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| 1 | 阿拉斯加输油管的设计和施工方式方案变更过程及其背后的原因和哲学思想(英文)显示文摘阿拉斯加输油管道公司曾经研发和使用了3种主要施工方案和技术:传统地埋式、特殊埋设和地上敷设方式,在传统地埋式施工方案中,管顶埋深变化于0.9~2.7m.这主要是考虑了地形变化,而不是沿途的岩性和土壤类型.在特殊埋设方案中,在原油管道必须埋设的地段,如大规模动物迁徙常用地段则使用通道冷液循环降(保)温系统和(或)热管(桩)降(保)温,来保护多年冻土.地上敷设方案包括桩基架设和地上洁净砾石管堤(垫护层).后者只在管道进入和离开多年冻土时采用.架设桩基横梁方案中使用有或没有热管保温的垂直支架梁(单元)(VSM),在初步规划和设计阶段,管道的业主公司(即横穿阿拉斯加管道系统,或TAPS)和随后的阿拉斯加管道服务公司(APSC)不容商量的坚决要求100%的埋设方案.但是,随着勘察工作的进展和设计方案的细化,施工设计方案在不断变化,1977年管道施工结束时,只有57%的管道采用了埋设方式.管道运行30a后的今天(考虑运行期间维护中所产生的问题),很多经验丰富的工程师认为53%的埋设可能更合理.,设计和施工方案变更的原因主要有;1)为了获得通过联邦政府所属的土地所需的许可证,政府有特殊的规定和要求;2)管道公司的设计、施工和管理人员进行了现场野外调查、研究,并积极参与了详细设计和研发;3)美国环境政策法案(NEPA)的最新要求(启用了核准制).阿拉斯加管道服务公司是7家主要石油公司的服务机构.由于这个项目的巨大规模和所涉及的高昂费用,致使各大石油公司的工程师非同寻常程度的参与.在文章中,笔者论述了与阿拉斯加管道施工有关的阿拉斯加管道服务公司、美国联邦和阿拉斯加州政府相关组织机构的形成历史,管道设计演变过程及其背后的哲学思想,以及阿拉斯加管道工程项目的经验和教训. | Max Clifton Brewer 金会军 胡万志 张欣佳 陈剑锋 | 2006 | 冰川冻土2006，28，6： | 9 |
| 2 | Marked elevation of B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction显示文摘Marked elevations of B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)are not generally seen in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF).The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and laboratory characteristics of a large cohort of patients with HFpEF and markedly elevated BNP.A retrospective examination of 421inpatients at a university hospital admitted with a diagnosis of HFpEF was performed.Clinical and echocardiographic data in 4 groups of patients with levels of BNP≤100 pg/mL,100-400 pg/mL,400-1,000 pg/mL and>1,000 pg/mL were compared.Patients with HFpEF and BNP>1,000 pg/mL(28%of the population)were characterized by impaired renal function and greater use of anti-hypertensive medications.A subset of these patients with BNP>1,000 pg/mL had normal renal function(21%)and were significantly older,more frequently female,and tended to have lower ejection fractions.Conversely,patients with HFpEF and BNP≤100 pg/mL were younger and had preserved renal function.BNP was inversely related to the likelihood of subsequent admission for heart failure,but not to myocardial infarction or death.In conclusion:BNP>1,000 pg/mL is seen in almost 1/3 of patients hospitalized with HFpEF.This elevation of BNP often reflects impaired renal function,but can also be seen in patients with preserved renal function but relatively impaired systolic function. | Samuel Tate Andrea Griem Blythe Durbin-Johnson Clifton Watt Saul Schaefer | 2014 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2014，28，4： | 7 |
| 3 | Intermittent energy restriction in type 2 diabetes: A short discussion of medication management显示文摘AIM To discuss type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) medication changes required during the popular 5:2 intermittent energy restriction(IER) diet. METHODS A search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL and Cochrane library for original research articles investigating the use of very low calorie diets(VLCD) in people with T2 DM. The search terms used included 'VLCD' or 'very low energy diet' or 'very low energy restriction' or 'IER' or 'intermittent fasting' or 'calorie restriction' or 'diabetes mellitus type 2' and 'type 2 diabetes'. Reference lists of selected articles were also screened for relevant publications. Only research articles written in English, which also included an explanation of medication changes were included. A recent pilot trial using the 5:2 IER method, conducted by our research group, will also be summarized.RESULTS A total of 8 studies were found that investigated the use of VLCD in T2 DM and discussed medication management. Overall these studies indicate that the use of a VLCD for people with T2 DM usually require the cessation of medication to prevent hypoglycemia. Therefore, the 5:2 IER method will also require medication changes, but as seen in our pilot trial, may not require total cessation of medication, rather a cessation on the 2 IER days only. CONCLUSION Guidelines outlined here can be used in the initial stages of a 2-d IER diet, but extensive blood glucose monitoring is still required to make the necessary individual reductions to medications in response to weight loss. | Sharayah Carter Peter M Clifton Jennifer B Keogh | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，20： | 6 |
