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| 1 | Laser management of hypertrophic burn scars:a comprehensive review显示文摘Hypertrophic scars often develop following burn-related injuries.These scars can be cosmetically unappealing,but associated symptoms of pruritus,pain and restricted range of motion can impair a person’s quality of life.Laser and light therapies offer a minimally invasive,low-risk approach to treatment,with a short postoperative recovery period.As laser technology developed,studies have shown decreased scar thickness,neuropathic pain and need for surgical excision,as well as improved scar pigmentation,erythema,pliability,texture,height and pruritus.In this review,we present the evolution of laser therapy for hypertrophic burn scars,how different types of lasers work,indications,perioperative considerations and guidelines for practice management. | Kevin M.Klifto Mohammed Asif C.Scott Hultman | 2020 | Burns & Trauma2020，8，1： | 5 |
| 2 | Substance use and inhalation injury in adult burn patients:retrospective study of the impact on outcomes显示文摘Background:Substance use,alcohol use,and smoking use have all been associated with burn injury.Few studies have investigated associations with substances,alcohol,smoking,inhalational only burns,and patient outcomes.The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors for pulmonary failure in patients suffering inhalation injury,focusing on the impact of substance,alcohol,and cigarette use.Methods:This is a single-center retrospective analysis of 115 patients admitted to the Johns Hopkins Bayview Burn Center with inhalational injury from January 1,2010,through September 30,2018.Patients were excluded if they were under the age of 18 years or had burn involvement of the skin>5%.Primary outcome variables measured were if patients were intubated,length of total time intubated,substance use,alcohol use,and smoking use.Secondary outcome variables measured were types of substances used(amphetamines,barbiturates,benzodiazepines,cannabinoids,cocaine,methadone,codeine/morphine),total number of substances used,intensive care unit(ICU)length of stay(LOS),hospital LOS,secondary complications,and patient mortality.Analysis was performed with Fisher’s exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test.A sub-group analysis for each substance,alcohol,smoking,and control subgroup was compared to its respective sub-group without substance,alcohol,smoking,and control within the no intubation and intubation group.A sub-group analysis of substance use,alcohol use,smoking use,and control was further analyzed with binomial logistic regression within the intubation group.Results:Following inhalation injury,50/115(43%)patients required intubation.Forty-two of the 50(84%)patients intubated had substance use(p<0.001).Thirty-one of the 50(62%)patients intubated had history of smoking(p=0.038).Among the specific substances used,26/50(52%)patients intubated were using benzodiazepines(p<0.001)and 7/50(14%)patients were using cocaine(p=0.022).The lengths of intubation,ICU LOS,and hospital LOS with no substance use were shorter than with substance use(p<0.001).Following the adjusted sub-group analysis,patients with substance use(odds ratio(OR)6.4,95%confidence interval(CI)[2.5–16.3];p<0.001)and smoking use(OR 2.5,95%CI[1.2–5.1];p=0.013)were more likely to be intubated on admission than those without substance or smoking use.Conclusions:In patients admitted with an inhalational injury with less than or equal to 5%external burns,the presence of a substance and smoking use on admission provides a further risk of intubation and respiratory compromise.Substance use on admission poses a greater risk of longer intubation,ICU LOS,and hospital LOS.A higher potential for substance use should be suspected in this patient population with prompt treatment. | Kevin M.Klifto Luis Quiroga C.Scott Hultman | 2019 | Burns & Trauma2019，7，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Use of Load Control to Regulate Voltage on Distribution Networks With Embedded Generation显示文摘 | NIGEL C.Scott David J.Atkinson James E.Morrell | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 4 | A tale of three greenway trails: user perceptions related to quality of life显示文摘 | C.Scott Shafer Bong Koo Lee Shawn Turner | 2000 | Landscape and Urban Planning2000，，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Prevalence and associated predictors for patients developing chronic neuropathic pain following burns显示文摘Background:Chronic pain,unrelated to the burn itself,can