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| 1 | 肺栓塞的影像 应用螺旋CT的新观显示文摘肺栓塞是一种生前常被漏诊的疾病。其死亡率取决于诸多因素,未经治疗患者的年死亡率可高达 30%,是应用抗凝药物患者年死亡率(2.5%)的10倍以上。 | David M Hansell Christopher D R Flower 邢军 | 1998 | 英国医学杂志中文版1998，0，1： | 13 |
| 2 | Establishing proof of concept:Platelet-rich plasma and bone marrow aspirate concentrate may improve cartilage repair following surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions of the talus显示文摘Osteochondral lesions of the talus are common injuries in the athletic patient. They present a challenging clinical problem as cartilage has a poor potential for healing. Current surgical treatments consist of reparative(microfracture) or replacement(autologous osteochondral graft) strategies and demonstrate good clinical outcomes at the short and medium term follow-up. Radiological findings and second-look arthroscopy however, indicate possible poor cartilage repair with evidence of fibrous infill and fissuring of the regenerative tissue following microfracture. Longer-term follow-up echoes these findings as it demonstrates a decline in clinical outcome. The nature of the cartilage repair that occurs for an osteochondral graft to become integrated with the native surround tissue is also of concern. Studies have shown evidence of poor cartilage integration,with chondrocyte death at the periphery of the graft, possibly causing cyst formation due to synovial fluid ingress. Biological adjuncts, in the form of platelet-rich plasma(PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate(BMAC), have been investigated with regard to their potential in improving cartilage repair in both in vitro and in vitro settings. The in vitro literature indicates that these biological adjuncts may increase chondrocyte proliferation as well as synthetic capability, while limiting the catabolic effects of an inflammatory joint environment. These findings have been extrapolated to in vitro animal models, with results showing that both PRP and BMAC improve cartilage repair. The basic science literature therefore establishes the proof of concept that biological adjuncts may improve cartilage repair when used in conjunction with reparative and replacement treatment strategies for osteochondral lesions of the talus. | Niall A Smyth Christopher D Murawski Amgad M Haleem Charles P Hannon Ian Savage-Elliott John G Kennedy | 2012 | World Journal of Orthopedics2012，3，7： | 8 |
| 3 | Preassembly and ligand-induced restructuring of the chains of the IFN-γ receptor complex: the roles of Jak kinases, Statl and the receptor chains显示文摘 | Christopher D Krause Natasha Lavnikova Junxia Xie Erwen Mei Olga V Mirochnitchenko Yiwei Jia Robin M Hochstrasser Sidney Pestka | 2006 | Cell Research2006，16，1： | 7 |
| 4 | Risk stratification for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention显示文摘Acute coronary syndromes presenting with ST elevation are usually treated with emergency reperfusion/revascularisation therapy. In contrast current evidence and national guidelines recommend risk stratification for non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI) with the decision on revascularisation dependent on perceived clinical risk. Risk stratification for STEMI has no recommendation. Statistical risk scoring techniques in NSTEMI have been demonstrated to improve outcomes however their uptake has been poor perhaps due to questions over their discrimination and concern for application to individuals who may not have been adequately represented in clinical trials. STEMI is perceived to carry sufficient risk to warrant emergency coronary intervention [by primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI)] even if this results in a delay to reperfusion with immediate thrombolysis. Immediate