| 4 | Characterization and evolutionary dynamics of complex regions in eukaryotic genomes显示文摘Complex regions in eukaryotic genomes are typically characterized by duplications of chromosomal stretches that often include one or more genes repeated in a tandem array or in relatively close proximity. Nevertheless, the repetitive nature of these regions,together with the often high sequence identity among repeats, have made complex regions particularly recalcitrant to proper molecular characterization, often being misassembled or completely absent in genome assemblies. This limitation has prevented accurate functional and evolutionary analyses of these regions. This is becoming increasingly relevant as evidence continues to support a central role for complex genomic regions in explaining human disease, developmental innovations, and ecological adaptations across phyla. With the advent of long-read sequencing technologies and suitable assemblers, the development of algorithms that can accommodate sample heterozygosity, and the adoption of a pangenomic-like view of these regions, accurate reconstructions of complex regions are now within reach. These reconstructions will finally allow for accurate functional and evolutionary studies of complex genomic regions, underlying the generation of genotype-phenotype maps of unprecedented resolution. | José Ranz Bryan Clifton | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，4： | 5 |
| 5 | Altered expression of novel genes in the cerebral cortex following experimental brain injury显示文摘 | Kobori N Clifton G L Dash P | 2002 | Brain Res Mol Brain Res2002，104，2： | 4 |
| 6 | 不同麻前给药配合乳化七氟烷对矮马肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统及无创血压影响的对比显示文摘本试验旨在比较不同麻前给药方案配合乳化七氟烷进行麻醉时对矮马无创血压及肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的影响。以半野生矮马为研究对象,将10匹矮马随机分成KFXES组、KFDBES组两组,采用肌内注射的方式,KFXES组使用氯胺酮、静松灵、芬太尼对矮马进行诱导麻醉,KFDBES组使用氯胺酮、布托啡诺、右旋美托咪定和芬太尼对矮马进行诱导麻醉。矮马保持自主呼吸,采用静脉给药的方式,恒速静脉滴注6%乳化七氟烷维持麻醉2 h。在给药前记录常态下试验动物基础体征,在麻醉后持续2 h记录矮马的生命体征,分别于0、30、60、90、120 min监测无创血压,并同步采集血液样本,检测血浆中肾素、血管紧张素、醛固酮等因子的浓度。结果显示,在试验过程中,KFXES组矮马的血压与试验前对比有显著性差异(P<0.05),在0~60 min时,对RAAS的抑制性两试验组间无明显差异(P>0.05),麻醉时间超过90 min时,KFXES组对RAAS的抑制显著弱于KFDBES组(P<0.05)。因此,氯胺酮、芬太尼、布托啡诺及右旋美托咪定复合乳化七氟烷相对于氯胺酮、静松灵及芬太尼复合乳化七氟烷对半野生矮马进行麻醉时血压稳定性更好,在麻醉90 min后对RAAS的影响更大。本研究结果可为矮马的麻醉方法或剂量优化提供参考。 | 杜垣逸 ALANCIA CAROL Clifton 刘娜 范玉莹 贾昊天 葛瑞东 李秀云 邹希明 刘云 | 2021 | 中国畜牧兽医2021，48，2： | 4 |
| 7 | Descriptive analysis of PM 2.5 and PM 10 at regionally representative locations during SJVAQS/AUSPEX显示文摘 | Judith C. Chow John G. Watson Zhiqiang Lu Douglas H. Lowenthal Clifton A. Frazier Paul A. Solomon Richard H. Thuillier Karen Magliano | 1996 | Atmospheric Environment1996，，12： | 3 |
| 8 | Commissioning and Quality Assurance of RapidArc Radiotherapy Delivery System显示文摘 | C. Clifton Ling Pengpeng Zhang Yves Archambault Jiri Bocanek Grace Tang Thomas LoSasso | 2008 | International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics2008，，2： | 2 |
| 9 | Correlation of dosimetric factors and radiation pneumonitis for non–small-cell lung cancer patients in a recently completed dose escalation study显示文摘 | Ellen D. Yorke Andrew Jackson Kenneth E. Rosenzweig Louise Braban Steven A. Leibel C. Clifton Ling | 2005 | International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics2005，，3： | 2 |
| 10 | Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors in immunocompromised patients:Six case reports显示文摘BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus associated smooth muscle tumor(EBV-SMT)is a rare oncological entity.However,there is an increasing incidence of EBV-SMTs,as the frequency of organ transplantation and immunosuppression grows.EBV-SMT diagnosis relies on histopathology and immunochemical staining to distinguish it from post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder(PTLD).There is no clear consensus on the treatment of EBV-SMTs.However,surgical resection,chemotherapy,radiation therapy,and immunosuppression reduction have been explored with varying degrees of success.CASE SUMMARY Our case series includes six cases of EBV-SMTs across different age groups,with different treatment modalities,adding to the limited existing literature on this rare tumor.The median latency time between immunosuppression and disease diagnosis is four years.EBV-SMTs present with variable degrees of aggressiveness and seem to have worse clinical outcomes in patients with tumor multiplicity and worse immunocompetency.CONCLUSION It is imperative to continue building on this knowledge and keeping EBV-SMTs on the differential in immunocompromised individuals. | Afshin A Khan Bassam N Estfan Anirudh Yalamanchali Djibril Niang Erica C Savage Clifton G Fulmer Hailey L Gosnell Jamak Modaresi Esfeh | 2022 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2022，13，6： | 2 |
