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| 1 | 澜沧江和怒江流域的气候变化及其对径流的影响显示文摘采用VIP(Vegetation Interface Processes)模型和HIMS(Hydro-Informatic Modeling System)模型,模拟分析了1957—2012年澜沧江和怒江流域(简称两江流域)水资源量的演变。根据CMIP5 RCP2.6,RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景预测,模拟了2030年代和2050年代流域水资源的变化。研究发现,过去50年间,两江流域的气温都呈升高趋势,但海拔较高的上游地区升幅大于下游。年总降水量的变化趋势不明显,但春季降水增加趋势明显。两江流域年总水资源量为650亿~850亿m^3,水资源总量长期变化趋势不明显,其中澜沧江的波动性(1.884,最大与最小之比)大于怒江。空间上水资源量呈现北低-南高的格局。在未来,两江流域气温仍呈增加趋势,降水呈增加趋势,径流呈增加趋势,空间变异性趋小,但较强的季节性变化对水资源安全仍具有较大的挑战性。 | 刘苏峡 丁文浩 莫兴国 王盛 刘昌明 罗贤 何大明 Sagar Ratna Bajracharya Arun Bhakta Shrestha Nand Kishor Agrawal | 2017 | 气候变化研究进展2017，13，4： | 17 |
| 2 | Herbal Medicine in Ischemic Stroke:Challenges and Prospective显示文摘Herbal medicines, mainly of plant source, are invaluable source for the discovery of new therapeutic agents for all sorts of human ailments. The complex pathogenesis of stroke and multifactorial effect of herbal medicine and their active constituents may suggest the promising future of natural medicine for stroke treatment. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, neuroprotective and vascular protective effect of herbal medicines are believed to be efficacious in stroke treatment. Herbs typically have fewer reported side effects than allopathic medicine, and may be safer to use over longer period of time. Herbal medicines are believed to be more effective for the longstanding health complaints, such as stroke. Several medicinal plants and their active constituents show the promising results in laboratory research. However failure in transformation of laboratory animal research to the clinical trials has created huge challenge for the use of herbal medicine in stroke. Until and unless scientifically comprehensive evidence of the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine in ischemic stroke patients is available, efforts should be made to continue implementing treatment strategies of proven effectiveness. More consideration should be paid to natural compounds that can have extensive therapeutic time windows, perfect pharmacological targets with few side effects. Herbal medicine has excellent prospective for the treatment of ischemic stroke, but a lot of effort should be invested to transform the success of animal research to human use. | Bhakta Prasad Gaire | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine2018，24，4： | 13 |
| 3 | Scutellaria baicalensis in Stroke Management:Nature's Blessing in Traditional Eastern Medicine显示文摘Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is the most widely used medicinal plant in traditional Eastern medicine,especially in Chinese medicine.The major phytochemicals isolated from S.baicalensis are flavonoids,glycosides and their glucoronides such as baicalin,baicalein,wogonin etc.More than 30 different kinds of flavonoids are isolated from this plant.S.baicalensis and its flavonoids are reported to have several pharmacological activities,which includes anti-allergic,antioxidant,anti apoptic,anti-inflammatory effects and many more.Recently,S.baicalensis and its isolated flavonoids have been studied for their neuroprotective effects,through a variety of in vitro and in vivo models of neurodegenerative diseases,plausibly suggesting that S.baicalensis has salutary effect as a nature's blessing for neuroprotection.In this review,we are focousing on the neuroprotective effects of S.baicalensis and its flavonoids in ischemia or stroke-induced neuronal cell death.We aimed at compiling all the information regarding the neuroprotective effect of S.baicalensis in various experimental models of cerebral ischemia or stroke. | Bhakta Prasad Gaire Sang-Kwan Moon Hocheol Kim | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine2014，20，9： | 8 |
| 4 | Observed changes in surface air temperature and precipitation in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region over the last 100-plus years显示文摘In this paper, we analyzed the long-term changes in temperature and precipitation in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region based on climate datasets LSAT-V1.1 and CGP1.0 recently developed by the China Meteorological Administration. The analysis results show that during 1901e2014 the annual mean surface air temperature over the whole HKH has undergone a significant increasing trend. We determined the change rates in the mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, and mean minimum temperature to be 0.104 C per decade, 0.077 C per decade, and 0.176 C per decade, respectively. Most parts of the HKH have experienced a warming trend, with the largest increase occurring on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and south of Pakistan. The trend of precipitation for the whole HKH is characterized by a slight decrease during 1901e2014. During 1961e2013, however, the trend of the annual precipitation shows a statistically significant increase, with a rate of 5.28% per decade and has a more rapid increase since the mid-1980s. Most parts of northern India and the northern TP have experienced a strong increase in the number of precipitation days (daily rainfall 1 mm), whereas Southwest China and Myanmar have experienced a declining trend in precipitation days. Compared to the trends in precipitation days, the spatial pattern of trends in the precipitation intensity seems to be more closely related to the terrain, and the higher altitude areas have shown more significant upward trends in precipitation intensity during 1961e2013. | REN Yu-Yu REN Guo-Yu SUN Xiu-Bao Arun Bhakta SHRESTHA YOU Qing-Long ZHAN Yun-Jian Rupak RAJBHANDARI ZHANG Pan-Feng WEN Kang-Min | 2017 | Advances in Climate Change Research2017，8，3： | 6 |
| 5 | A review on the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Datura stramonium L.显示文摘Datura stramonium L., a wild-growing plant of the Solanaceae family, is widely distributed and easily accessible. It contains a variety of toxic tropane alkaloids such as atropine, hyoscamine, and scopolamine. In Eastern medicine, especially in Ayurvedic medicine, D. stramonium has been used for curing various human ailments, including ulcers, wounds, inflammation, rheumatism and gout, sciatica, bruises and swellings, fever, asthma and bronchitis, and toothache. A few previous studies have reported on the pharmacological effects of D. stramonium; however, complete information regarding the pharmacology, toxicity, ethnobotany and phytochemistry remains unclear. Ethnomedicinally, the frequent recreational abuse of D. stramonium has resulted in toxic syndromes. D. stramonium, in the form of paste or solution to relieve the local pain, may not have a deleterious effect; however, oral and systemic administration may lead to severe anticholinergic symptoms. For this reason, it is very important for individuals, mainly young people, to be aware of the toxic nature and potential risks associated with the use of this plant. This comprehensive review of D. stramonium includes information on botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and ethnomedicinal uses. | Bhakta Prasad Gaire Lalita Subedi | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2013，11，2： | 5 |
