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| 1 | 评估大气细颗粒物暴露引起的全球疾病负担的一个综合风险函数显示文摘[背景]评估由于环境空气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)长期暴露引起的疾病负担,需要了解相对风险度(RR)函数的图形和幅度。然而,在世界上很多观察到高PM2.5环境浓度的地方,都缺乏足够的直接证据确定死亡RR函数的图形。[目的]建立可用于全球PM2.5暴露范围内成人死因的RR函数:缺血性心脏病(IHD)、脑血管疾病(脑卒中)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)和肺癌(LC)。建立急性下呼吸道感染(ALRI)发病的RR函数,用于估算〈5岁的儿童中死亡率和健康生活损失年数。[方法]通过整合现有的来自于环境空气污染(AAP)、二手烟草烟雾、家用固体烹饪用燃料和主动吸烟(AS)等研究的RR信息,拟合综合暴露-反应(IER)模型。采用颗粒物质的吸入剂量,通过转化AS暴露来估计全年PM2.5的暴露当量。在估算全球环境PM2.5浓度的基础上,得出各国的人群归因分数(PAFs)。[结果]与以往负担评估中使用的其他7种模型相比,IER模型是一种优越的RR预测方法。在不同国家中,归因于AAP暴露的PAF百分数各不相同,分别为:IHD,2~41;脑卒中,1~43;COPD,〈1~21;LC,〈1~25;ALRI,〈1~38。[结论]我们建立了一种以细颗粒物为基础的RR模型,它通过整合来自不同类型的燃烧所产生颗粒物排放的RR信息,涵盖全球范围的暴露。当获得新的RR信息时,可以对这个模型进行更新。 | Richard T.Burnett C.Arden Pope III Majid Ezzati Casey Olives Stephen S.Lim Sumi Mehta Hwashin H.Shin Gitanjali Singh Bryan Hubbell Michael Brauer H.Ross Anderson Kirk R.Smith John R.Balmes Nigel G.Bruce Haidong Kan Francine Laden Annette Prüss-Ustün Michelle C.Turner Susan M.Gapstur W.Ryan Diver Aaron Cohen 何蓉 张伊人 金泰廙 | 2014 | 环境与职业医学2014,31,11: | 80 |
| 2 | 卫星观测在全球细颗粒物浓度长期暴露评估中的应用显示文摘[背景]十余年的卫星观测提供了全球细颗粒物(PM2.5)人群暴露趋势和大小的信息。[目的]利用多个卫星的测量值推断的PM:5浓度,建立和改进大气PM2.5质量和趋势的全球暴露评估。[方法]结合3个卫星反演的PM25源数据,得出1998-2012年10km×10km尺度上全球PM2.5估计值。对每一个源数据,通过GEOS—Chem化学物运输模型把气溶胶光学厚度总柱反演与近地面PM2.5联系起来,以表示当地的气溶胶光学性能和垂直廓线。从文献中收集210个全球基于地面的PM2.5观测值,用北美和欧洲之外其他地区的测量值来评估基于卫星的估计值。[结果]1998--2012年,全球人口加权的大气PM25浓度每年增加0.55gg/m3(95%CI:0.43~0.67)(2.1%/年;95%CI:1.6%-2.6%)。尽管在一些发达地区PM2.5减少,但在一些发展中地区PM2.s的增加推动了这一全球性的变化。在东亚,PMzs水平高于世界卫生组织(WHO)第一个中期目标35μg/m3的人口比例从1998--2000年的51%上升到2010---2012年的70%。相比之下,北美高于WHO空气质量指南10μg/m3的人口比例,从1998--2000年的62%下降到2010---2012年的19%。北美及欧洲以外地区的卫星反演估计值和地面测量值之间存在关联(r=0.81;n=210;斜率=0.68)。卫星反演的估计值偏低,提示真实的全球浓度可能更高。[结论]卫星观测值提供了大气PM2.5浓度的全球性长期变化的新认识。从这项研究中获得的PM2.5的卫星反演估计值和地面观测值可供公众使用。 | Aaron van Donkelaar Randall V.Martin Michael Brauer Brian L.Boys 王晓宇 张伊人 金泰廙 | 2015 | 环境与职业医学2015,32,8: | 80 |
| 3 | Shoot and root traits in drought tolerant maize(Zea mays L.) hybrids显示文摘This study aimed to investigate the differences in shoot and root traits, and water use and water use efficiency(WUE) in drought tolerant(DT) maize(Zea mays L.) hybrids under full and deficit irrigated conditions. A two-year greenhouse study was conducted with four hybrids(one conventional hybrid, 33D53AM, two commercial DT hybrids, P1151 AM, N75H, and an experimental hybrid, Exp HB) grown under two water regimes(I_(100) and I_(50), referring to 100 and 50% of evapotranspiration requirements). Under water stress, the hybids P1151 AM, N75, and Exp HB showed more drought tolerance and had either greater shoot dry weight or less dry weight reduction than the conventional hybrid(33 D53 AM). However, these three hybrids responded to water stress using different mechanisms. Compared with the conventional hybrid, the two commercial DT hybrids(P1151 AM and N75H) had a smaller leaf area, shoot dry weight, and root system per plant. As a result, these hybrids used less water but had a higher WUE compared with the conventional hybrid. In contrast, the experimental hybrid(ExpHB) produced more shoot biomass by silking stage at both irrigation levels than all other hybrids, but it had relatively lower WUE. The hybrids demonstrated different drought response mechanisms that may require different irrigation management strategies. More investigation and validation are needed under field conditions and in different soil types. | ZHAO Jin XUE Qing-wu Kirk E Jessup HOU Xiao-bo HAO Bao-zhen Thomas H Marek XU Wen-wei Steven R Evett Susan A O'Shaughnessy David K Brauer | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018,17,5: | 3 |