| 11 | Descriptive analysis of PM 2.5 and PM 10 at regionally representative locations during SJVAQS/AUSPEX显示文摘 | Judith C. Chow John G. Watson Zhiqiang Lu Douglas H. Lowenthal Clifton A. Frazier Paul A. Solomon Richard H. Thuillier Karen Magliano | 1996 | Atmospheric Environment1996，，12： | 2 |
| 12 | 检测孕妇血浆中的urocortin显示文摘目的 :研究 urocortin(促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素肽类家族新成员 )是否存在于孕妇血循环中及其含量 ,以证实 uro-cortin是否能在妊娠中产生并由此调节子宫 -胎盘的血管张力。 方法 :用放射免疫测定法从受孕 16周起检测孕妇血浆中是否含有 urocortin,并用凝胶层析法检测从孕妇血浆中提取的 urocortin是否与人工合成的 urocortin标准品一致。 结果 :从受孕16周起孕妇的血浆中即可测得 urocortin,但其浓度并不随孕周的增加而改变。孕妇血浆中的 urocortin与人工合成的标准品具有相同的相对分子质量和免疫活性。 结论 :实验证实在人类妊娠过程中 ,urocortin可从孕妇血浆中检测出 ,为 urocortin调节子宫 | 顾清 Vicki Clifton 崔英 惠宁 周晓宁 贺茜 韩青凤 沙金燕 Roger Smith | 2000 | 第二军医大学学报2000，21，12： | 2 |
| 13 | Assessing the evidence for weight loss strategies in people with and without type 2 diabetes显示文摘This review will examine topical issues in weight loss and weight maintenance in people with and without diabetes. A high protein, low glycemic index diet would appear to be best for 12-mo weight maintenance in people without type 2 diabetes. This dietary pattern is currently beingexplored in a large prevention of diabetes intervention. Intermittent energy restriction is useful but no better than daily energy restriction but there needs to be larger and longer term trials performed. There appears to be no evidence that intermittent fasting or intermittent severe energy restriction has a metabolic benefit beyond the weight loss produced and does not spare lean mass compared with daily energy restriction. Meal replacements are useful and can produce weight loss similar to or better than food restriction alone. Very low calorie diets can produce weight loss of 11-16 kg at 12 mo with persistent weight loss of 1-2 kg at 4-6 years with a very wide variation in long term results. Long term medication or meal replacement support can produce more sustained weight loss. In type 2 diabetes very low carbohydrate diets are strongly recommended by some groups but the long term evidence is very limited and no published trial is longer than 12 mo. Although obesity is strongly genetically based the microbiome may play a small role but human evidence is currently very limited. | Peter Clifton | 2017 | World Journal of Diabetes2017，8，10： | 2 |
| 14 | Social Capital, Firm Embeddedness and Regional Development显示文摘 | Cooke P Clifton N | 2005 | Regional Studies2005，，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Mitogen-and stress-activa-ted protein kinase-1(MSK1)is directly activated by MAPK andSAPK2/p38,and may mediate activation of CREB显示文摘 | Deak M Clifton A D Lucocq L M | 1998 | EMBO J1998，17，15： | 1 |
| 16 | ofal Thoracoscopil versus laparoscopic oclified heller myotomy for achalajia:efficaey and saftey in 87 patients显示文摘 | Stewart kc Finley RJ Clifton Jc | 1999 | J Am collsuag1999，189，2： | 1 |
| 17 | The effect of high-and low-glycemic index energy restricted diets on plasma lipid and glucose profiles in type 2 diabetic subjects with varying glycemie control显示文摘 | Heibronn LK Woakes M Clifton PM | 2002 | J AM College Nutr2002，21，： | 1 |
| 18 | Dynamic constitutive and failure behavior of a two phase tungsten composite显示文摘 | Zhou M Clifton R J | 1997 | Journal of Applied Mechanics1997，64，： | 1 |
| 19 | Analyses of the Cag pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori 显示文摘 | Kopyants N S Clifton S W Kersulyte D | 1998 | Mol Microbiol1998，28，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Enteral hyperal- imentation in head injury 显示文摘 | Clifton GL Robertson CS Contant CF | 1985 | J Neurosurg1985，62，2： | 1 |
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