thrombolysis may be as effective in patients presenting early, or at low risk, but physicians are poor at assessing clinical and procedural risks and currently are not required to consider this. Inadequate data on risk stratification in STEMI inhibits the option of immediate fibrinolysis, which may be cost-effective. Currently the mode of reperfusion for STEMI defaults to emergency angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention ignoring alternative strategies. This review article examines the current risk scores and evidence base for risk stratification for STEMI patients. The requirements for an ideal STEMI risk score are discussed. | Richard A Brogan Christopher J Malkin Philip D Batin Alexander D Simms James M McLenachan Christopher P Gale | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，8： | 6 |
| 5 | Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma显示文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a survival prognosis of 14-16 mo for the highest functioning patients. Despite aggressive, multimodal upfront therapies, the majority of GBMs will recur in approximately six months. Salvage therapy options for recurrent GBM(r GBM) are an area of intense research. This study compares recent survival and quality of life outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) salvage therapy. Following a Pub Med search for studies usingGKRS as salvage therapy for malignant gliomas, nine articles from 2005 to July 2013 were identified which evaluated rG BM treatment. In this review, we compare overall survival following diagnosis, overall survival following salvage treatment, progression-free survival, time to recurrence, local tumor control, and adverse radiation effects. This report discusses results for rG BM patient populations alone, not for mixed populations with other tumor histology grades. All nine studies reported median overall survival rates(from diagnosis, range:16.7-33.2 mo; from salvage, range:9-17.9 mo). Three studies identified median progression-free survival(range:4.6-14.9 mo). Two showed median time to recurrence of GBM. Two discussed local tumor control. Six studies reported adverse radiation effects(range:0%-46% of patients). The greatest survival advantages were seen in patients who received GKRS salvage along with other treatments, like resection or bevacizumab, suggesting that appropriately tailored multimodal therapy should be considered with each rG BM patient. However, there needs to be a randomized clinical trial to test GKRS for rG BM before the possibility of selection bias can be dismissed. | Erik W Larson Halloran E Peterson Wayne T Lamoreaux Alexander R MacKay Robert K Fairbanks Jason A Call Jonathan D Carlson Benjamin C Ling John J Demakas Barton S Cooke Christopher M Lee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 5 |
| 6 | Resin infiltration of deproteinised natural occlusal subsurface lesions improves initial quality of fissure sealing显示文摘The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the infiltration capability and rate of microleakage of a low-viscous resin infiltrant combined with a flowable composite resin(RI/CR) when used with deproteinised and etched occlusal subsurface lesions(International Caries Detection and Assessment System code 2). This combined treatment procedure was compared with the exclusive use of flowable composite resin(CR) for fissure sealing. Twenty premolars and 20 molars revealing non-cavitated occlusal carious lesions were randomly divided into two groups and were meticulously cleaned and deproteinised using Na OCl(2%). After etching with HCl(15%), 10 premolar and 10 molar lesions were infiltrated(Icon/DMG; rhodamine B isothiocyanate(RITC)-labelled) followed by fissure sealing(G-?nial Flo/GC; experimental group, RI/CR). In the control group(CR), the carious fissures were only sealed. Specimens were cut perpendicular to the occlusal surface and through the area of the highest demineralisation(DIAGNOdent pen, Ka Vo). Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy, the specimens were assessed with regard to the percentage of caries infiltration, marginal adaption and internal integrity. Within the CR group, the carious lesions were not infiltrated. Both premolar(57.9% ± 23.1%) and molar lesions(35.3% ± 22.1%) of the RI/CR group were uniformly infiltrated to a substantial extent, albeit with significant differences(P = 0.034). Moreover, microleakage(n = 1) and the occurrence of voids(n = 2) were reduced in the RI/CR group compared with the CR group(5 and 17 specimens,respectively). The RI/CR approach increases the initial quality of fissure sealing and is recommended for the clinical control of occlusal caries. | Andrej M Kielbassa Ina Ulrich Rita Schmidl Christoph Schuller Wilhelm Frank Vanessa D Werth | 2017 | International Journal of Oral Science2017，9，2： | 4 |
| 7 | Heparin resistance in severe thermal injury:a prospective cohort study显示文摘Background:Low molecular-weight heparin(LMWH)is routinely administered to burn patients for thromboprophylaxis.Some studies have reported heparin resistance,yet the mechanism(s)and prevalence have not been systematically studied.We hypothesized that nucleosomes,composed of histone structures with associated DNA released from injured tissue and activated immune cells in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs or NETosis),neutralize LMWH resulting in suboptimal anticoagulation,assessed by reduction in anti-factor Xa activity.Methods:Blood was sampled from>15%total body surface area(TBSA)burn patients receiving LMWH on days 5,10 and 14.Peak anti-factor Xa(AFXa)activity,anti-thrombin(ATIII)activity,cellfree DNA(cfDNA)levels and nucleosome levels were measured.Mixed effects regression was adjusted for multiple confounders,including injury severity and ATIII activity,and was used to test the association between nucleosomes and AFXa.Results:A total of 30 patients with severe burns were included.Mean TBSA 43%(SD 17).Twentythree(77%)patients were affected by heparin resistance(defined by AFXa activity<0.2 IU/mL).Mean peak AFXa activity across samples was 0.18 IU/mL(SD 0.11).Mean ATIII was 81.9%activity(SD 20.4).Samples taken at higher LWMH doses were found to have significantly increased AFXa activity,though the effect was not observed at all doses,at 8000 IU no samples were heparin resistant.Nucleosome levels were negatively correlated with AFXa(r=−0.29,p=0.050)consistent with the hypothesis.The final model,with peak AFXa as the response variable,was adjusted for nucleosome levels(p=0.0453),ATIII activity(p=0.0053),LMWH dose pre-sample(p=0.0049),drug given(enoxaparin or tinzaparin)(p=0.03),and other confounders including severity of injury,age,gender,time point of sample.Conclusions:Heparin resistance is a prevalent issue in severe burns.Nucleosome levels were increased post-burn,and showed an inverse association with AFXa consistent with the hypothesis that they may interfere with the anticoagulant effect of heparin in vivo and contribute to heparin resistance.Accurate monitoring of AFXa activity with appropriate therapy escalation plans are recommended with dose adjustment following severe burn injury. | Liam D Cato Benjamin Bailiff Joshua Price Christos Ermogeneous Jon Hazeldine William Lester Gillian Lowe Christopher Wearn Jonathan RB Bishop Janet M Lord Naiem Moiemen Paul Harrison | 2021 | Burns & Trauma2021，9，1： | 3 |
