence of HBV DNA in the liver tissue of individuals who test negative for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg).Patients who have recovered from acute hepatitis B can carry HBV genomes for a long time and show histological patterns of mild necro-inflammation,even fibrosis,years after the resolution of acute hepatitis,without showing any clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease.At least in conditions of immunocompetence,OBI is inoffensive itself,but when other relevant causes of liver damage are present it might make the course of the liver disease worse.The risk of HBV transmission through transfusion is related to blood donations negative for HBsAg that have been collected during the pre-seroconversion period or during chronic OBI.Use of HBV nucleic acid amplification testing and multivalent anti-HBs antibodies in the HBsAg assays is recommended for detection of true and false OBI,respectively.It is not known if prior hepatitis B immunization with an optimal anti-HBs response in cases of HBV transmission through organ transplantation can effectively modulate or abort the infection.Use of anti-viral agents as prophylaxis in patients with serological evidence of past HBV infection prevents reactivation of OBI after transplantation in most cases.Reactivation of OBI has been observed in other conditions that cause immunosuppression,in which antiviral therapy could be delayed until the HBV DNA or HBsAg becomes detectable.OBI might contribute to the progression of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic liver disease. | JoséLuis Lledó Conrado Fernández María Luisa Gutiérrez Sara Ocaa | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，12： | 9 |
| 9 | 金属镍高温氧化机理及稀土元素效应研究显示文摘对纯镍及其表面离子注钇试样在1000℃空气中的恒温氧化和循环氧化行为进行了研究。用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对氧化膜的表面形貌及结构进行了观测。此外,用声发射(AE)技术研究了氧化膜/基体界面上缺陷的分布情况,并用激光拉曼(Raman)谱对注钇引起的膜内应力变化进行了测量。结果表明:离子注钇降低了NiO氧化膜的生长速率,提高了镍的抗氧化性能;离子注钇减小了表面NiO的晶粒尺寸,降低了膜内压应力水平;离子注钇还减小了氧化膜/基体界面缺陷的平均尺寸和数目,因而极大地提高了镍表面NiO氧化膜的粘附性和保护性。 | 靳惠明 陈荣发 张剑峰 FELIX A Conrado | 2004 | 机械工程材料2004，28，5： | 8 |
| 10 | Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Occult hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection(OBI) is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in the liver(with or without detectable HBV DNA in serum) for individuals testing HBV surface antigen negative.Until recently,the clinical effect of OBI was unclear on the progression of liver disease;on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma;and on the risk for reactivation or transmission of HBV infection.Several studies suggest a high prevalence of OBI among patients with cryptogenic chronic liver disease,but its role in the progression to cirrhosis remains unclear.Although OBI has been well documented in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) -positive patients,especially among those coinfected with hepatitis C virus,further studies are needed to determine its current clinical impact in HIV setting. | Miriam Romero Antonio Madejón Conrado Fernández-Rodríguez Javier García-Samaniego | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，12： | 6 |
| 11 | 喷射成形、挤压和旋锻再生处理7050铝合金线材的疲劳强度和显微组织显示文摘再生高强铝合金由于力学性能差,在结构材料方面的应用有限。喷射成形重熔后再热挤压是一种有前途的用于7系铝合金的再加工方法。对7050铝合金切屑进行喷射成形、热挤压、旋锻和热处理,以恢复其力学性能。制备直径2.7mm的再生铝合金线材,研究其显微组织、拉伸性能和疲劳强度。采用XRD、SEM、EBSD、TEM和DSC等手段对二次相和析出相进行表征。对比锻态和热处理(固溶和时效处理)态合金线材的力学性能,发现两种合金线材的力学性能均优于AA7050航空规范。材料在旋锻过程中发生大量的塑性变形,从而导致急剧的晶粒细化,可观察到细小的微观和亚微观Al晶粒、粗大和细小的金属间化合物析出相。随后的固溶处理导致形成均匀的再结晶和等轴晶(9μm)显微组织。在120℃时效处理后,形成纳米级GP(I)区和η′析出相,合金表现出更高的抗拉强度(586 MPa)和疲劳强度(198 MPa)。 | João G.J.de SALVO Conrado RMAFONSO | 2020 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2020，30，12： | 5 |
