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| 1 | Neoadjuvant radiotherapy dose escalation for locally advanced rectal cancers in the new era of radiotherapy:A review of literature显示文摘BACKGROUND The standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancers(LARC)consists on neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision.Different data in literature showed a benefit on tumor downstaging and pathological complete response(pCR)rate using radiotherapy dose escalation,however there is shortage of studies regarding dose escalation using the innovative techniques for LARC(T3-4 or N1-2).AIM To analyze the role of neoadjuvant radiotherapy dose escalation for LARC using innovative radiotherapy techniques.METHODS In December 2020,we conducted a comprehensive literature search of the following electronic databases:PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus and Cochrane library.The limit period of research included articles published from January 2009 to December 2020.Screening by title and abstract was carried out to identify only studies using radiation doses equivalent dose 2 Gy fraction(EQD2)≥54 Gy and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy(VMAT),intensity-modulated radiotherapy or image-guided radiotherapy(IGRT)techniques.The authors’searches generated a total of 2287 results and,according to PRISMA Group(2009)screening process,21 publications fulfil selection criteria and were included for the review.RESULTS The main radiotherapy technique used consisted in VMAT and IGRT modality.The mainly dose prescription was 55 Gy to high risk volume and 45 Gy as prophylactic volume in 25 fractions given with simultaneous integrated boosts technique(42.85%).The mean pCR was 28.2%with no correlation between dose prescribed and response rates(P value≥0.5).The R0 margins and sphincter preservation rates were 98.88%and 76.03%,respectively.After a mean follow-up of 35 months local control was 92.29%.G3 or higher toxicity was 11.06%with no correlation between dose prescription and toxicities.Patients receiving EQD2 dose>58.9 Gy and BED>70.7 Gy had higher surgical complications rates compared to other group(P value=0.047).CONCLUSION Dose escalation neoadjuvant radiotherapy using innovative techniques is safe for LARC achieving higher rates of pCR.EQD2 doses>58.9 Gy is associated with higher rate of surgical complications. | Durim Delishaj Ilaria Costanza Fumagalli Stefano Ursino Agostino Cristaudo Francesco Colangelo Antonio Stefanelli Alessandro Alghisi Giuseppe De Nobili Romerai D’Amico Alessandra Cocchi Antonio Ardizzoia Carlo Pietro | 2021 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2021，9，30： | 2 |
| 2 | In vivo antiviral effects of pidotimod显示文摘 | Dianzani C Colangelo D Tonso E Guidotto S Viano I | 1994 | Arzneimittelforsch1994，44，： | 1 |
| 3 | Effect of metal-based anticancer drugs on wild type and metallothionein null cell lines显示文摘 | Mahboobi H Viarengo A Colangelo D | 2003 | Biometals2003，16，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Case report : Inflammato ry myofibroblastic tumor of pancreatic origin in a patient with down syndrome: The role of diagnostic ultrasound显示文摘 | Colangelo M Di Renzo D Persico A | 2011 | J Ultrasound2011，14，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Comparing protein abundance and mRNA expression levels on a genomic scale显示文摘 | Greenbaum D Colangelo C Williams K | | 0，，09： | 1 |
| 6 | In vivo antiviral effects of pidotimod 显示文摘 | Dianzani C Colangelo D Tonso E | 1994 | Arzneimittelforsch1994，44，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Clinical predictors of vertebralosteoporotic fractures in post-menopausal women:a cross-sectionalanalysis显示文摘 | Nasto LA Fusco A Colangelo D | 2012 | Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci2012，16，9： | 1 |
| 8 | In vivo antiviral effects of pidotimod显示文摘 | Dianzani C Colangelo D Tonso E | 1994 | Arzneimittelforsch1994，44，12： | 1 |
| 9 | Pertectate release from a water/oil microemulsion and aqueous solution after subcutaneous injection in rabbits显示文摘 | Bello M Colangelo D Gasof M R | 1994 | J Pharm Pharmacol1994，46，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Cis-complex,a selective inhibitor of telomerase enzyme显示文摘 | Colangelo D Ghiglia AL Viano I | 2003 | Biometals2003，16，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Mutation profiling and microsatellite instability in stage II and III colon cancer: an assessment of their prognostic and oxaliplatin predictive value 显示文摘 | Gavin PG Colangelo LH Fumagalli D | 2012 | Clin Cancer Res2012，18，23： | 1 |
| 12 | Cis-complex,a selective inhibitor of telomerase enzyme显示文摘 | COLANGELO D GHIGLIA A L VIANO I | 2003 | Biol Metals2003，16，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Bilateral scrotal abscesses caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in a new- born显示文摘 | Di Renzo D Pappalepore N Colangelo M | 2010 | J Pediatr Surg2010，45，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Comparing protein abundance and mRNA expression levels on a genomic scale 显示文摘 | Greenbaum D Colangelo C Williams K | 2003 | Genome Biol2003，4，： | 1 |
| 15 | In vivo antiviral effects of pidotimod 显示文摘 | Dianzani C Colangelo D Tonso E | 1994 | Arzneimittelforschung1994，44，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Phase I of the Kissimmee River restoration project, Florida, USA : Impacts of construction on water quality 显示文摘 | Colangelo D J Jones B L | 2005 | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment2005，102，13： | 1 |
| 17 | Invivo antiviral effects of pidotimod显示文摘 | Dianzani C Colangelo D Tonso E | 1994 | Arzneimittalforsch1994，44，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Properties of heavy quarkonia and B-c mesons in the relativistic quark model显示文摘 | EBERT D COLANGELO R COSMAI L | 2002 | Phys Lett A2002，17，： | 1 |
| 19 | Mutation profiling and microsatellite instability in stage II and III colon cancer:An as-sessment of their prognostic and oxaliplatin predictive value 显示文摘 | Gavin P Colangelo LH Fumagalli D | 2012 | Clin Cancer Res clincanres2012，6，： | 1 |
| 20 | Phase I of the Kissimmee River restoration project,Florida,USA:Impacts of construction on water quality显示文摘 | Colangelo D J Jones B L | 2005 | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment2005，102，13： | 1 |
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