manifest as a long-term complication in patients sustaining burn injuries.The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of chronic neuropathic pain(CNP)and compare burn characteristics between patients who developed CNP and patients without CNP who were treated at a burn center.Methods:A single-center,retrospective analysis of 1880 patients admitted to the adult burn center was performed from 1 January 2014 to 1 January 2019.Patients included were over the age of 15 years,sustained a burn injury and were admitted to the burn center.CNP was diagnosed clinically following burn injury.Patients were excluded from the definition of CNP if their pain was due to an underlying illness or medication.Comparisons between patients admitted to the burn center with no pain and patients admitted to the burn center who developed CNP were performed.Results:One hundred and thirteen of the 1880 burn patients developed CNP as a direct result of burn injury over 5 years with a prevalence of 6.01%.Patients who developed CNP were a significantly older median age(54 years vs.46 years,p=0.002),abused alcohol(29%vs.8%,p<0.001),abused substances(31%vs.9%,p<0.001),were current daily smokers(73%vs.33%,p<0.001),suffered more full-thickness burns(58%vs.43%,p<0.001),greater median percent of total body surface area(%TBSA)burns(6 vs.3.5,p<0.001),were more often intubated on mechanical ventilation(33%vs.14%,p<0.001),greater median number of surgeries(2 vs.0,p<0.001)and longer median hospital length of stay(LOS)(10 days vs.3 days,p<0.001),compared to those who did not develop CNP,respectively.Median patient follow-up was 27 months.Conclusions:The prevalence of CNP over 5 years was 6.01%in the burn center.Older ages,alcohol abuse,substance abuse,current daily smoking,greater percent of total body surface area(%TBSA)burns,third degree burns,being intubated on mechanical ventilation,having more surgeries and longer hospital LOS were associated with developing CNP following burn injury,compared to patients who did not develop CNP following burn injury. | Kevin M.Klifto A.Lee Dellon C.Scott Hultman | 2020 | Burns & Trauma2020，8，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Influence of Social Biophysical,Barrier reefand managerial conditions on tourism experiences within the Great Area显示文摘 | C.Scott Shafer J.Inglis | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 7 | The transfer and resulting negative effects of nano-and micro-plastics through the aquatic trophic web—A discreet threat to human health显示文摘The ubiquitous occurrence of plastic nano-and micro-particle contamination has raised concerns about its potential risks and impacts on the global environment,especially in aquatic ecosystems.Hundreds of aquatic species,from different trophic levels,have been affected by this“new”contaminant,which has been reported mainly in their digestive tracts.Consequently,current knowledge about plastic nano-and micro-particle spread and the potential impact on aquatic biota is growing rapidly.However,there is a significant lack of understanding of the trophic spread of microplastic contamination and integration of knowledge derived from laboratory assays with that from field research is difficult.Field experiments are unable to deal with differentiating between directly and indirectly ingested plastic microparticles.On the other hand,laboratory assays evaluating the influence of plastic microparticles and of their adhered or constitutive toxins on representative species cannot satisfactorily simulate the real environment.As a result,little is known about the effective transfer of plastic particles through the trophic net and the resulting human health risks.The present review seeks to gather information that can give a more accurate idea of the current situation and future challenges to be faced in mitigating the environmental and human effects of plastic particle pollution in aquatic,particularly estuarine,ecosystems. | Charles V.Neves Christine C.Gaylarde Jose Antonio Baptista Neto Khaue S.Vieira Bruno Pierri Carolina C.C.Waite Daniela C.Scott Estefan M.da Fonseca | 2022 | Water Biology and Security2022，1，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Echinococcus granulosus‐specific T‐cell lines derived from patients at various clinical stages of cystic echinococcosis显示文摘 | R.Riganò B.Buttari E.De Falco E.Profumo E.Ortona P.Margutti C.Scottà A.Teggi A.Siracusano | 2004 | Parasite Immunology2004，，1： | 1 |
| 9 | KNbO_3:Rb晶体生长及其快速光折变响应特性显示文摘生长了优质的KNbO_3:Rb晶体,研究了光折变时间响应特性。发现该晶体的光折变响应时间可分为快慢两个成分,快成分占70%。在总写入光强为1W/cm￣2时,快成分可达2ms。该晶体不需进行还原处理,光学均匀性不会因此而遭到破坏。 | 沈德忠 马笑衍 陈炯尧 张宇衡 叶伯琦 C.Scott | 1994 | 人工晶体学报1994，23，4： | 1 |