| 12 | Role of metabolic stress for enhancing muscle adaptations: Practical applications显示文摘Metabolic stress is a physiological process that occurs during exercise in response to low energy that leads to metabolite accumulation [lactate, phosphate inorganic(Pi) and ions of hydrogen(H^+)] in muscle cells.Traditional exercise protocol(i.e., Resistance training) has an important impact on the increase of metabolite accumulation, which influences hormonal release, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species(ROS) production and cell swelling.Changes in acute exercise routines, such as intensity, volume and rest between sets, are determinants for the magnitude of metabolic stress, furthermore, different types of training, such as lowintensity resistance training plus blood flow restriction and high intensity interval training, could be used to maximize metabolic stress during exercise.Thus, the objective of this review is to describe practical applications that induce metabolic stress and the potential effects of metabolic stress to increase systemic hormonal release, hypoxia, ROS production, cell swelling and muscle adaptations. | Marcelo Conrado de Freitas Jose Gerosa-Neto Nelo Eidy Zanchi Fabio Santos Lira Fabrício Eduardo Rossi | 2017 | World Journal of Methodology2017，7，2： | 5 |
| 13 | Hepatitis B and immunosuppressive therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases: When and how to apply prophylaxis, with a special focus on corticosteroid therapy显示文摘Currently immunosuppressive and biological agentsare used in a more extensive and earlier way in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic or dermatologic diseases. Although these drugs have shown a significant clinical benefit, the safety of these treatments is a challenge. Hepatitis B virus(HBV) reactivations have been reported widely, even including liver failure and death, and it represents a deep concern in these patients. Current guidelines recommend to preemptive therapy in patients with immunosuppressants in general, but preventive measures focused in patients with corticosteroids and inflammatory diseases are scarce. Screening for HBV infection should be done at diagnosis. The patients who test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, but do not meet criteria for antiviral treatment must receive prophylaxis before undergoing immunosuppression, including corticosteroids at higher doses than prednisone 20 mg/d during more than two weeks. Tenofovir and entecavir are preferred than lamivudine because of their better resistance profile in long-term immunosuppressant treatments. There is not a strong evidence, to make a general recommendation on the necessity of prophylaxis therapy in patients with inflammatory diseases that are taking low doses of corticosteroids in short term basis or low systemic bioavailability corticosteroids such as budesonide or beclomethasone dipropionate. In these cases regularly HBV DNA monitoring is recommended, starting early antiviral therapy if DNA levels begin to rise. In patients with occult or resolved hepatitis the risk of reactivation is much lower, and excepting for Rituximab treatment, the prophylaxis is not necessary. | Pilar López-Serrano Elsa de la Fuente Briongos Elisa Carrera Alonso Jose Lázaro Pérez-Calle Conrado Fernández | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，3： | 4 |
| 14 | Influence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C outcomes显示文摘Persistence of hepatitis B virus-DNA in the sera,peripheral blood mononuclear cells or in the liver of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) -negative patients with or without serological markers of previous exposure(antibodies to HBsAg and/or to HB-core antigen) defines the entity called occult hepatitis B infection(OBI).Co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses is frequent in highly endemic areas.While this co-infection increases the risk of liver disease progression,development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and also increases the rate of therapeutic failure to interferon-based treatments than either virus alone,a potentially negative effect of OBI on clinical outcomes and of therapeutic response to current antiviral regimes of patients with chronic hepatitis C remains inconclusive. | Conrado M Fernandez-Rodriguez Maria Luisa Gutierrez JoséLuis Lledó Maria Luisa Casas | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，12： | 3 |