| 4 | 卫星观测在全球细颗粒物浓度长期暴露评估中的应用(续完)显示文摘测量仪器、测量方法以及测量位置的差异会制约我们从已公开发表的文献中推导PM2.5浓度的变化趋势,并会影响其与卫星反演值等需要计算地区权重的数据的可比较性。尽管如此,补充材料图S4~S6显示的北京、新德里和科威特三个城市从文献中获取的PM2.5浓度实测值与图5的卫星反演估计值的比较仍然具有重要意义。Hyvarinen等(2010)于2007—2010年对新德里进行研究,数据显示卫星反演的年均PM2.5浓度偏低,可能由冬季卫星观测增加所致。 | Aaron van Donkelaar Randall V.Martin Michael Brauer Brian L.Boys 王晓宇 张伊人 金泰廙 | 2015 | 环境与职业医学2015,32,9: | 3 |
| 5 | Global Estimates of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations from Satellite-Based Aerosol Optical Depth: Development and Application显示文摘 | van Donkelaar Aaron Martin Randall V Brauer Michael Kahn Ralph Levy Robert Verduzco Carolyn Villeneuve Paul J | 2010 | Environmental Health Perspectives2010,,6: | 3 |
| 6 | A characterization of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement显示文摘 | Hass SS Brauer GM Dickson G | 1975 | J Bone Joint Surg1975,57,4: | 3 |
| 7 | A Systematic Review of Medial and Lateral Entry Pinning Versus Lateral Entry Pinning for Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus显示文摘 | Carmen Alisa Brauer Ben Minsuk Lee Donald S. Bae Peter M. Waters Mininder S. Kocher | 2007 | Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics2007,,2: | 2 |
| 8 | Persistent sacral nerve root defects after continuous spinal anesthesia显示文摘 | Schell RM Brauer FS Cole DJ | 1991 | Can J Anaesth1991,38,7: | 1 |
| 9 | New low emissivity coating based on TwinMag sputtered TiO2 and Si3N4 layers显示文摘 | Szczyrbowski J Brauer G Ruske M | 1999 | Thin Solid Films1999,351,: | 1 |
| 10 | Hyperon nucleon interaction and the H dibaryon in the quark cluster model 显示文摘 | STRAUB U ZHANG Z Y BRAUER K | 1990 | Nucl Phys1990,508,: | 1 |
| 11 | The Tennison lip repair revisited显示文摘 | Brauer RO Cronin TD | 1983 | Plast Reconstr Surg1983,71,5: | 1 |
| 12 | Supercritical fluid extraction of lanthanides and actinides from solid materials with a fluorinated β-diketone显示文摘 | LIN Y H BRAUER R D LAINTZ K E | 1993 | Anal Chem1993,65,18: | 1 |
| 13 | Models for diseases with vertical transmission and nonlinear population dynamics显示文摘 | Brauer F | 1995 | Math Bios1995,128,: | 1 |
| 14 | Differential effects of myopathyassociated caveolin -3 mutants on growth factor signaling 显示文摘 | Brauers E Dreier A Roos A | 2010 | Am J Pathol2010,177,1: | 1 |
| 15 | Changes in lumhar movement in people with low hack pain are related to compromised balance显示文摘 | Mok NW Brauer SG Hodges PW | | 0,,01: | 1 |
| 16 | Globai estimates of ambient fine particulate matter concentrations from satellite-based aerosol optical depth: Development and application显示文摘 | VAN DONKELAAR A MARTIN R V BRAUER M | 2010 | Environ Health Perspectives2010,118,6: | 1 |
| 17 | New low emissivity coating based on TwinMag sputtered TiO2 and Si3N4 layers显示文摘 | Szczybowski J Brauer G Ruske M | 1999 | Thin Solid Films1999,351,12: | 1 |
| 18 | Global estimates of ambient fine particulate matter concentrations from satellite-based aerosol optical depth: development and application显示文摘 | DONKELAAR A V MARTIN R V BRAUER M | 2010 | Environment Health Perspectives2010,118,6: | 1 |
| 19 | Modeling semantics of inconsistent qualitative knowledge for quantitative Bayesian network inference显示文摘 | Rui Chang Wilfried Brauer Martin Stetter | 2008 | Neural Networks2008,,21: | 1 |
| 20 | Boerhaave's syndromet analysis of the literature and report of 18 new cases显示文摘 | Brauer R B Liebermann-Meffert D Stein H J | 1997 | Dis Esoph1997,10,: | 1 |