| 8 | Rho A signaling and blood pressure: The consequence of failing to “Tone it Down”显示文摘Uncontrolled high blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure and contributes to an estimated 25% of deaths worldwide. Despite numerous treatment options, estimates project that reasonable blood pressure(BP) control is achieved in only about half of hypertensive patients. Improvements in the detection and management of hypertension will undoubtedly be accomplished through a better understanding of the complex etiology of this disease and a more comprehensive inventory of the genes and genetic variants that influence BP regulation. Recent studies(primarily in pre-clinical models) indicate that the small GTPase Rho A and its downstream target, Rho kinase, play an important role in regulating BP homeostasis. Herein, we summarize the underlying mechanisms and highlight signaling pathways and regulators that impart tight spatial-temporal control of Rho A activity. We also discuss known allelic variations in the Rho A pathway and consider how these polymorphisms may affect genetic risk for hypertension and its clinical manifestations. Finally, we summarize the current(albeit limited) clinical data on the efficacy of targeting the Rho A pathway in hypertensive patients. | Xue Bai Rachel Dee Kevin D Mangum Christopher P Mack Joan M Taylor | 2016 | World Journal of Hypertension2016，6，1： | 3 |
| 9 | 一种房颤风险评分系统的建立(Framingham心脏研究):基于社区的队列研究显示文摘背景房颤导致了发病率和病死率的显著上升。本研究旨在建立一种预测个体罹患房颤绝对风险的风险评分系统,并提供研究人员评价新危险因素的流程。方法作者评估了Framingham心脏研究中于1968年6月至1987年9月间进行了8044次检测的4764例参与者(55%为女性,年龄45~95岁)。此后,参与者被随访至房颤首发,随访期最长达10年。多变量Coxi回归确认出1(1年内罹患房颤的临床危险因素。次级分析纳入了常规超声心动图检测指标(5152例4参与者,7156次检测)对房颤风险进行再分层评估,并评价超声检测指标能否提高风险预测能力。结果4764例参与者中的457例4(10%)罹患房颤。年龄、性别、体重指数、收缩压、降压治疗、PR间期、有临床意义的心脏杂音及心力衰竭与房颤相关,并被纳入了风险评分模型(除体重指数P=0.08外,其余均为P〈0.05),模型的C统计量为0.78(95%CI0.76~0.80)。10年房颤风险随年龄变化:年龄〈65岁的人群中53例(1%)风险高于15%,而〉65岁的人群中为783例(27%)。为提高预测能力而纳入超声检测指标仅使模型C统计量略微增高,由0.78(95%C10.75~0.80)增至0.79(95%CI0.77~0.82:P=0.005)。超声心动图检测指标并不能改善风险再分层评估(P=0.18)。结论基于社区医疗中易得的临床因素建立的风险评分系统,有助于确认社区个体罹患房颤的风险,评估技术或标志物能否改善风险预测,以及针对高危个体采取预防措施。 | Renate B Schnabel Lisa M Sullivan Daniel Levy Michael J Pencina Joseph M Massaro Ralph B D'Agostino Sr Christopher Newton-Cheh Jennifer F Yamamoto Jared W Magnani Thomas M Tadros William B Kannel Thomas J Wang Patrick T Ellinor Philip A Wolf Ramachanclran S Vasan Emelia J Benjamin 黄刚(译) | 2009 | 世界临床医学2009，，9： | 2 |
| 10 | 澳大利亚初级保健诊所新发腰背痛患者的预后:起始队列研究显示文摘目的估计初级保健诊所内新发腰背痛患者的1年预后,并确定其预后因素。设计1年随访队列研究。地点澳大利亚悉尼的初级保健诊所。参试者初级保健诊所接诊的973例非特异性腰背痛连续患者(平均年龄43.3岁,男性54.8%)。该起始队列患者腰背痛时间不足两周,征集自170名全科医生、理疗师或按摩师诊所。主要评估指标参试者完成基线调查问卷后,分别于初次就诊后6周、3个月和21个月时复查评估。评估内容包括:工作恢复情况、功能恢复情况和疼痛消失情况。潜在预后因素与恢复所需时间的关联性用Cox回归建模分析。结果12个月随访率〉97%。基线时工作能力下降的患者半数在14天内恢复了以前的工作状态(95%可信区间11-17天),83%在3个月内恢复。残疾(中位恢复时间31天,25-37天)和疼痛(中位58天,52-63天)则需要较长的时间才能恢复。只有72%的受试者于基线访问后12个月获得完全康复。高龄、赔偿诉讼、疼痛较重、就诊前腰背痛时间较长、就诊前因疼痛活动减少天数较多、抑郁情绪以及预期危险持续与所需恢复时问较长相关。结论在这个急性腰背痛初级保健患者队列,患者的预后并不像临床指南声称的那样乐观。多数患者的恢复缓慢。近三分之一的患者在腰背痛发作后1年尚未恢复。 | Nicholas Henschke Christopher G Maher Kathryn M Refshauge Robert D Herbert Robert G Cumming Jane Bleasel John York Anurina Das James H McAuley 蓝恭涛(译) | 2008 | 英国医学杂志中文版2008，11，6： | 2 |
| 11 | Thyroid hormone stimulates hepatic lipid catabolism via activation of autophagy显示文摘 | Sinha Rohit Anthony You Seo-Hee Zhou Jin Siddique Mobin M Bay Boon-Huat Zhu Xuguang Privalsky Martin L Cheng Sheue-Yann Stevens Robert D Summers Scott A Newgard Christopher B Lazar Mitchell A Yen Paul M | 2012 | EN2012，，7： | 2 |