| 15 | 激光表面熔化对Ti-30Nb-4Sn合金晶体织构、显微组织、弹性模量和硬度的影响显示文摘骨科植入物的生物相容性与其弹性模量和表面性能密切相关。本研究的目的是阐明冷轧、再结晶和表面激光熔化(LSM)对双相(α″+β)Ti-30Nb-4Sn合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。对冷轧态基体进行X射线衍射织构分析(XRD)显示有[302]α″//ND织构成分,而对再结晶态基体的分析显示有[302]α″//ND和[110]α″//ND织构成分。XRD不能直接检测出β相织构,但是通过考虑α′′相和β相之间的位向关系可成功预测出[111]β||ND织构的存在。纳米压痕测试结果表明,冷轧态基体的弹性模量(63 GPa)低于再结晶态基体(74 GPa)。根据已有文献和本文研究结果,认为这种差异是由冷变形过程中晶体缺陷的引入造成的。纳米压痕/EBSD分析表明,纳米压痕结果不受晶体取向的影响。LSM对变形合金硬度、弹性模量和晶体织构产生的变化类似于再结晶热处理产生的变化,均在表面和基体之间产生刚度梯度。 | Leonardo FANTON Nelson Batista de LIMA Emilio Rayon ENCINAS Vicente Amigo BORRAS Conrado Ramos Moreira AFONSO Joao Batista FOGAGNOLO | 2020 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2020，30，2： | 2 |
| 16 | Alcohol liver disease: A review of current therapeutic approaches to achieve long-term abstinence显示文摘Harmful alcohol drinking may lead to significant damage on any organ or system of the body.Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is the most prevalent cause of advanced liver disease in Europe.In ALD,only alcohol abstinence was associated with a better long-term survival.Therefore,current effective therapeutic strategy should be oriented towards achieving alcohol abstinence or a significant reduction in alcohol consumption.Screening all primary care patients to detect those cases with alcohol abuse has been proposed as population-wide preventive intervention in primary care.It has been suggested that in patients with mild alcohol use disorder the best approach is brief intervention in the primary care setting with the ultimate goal being abstinence,whereas patients with moderate-to-severe alcohol use disorder must be referred to specialized care where detoxification and medical treatment of alcohol dependence must be undertaken. | María Luisa Gutiérrez García Sara Blasco-Algora Conrado M Fernández-Rodríguez | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，28： | 2 |
| 17 | Insulin resistance impairs sustained response rate to peginterferon plus ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients显示文摘 | Manuel Romero-Gómez Maria Del Mar Viloria Raúl J. Andrade Javier Salmerón Moisés Diago Conrado M. Fernández-Rodríguez Raquel Corpas Marina Cruz Lourdes Grande Luis Vázquez Paloma Mu?oz-de-Rueda Pilar López-Serrano Ana Gila María L. Gutiérrez Celia Pérez A | 2005 | Gastroenterology2005，，3： | 2 |
| 18 | Biomimetic mineralized hybrid scaffolds with antimicrobial peptides显示文摘Infection in hard tissue regeneration is a clinically-relevant challenge.Development of scaffolds with dual function for promoting bone/dental tissue growth and preventing bacterial infections is a critical need in the field.Here we fabricated hybrid scaffolds by intrafibrillar-mineralization of collagen using a biomimetic process and subsequently coating the scaffold with an antimicrobial designer peptide with cationic and amphipathic properties.The highly hydrophilic mineralized collagen scaffolds provided an ideal substrate to form a dense and stable coating of the antimicrobial peptides.The amount of hydroxyapatite in the mineralized fibers modulated the rheological behavior of the scaffolds with no influence on the amount of recruited peptides and the resulting increase in hydrophobicity.The developed scaffolds were potent by contact killing of Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Streptococcus gordonii as well as cytocompatible to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.The process of scaffold fabrication is versatile and can be used to control mineral load and/or intrafibrillar-mineralized scaffolds made of other biopolymers. | Zhou Ye Xiao Zhu Isha Mutreja Sunil Kumar Bod Nicholas G.Fischer Anqi Zhang Christine Lui Yipin Qi Conrado Aparicio | 2021 | Bioactive Materials2021，6，8： | 2 |
| 19 | Pregnan cy-Speeific β1-1-glycoprotein 1 and human leukocyte antigen--E mRNA in human sperm: differential expression in fertile and in fertile men and evidence of a possible functional role during early development显示文摘 | Conrado Avendano Anahi Franehi Estella Jones | 2009 | Human Reproduction2009，24，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Players Indifferent to Cooperate and Characterizations of the Shapley Value 显示文摘 | Conrado Manuel Enrique Gonzrlez-Arangtlena Ren6 van den Brink | 2013 | Mathematical Methods of Operations Research2013，77，1： | 1 |
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