| 10 | The Erosion of Patron-Client Bonds and Social Change in Rural Southeast Asia显示文摘 | James C.Scott | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | 原发性脑瘤和治疗后复发性脑瘤的单次放射性治疗.RTOG90-05号报告显示文摘 | E.Shaw C.Scott L.Souhami R.Dinapoli R.Kline J.Loeffier N.Farnan | 2000 | 放射肿瘤生物学2000，47，： | 1 |
| 12 | Safety and patient outcomes with lubiprostone for up to 52?weeks in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation显示文摘 | D. A.Drossman C.Scott R.Ueno | 2012 | Aliment Pharmacol Ther2012，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Echinococcus granulosus‐specific T‐cell lines derived from patients at various clinical stages of cystic echinococcosis显示文摘 | R.Riganò B.Buttari E.De Falco E.Profumo E.Ortona P.Margutti C.Scottà A.Teggi A.Siracusano | 2004 | Parasite Immunology2004，，1： | 1 |
| 14 | 让气候阴谋论远离课堂显示文摘几十年来,对进化论的异议一直困扰着美国教师、学校董事会、各州的教育委员会和立法机关。美国教育工作者为在科学课中保留下进化论内容,并排除神创论内容作过斗争。 | 尤金妮亚·C·斯科特(Eugenie C.Scott) 明达·伯布科(Minda Berbeco) 詹浩(翻译) | 2013 | 环球科学2013，，11： | 0 |
| 15 | 邮票展示的火山地质显示文摘火山已在很多国家的邮票上显露头角,毫不惊奇,它们可能会影响人们的生活。火山作用的全部过程已有描述。包括火山喷发、地热活动以及火山产物等。对火山有多种分类法,但也许最有趣的是根据其整个板块构造背景来分类。因此,火山可以分为:(1)大洋的:生长型的(洋中脊),板块内部型的(岛屿、海山)以及消减型的(岛弧);(2)大陆的;板块内部型的(大陆裂谷)以及消减型的(大陆山弧)。 | Ardrcw C.Scott 蓝晶 | 1991 | 地质科学译丛1991，8，3： | 0 |
| 16 | The use of charcoal to interpret Cretaceous wildfires and volcanic activity显示文摘Charcoal is abundant in most post-Silurian sedimentary sequences and even in some volcanic rocks. The study of charcoal can provide important information on not only what plants were being burned but also on how the charcoal residue was formed. Most charcoal encountered in the sedimentary record is a result of lightning-ignited wildfires but volcanic activity may also act as an ignition source. Charcoal preserves exquisite anatomical data that can be studied by a range of microscopical techniques including scanning electron microscopy that allows the identity of the plants to be determined. Fires have a major impact on a range of environments and ecosystems. The elevated oxygen content of the atmosphere indicates that the Cretaceous can be considered a 'high-fire' world. Fire activity should be taken into account in Cretaceous vegetation and climate models. The occurrence of charcoal at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary has been highlighted as evidence for a global fire following an asteroid impact, but this interpretation is questionable.Charcoal may be found within volcanic rocks, especially from deposits of pyroclastic flows and from basaltic lavas. This may provide data on the entombed vegetation but reflectance data may be used to provide interpretations of deposit temperatures. Charcoal is information-rich but yet is an under-utilized resource. Fire is an expression of life on Earth and an index of life's history and is relevant for geology, biology, human history, physics and global chemistry. | Andrew C.Scott | 2019 | Global Geology2019，22，4： | 0 |
| 17 | 3D地震在油藏模型中的应用及其对油藏管理的影响显示文摘组织与经营环境因素与3D地震成功应用到油藏模型中所采用的方法技术同样重要。3D地震对E&P计划的价值已得到进一步确定。最新的综合技术简化了操作过程。多学科队伍间的协作使人们认识到了更多的3D价值。通常,以最经济有效的方式优化油藏模型,必须要综合整个油藏特性描述处理中的各部分结果,并且还包括地震数据采集和处理的综合。 本文给出了一些研究实例,概述了3D地震技术在油藏特征描述应用中的一些最新进展,包括: ·利于复杂浊积扇相解释的神经网络技术; ·圈定和量化河道砂岩的3D地层反演; ·联合应用确定性和地质统计性模型,显示流体流动模拟对随机估算的敏感性,以及通过地震信息的综合降低不确定性。 每一个油藏都有各自的特点:物理上、经济上以及概念上的特点,适用的地震方法描述油藏特性,需要了解油藏特性的地震估算之间的复杂关系。 随着解决综合问题采用的综合方法变得更加灵活,把油藏研究看成是一个整体处理过程已成为可能,并可以确定出处理现有资料和补充资料所需的技术、成本和时间。 | C.Scott Burns 刘丽 | 1999 | 石油物探译丛1999，，6： | 0 |
| 18 | Acute surgical vs non-surgical management for ocular and peri-ocular burns:a systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘Background:Burn-related injury to the face involving the structures of the eyes,eyelids,eyelashes,and/or eyebrows could result in multiple reconstructive procedures to improve functional and cosmetic outcomes,and correct complications following poor acute phase management.The objective of this article was to evaluate if nonsurgical or surgical interventions are best for acute management of ocular and/or peri-ocular burns.Methods:This systematic review and meta-analysis compared 272 surgical to 535 non-surgical interventions within 1 month of patients suffering burn-related injuries to 465 eyes,253 eyelids,90 eyelashes,and 0 eyebrows and evaluated associated outcomes and complications.The PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and Scopus databases were systematically and independently searched.Patient and clinical characteristics,surgical