| 12 | Serotonin type 3 receptor subunit gene polymorphisms associated with psychosomatic symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome:A multicenter retrospective study显示文摘BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of the serotonin type 3 receptor subunit(HTR3)genes have been associated with psychosomatic symptoms,but it is not clear whether these associations exist in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).AIM To assess the association of HTR3 polymorphisms with depressive,anxiety,and somatization symptoms in individuals with IBS.METHODS In this retrospective study,623 participants with IBS were recruited from five specialty centers in Germany,Sweden,the United States,the United Kingdom,and Ireland.Depressive,anxiety,and somatization symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics were collected.Four functional SNPs—HTR3A c.-42C>T,HTR3B c.386A>C,HTR3C c.489C>A,and HTR3E c.*76G>A—were genotyped and analyzed using the dominant and recessive models.We also performed separate analyses for sex and IBS subtypes.SNP scores were calculated as the number of minor alleles of the SNPs above.The impact of HTR3C c.489C>A was tested by radioligand-binding and calcium influx assays.RESULTS Depressive and anxiety symptoms significantly worsened with increasing numbers of minor HTR3C c.489C>A alleles in the dominant model(F_(depressive)=7.475,P_(depressive)=0.006;F_(anxiety)=6.535,P_(anxiety)=0.011).A higher SNP score(range 0-6)was linked to a worsened depressive symptoms score(F=7.710,P-linear trend=0.006)in IBS.The potential relevance of the HTR3C SNP was corroborated,showing changes in the expression level of 5-HT3AC variant receptors.CONCLUSION We have provided the first evidence that HTR3C c.489C>A is involved in depressive and anxiety symptoms in individuals with IBS.The SNP score indicated that an increasing number of minor alleles is linked to the worsening of depressive symptoms in IBS. | Sabrina Berens Yuanjun Dong Nikola Fritz Jutta Walstab Mauro D'Amato Tenghao Zheng Verena Wahl Felix Boekstegers Justo Lorenzo Bermejo Cristina Martinez Stefanie Schmitteckert Egbert Clevers Felicitas Engel Annika Gauss Wolfgang Herzog Robin Spiller Miriam Goebel-Stengel Hubert Mönnikes Viola Andresen Frieling Thomas Jutta Keller Christian Pehl Christoph Stein-Thöringer Gerard Clarke Timothy G Dinan Eamonn M Quigley Gregory Sayuk Magnus Simrén Jonas Tesarz Gudrun Rappold Lukas van Oudenhove Rainer Schaefert Beate Niesler | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，21： | 2 |
| 13 | A tabu search heuristic for the vehicle routing problem with backhauls and time windows显示文摘 | Christophe D Potvin J Y Rousseau J M | 1997 | Transportation Science1997，31，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Chemical space and hiology 显示文摘 | Christopher M D | 2004 | Nature2004，432，7019： | 1 |
| 15 | Heat Transfer in the Mi- crolayer Under a Bubble During Nucleate Boiling 显示文摘 | Christopher D M ZHANG L | 2010 | Ts- inghua Science &: Amp Technology2010，15，： | 1 |
| 16 | Interfacial modification of polystyrene - block - polybutadiene - bloke - polystyrene/magnesium hydroxide composites 显示文摘 | CHRISTOPHER M L PAUL D GRAHAM C | 2003 | Macromol Mater Eng2003，288，： | 1 |
| 17 | Human a-defensins block papillornavirus infection 显示文摘 | Christopher B Buck Patricia M Day Cynthia D Thompson | 2006 | PNAS2006，103，5： | 1 |
| 18 | A novel medium throughput quantitative competitive PCR technology to simultaneously measure mRNA levels from multiple genes显示文摘 | Junlong Z Ian N M Day and Christopher D B | 2002 | Nucleic Acids Research2002，30，5： | 1 |
| 19 | A Compact Optical Flow Cell for Nurse in Aqueous Halide Determination显示文摘 | Chris D G Peter D Christopher P M | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 20 | Early involve ment of death associated protein kinase promoter hypermethylation in the carcinogenesis of harrett's esophageal adenocareinoma and its association with clinical progression显示文摘 | Doerthe K Altar A D Christopher C M | 2007 | Ncoplasia2007，9，3： | 1 |
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