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| 1 | Blood loss,predictors of bleeding,transfusion practice and strategies of blood cell salvaging during liver transplantation显示文摘Blood loss during liver transplantation (OLTx) is a common consequence of pre-existing abnormalities of the hemostatic system,portal hypertension with multiple collateral vessels,portal vein thrombosis,previous abdominal surgery,splenomegaly,and poor 'functional' recovery of the new liver.The intrinsic coagulopathic features of end stage cirrhosis along with surgical technical difficulties make transfusion-free liver transplantation a major challenge,and,despite the improvements in understanding of intraoperative coagulation profiles and strategies to control blood loss,the requirements for blood or blood products remains high.The impact of blood transfusion has been shown to be significant and independent of other well-known predictors of posttransplant-outcome.Negative effects on immunomodulation and an increased risk of postoperative complications and mortality have been repeatedly demonstrated.Isovolemic hemodilution,the extensive utilization of thromboelastogram and the use of autotransfusion devices are among the commonly adopted procedures to limit the amount of blood transfusion.The use of intraoperative blood salvage and autologous blood transfusion should still be considered an important method to reduce the need for allogenic blood and the associated complications.In this article we report on the common preoperative and intraoperative factors contributing to blood loss,intraoperative transfusion practices,anesthesiologic and surgical strategies to prevent blood loss,and on intraoperative blood salvaging techniques and autologous blood transfusion.Even though the advances in surgical technique and anesthetic management,as well as a better understanding of the risk factors,have resulted in a steady decrease in intraoperative bleeding,most patients still bleed extensively.Blood transfusion therapy is still a critical feature during OLTx and various studies have shown a large variability in the use of blood products among different centers and even among individual anesthesiologists within the same center.Unfortunately,despite the large number of OLTx performed each year,there is still paucity of large randomized,multicentre,and controlled studies which indicate how to prevent bleeding,the transfusion needs and thresholds,and the 'evidence based' perioperative strategies to reduce the amount of transfusion. | Feltracco Paolo Brezzi Marialuisa Barbieri Stefania Galligioni Helmut Milevoj Moira Carollo Cristiana Ori Carlo | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，1： | 37 |
| 2 | Tree diversity increases levels of herbivore damage in a subtropical forest canopy:evidence for dietary mixing by arthropods?显示文摘Aims Plant diversity has been linked to both increasing and decreasing levels of arthropod herbivore damage in different plant communities.So far,these links have mainly been studied in grasslands or in artificial tree plantations with low species richness.Furthermore,most studies provide results from newly established experimental plant communities where trophic links are not fully established or from stands of tree saplings that have not yet developed a canopy.Here,we test how tree diversity in a species-rich subtropical forest in China with fully developed tree canopy affects levels of herbivore damage caused by different arthropod feeding guilds.Methods We established 27 plots of 30×30 m area.The plots were selected randomly but with the constraint that they had to span a large range of tree diversity as required for comparative studies in contrast to sample surveys.We recorded herbivore damage caused by arthropod feeding guilds(leaf chewers,leaf skeletonizers and sap feeders)on canopy leaves of all major tree species.Important Findings Levels of herbivore damage increased with tree species richness and tree phylogenetic diversity.These effects were most pronounced for damage caused by leaf chewers.Although the two diversity measures were highly correlated,we additionally found a significant interaction between them,whereby species richness increased herbivory mostly at low levels of phylogenetic diversity.Tree species with the lowest proportion of canopy leaf biomass in a plot tended to suffer the highest levels of herbivore damage,which is in contrast to expectations based on the resource concentration hypothesis.Our results are in agreement with expectations of the dietary mixing hypothesis where generalist herbivores with a broad spectrum of food plants benefit from increased resource diversity in tree species-rich forest patches. | Matteo Brezzi Bernhard Schmid Pascal A.Niklaus Andreas Schuldt | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 9 |
| 3 | Two families of mixed finite elements for second order elliptic problems显示文摘 | Franco Brezzi Jim Douglas L. D. Marini | 1985 | Numerische Mathematik1985，，2： | 2 |
| 4 | On drilling degrees of freedom显示文摘 | Hughes T J R Brezzi F | 1989 | Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering1989，72，： | 2 |
| 5 | Epi-dural anesthesia and analgesia in liver resect-ion and living donor hepatectomy显示文摘 | FELTRACCO P BREZZI ML BARBIERI S | 2008 | TransplantProc2008，40，： | 1 |
| 6 | Stabilized mixed methods for the stokes problem显示文摘 | BREZZI F DOUGLAS J | 1988 | Numer Math1988，53，： | 1 |
| 7 | Primary IgA nephropathy is more severe in TGF-beta1 high secretor patients显示文摘 | Brezzi B Del Prete D Lupo A | 2009 | J Nephrol2009，22，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Error estimates for the finite element solution of variational inequalities显示文摘 | Franco Brezzi William W. Hager P. A. Raviart | 1978 | Numerische Mathematik1978，，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Primary IgA ne- phropathy is more severe in TGF-betal high secretor pa- tients显示文摘 | Brezzi B Del Prete D Lupo A | 2009 | Nephrol2009，22，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Error estimates for the finite element solution of variational inequalities显示文摘 | Franco Brezzi William W. Hager P. A. Raviart | 1977 | Numerische Mathematik1977，，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Stabilized mixed methods for the Stokes problem显示文摘 | Franco Brezzi Jim Douglas | 1988 | Numerische Mathematik (-)1988，，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Mixed and nonconforming finite element methods:implementation,postprocessing and error extimates显示文摘 | ARNOLD D N BREZZI F | 1985 | RAIRO Model Math Anal Numer1985，19，： | 1 |
| 13 | Error estimates for the finite elment solution of varitional inequalities显示文摘 | Brezzi F Hager W W Raviart P A | 1977 | Numerische Mathematik1977，，28： | 1 |
| 14 | A finite element approximation of varitional inequality related to hydraulics显示文摘 | Brezzi F Sacchi GF | 1976 | Calcolo1976，13，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Primary IgA nephropathy is more severe in TGF-betal high secretor patients显示文摘 | Brezzi B Del Prete D Lupo A | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 16 | On the existence, uniqueness and approximation of saddle-point problems arising from Lagrangian multipliers显示文摘 | Brezzi F | 1974 | RAIAO Anal Numer1974，8，： | 1 |
| 17 | Numerical approximation of Mindlin-Reissner plates 显示文摘 | Brezzi F Fortin M | 1986 | Mathematics ofComputation1986，47，： | 1 |
| 18 | Error estimates for the finite element solution of variational inequalities显示文摘 | Brezzi F Hager W W Raviart P A | 1977 | Numer Math1977，28，： | 1 |
| 19 | A stable finite element for the stokes equations显示文摘 | D. N. Arnold F. Brezzi M. Fortin | 1984 | Calcolo1984，，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Mixed finite elements for second order elliptic problems in three variables显示文摘 | Franco Brezzi Jim Douglas Ricardo Durán Michel Fortin | 1987 | Numerische Mathematik1987，，2： | 1 |
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