and medical interventions,outcomes,and complications were recorded.Results:Eight of the 14,927 studies queried for this study were eligible for the systematic review and meta-analysis,with results from 33 of the possible 58 outcomes and complications using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis(PRISMA)and Cochrane guidelines.Surgery was associated with standard mean differences(SMD)0.44 greater visual acuity on follow-up,SMD 1.63mm shorter epithelial defect diameters on follow-up,SMD 1.55 mm greater changes in epithelial diameters from baseline,SMD 1.17 mm^(2) smaller epithelial defect areas on follow-up,SMD 1.37 mm^(2) greater changes in epithelial defect areas from baseline,risk ratios(RR)1.22 greater numbers of healed epithelial defects,RR 11.17 more keratitis infections,and a 2.2 greater reduction in limbal ischemia compared to no surgical intervention.Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis found that compared to non-surgical interventions,acute surgical interventions for ocular,eyelid,and/or eyelash burns were found to have greater visual acuity on follow-up,shorter epithelial defect diameters on follow-up,greater changes in epithelial diameters from baseline,smaller epithelial defect areas on follow-up,greater changes in epithelial defect areas from baseline,greater numbers of healed epithelial defects,more keratitis infections,and a greater reduction in limbal ischemia,possibility preventing the need of a future limbal stem cell transplantation. | Kevin M.Klifto Ala Elhelali Caresse F.Gurno Stella M.Seal Mohammed Asif C.Scott Hultman | 2019 | Burns & Trauma2019，7，1： | 0 |
| 19 | Surgical outcomes in adults with purpura fulminans:a systematic review and patientlevel meta-synthesis显示文摘Background:Cutaneous manifestations of purpura fulminans(PF)present many challenges for clinicians and surgeons.In a state of septic shock complicated by limb ischemia,surgical interventions are necessary to control the pathological cascade and improve patient outcomes.The objective of this article was to report etiologies and surgical outcomes associated with cutaneous manifestations in adults.Methods:This systematic review and meta-analysis compared 190 adult patients with etiologies,signs and symptoms,and surgical outcomes associated with cutaneous manifestations of PF.The PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and Scopus databases were systematically and independently searched.Patient and clinical characteristics,surgical interventions,outcomes,and complications were recorded.Results:Seventy-nine studies were eligible for the systematic review,and 77 were eligible for meta-analysis using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis(PRISMA)and Cochrane guidelines.A total of 71/190(38%)cases reported surgical debridement.Fasciotomies were reported in 12/190(6%)cases and 20 procedures.Amputations were reported in 154/190(81%)cases.Reconstruction was reported in 45 cases.Skin grafts were applied in 31 cases.Flaps were used for reconstruction in 28 cases.Median(IQR)surgical procedures per patient were 4(4,5)procedures.Infectious organisms causing PF were 32%Neisseria meningitidis(n=55)and 32%Streptococcus pneumonia(n=55).Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(95%confidence interval(CI)(8.2–177.9),p=0.032),Haemophilus influenza(95%CI(7.2–133),p=0.029),Streptococcus pneumonia(95%CI(13.3–75.9),p=0.006),and West Nile Virus(95%CI(8.2–177.9),p=0.032)were associated with significantly more extensive amputations compared to other organisms.Conclusion:This systematic review and patient-level meta-analysis found the most common presentation of PF was septic shock from an infectious organism.Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumonia were equally the most common organisms associated with PF.The majority of cases were not treated in a burn center.The most common surgeries were amputations,with below-the-knee-amputations being the most common procedure.Skin grafting was the most commonly performed reconstructive procedure.The most common complications were secondary infections.Organisms with significantly more extensive amputations were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus,Haemophilus influenza,Streptococcus pneumonia,and West Nile Virus.Interpretation of findings should be cautioned due to limited sample data. | Kevin M.Klifto Caresse F.Gurno Michael J.Grzelak StellaM.Seal Mohammed Asif C.Scott Hultman Julie A.Caffrey | 2019 | Burns & Trauma2019，7，1： | 0 |
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