| 6 | Effect of glycine addition on the in-vitro corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy in Hank’s solution显示文摘This study reports on the effect of the addition of Glycine to Hank’s solution on the in-vitro corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium(Mg)alloy at 37℃and a pH of 7.4 studied by using potentiodynamic polarization(PDP),hydrogen collecting techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)in combination with surface characterization techniques such as optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis(XPS).The results reveal that adsorption of glycine initially subdues the dissolution of AZ31 Mg alloy while in long run it enhances the dissolution of the alloy due to the commencement of the chelation effect of glycine with Ca^(2+) released from hydroxyapatite.The chelation of glycine with Ca^(2+) induces the formation of cracks in the surface film which further promotes the dissolution of AZ31 Mg alloy thereby forming a porous corrosion products layer on the surface of the alloy.As a result,both the continuous dissolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy and the hydrogen evolution rate(HER)are enhanced with increasing the immersion time in Hank’s solution. | Durga Bhakta Pokharel Liping Wu Junhua Dong Amar Prasad Yadav Dhruba Babu Subedi Madhusudan Dhakal Lin Zha Xin Mu Aniefiok Joseph Umoh Wei Ke | 2021 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2021，，22： | 4 |
| 7 | An overview of studies of observed climate change in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region显示文摘The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH hereafter) region is characterized by mountainous environments and a variety of regional climatic conditions. High-altitude regions in the HKH have the recent warming amplifications, especially during the global warming hiatus period. The rapid warming cause solid state water (snow, ice, glacier, and permafrost) to shrink, leading to increase in meltwater and there have been found more frequent incidences of flash floods, landslides, livestock diseases, and other disasters in the HKH region. Increasing awareness of climate change over the HKH region is reached a consensus. Meanwhile, the HKH region is often referred to as the water towers of Asia as many highaltitude regions store its water in the form of snow and/or glacier, feeding ten major large rivers in Asia. Therefore, the impacts of climate change on water availability in these river basins have huge influences on the livelihood of large number of population, especially in downstream regions. However, the scarcity of basic hydro-meteorological observations particularly in high-altitude regions of HKH limits rigorous analysis of climate change. Most studies used reanalysis data and/or model-reconstructed products to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of hydro-meteorological processes, especially for extreme events. In this study, we review recent climate change in the HKH region, and the scientific challenges and research recommendations are suggested for this high-altitude area. | YOU Qing-Long REN Guo-Yu ZHANG Yu-Qing REN Yu-Yu SUN Xiu-Bao ZHAN Yun-Jian Arun Bhakta SHRESTHA Raghavan KRISHNAN | 2017 | Advances in Climate Change Research2017，8，3： | 3 |
| 8 | Downscaled climate change projections for the Hindu Kush Himalayan region using CORDEX South Asia regional climate models显示文摘This study assessed the regional climate models (RCMs) employed in the Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) South Asia framework to investigate the qualitative aspects of future change in seasonal mean near surface air temperature and precipitation over the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. These RCMs downscaled a subset of atmosphere ocean coupled global climate models (AOGCMs) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) to higher 50 km spatial resolution over a large domain covering South Asia for two representation concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) future scenarios. The analysis specifically examined and evaluated multi-model and multi-scenario climate change projections over the hilly sub-regions within HKH for the near-future (2036e2065) and far-future (2066e2095) periods. The downscaled multi-RCMs provide relatively better confidence than their driving AOGCMs in projecting the magnitude of seasonal warming for the hilly sub-region within the Karakoram and northwestern Himalaya, with higher projected change of 5.4 C during winter than of 4.9 C during summer monsoon season by the end of 21st century under the high-end emissions (RCP8.5) scenario. There is less agreement among these RCMs on the magnitude of the projected warming over the other sub-regions within HKH for both seasons, particularly associated with higher RCM uncertainty for the hilly sub-region within the central Himalaya. The downscaled multi-RCMs show good consensus and low RCM uncertainty in projecting that the summer monsoon precipitation will intensify by about 22% in the hilly subregion within the southeastern Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau for the far-future period under the RCP8.5 scenario. There is low confidence in the projected changes in the summer monsoon and winter season precipitation over the central Himalaya and in the Karakoram and northwestern Himalaya due to poor consensus and moderate to high RCM uncertainty among the downscaled multi-RCMs. Finally, the RCM related uncertainty is found to be large for the projected changes in seasonal temperature and precipitation over the hilly sub-regions within HKH by the end of this century, suggesting that improving the regional processes and feedbacks in RCMs are essential for narrowing the uncertainty, and for providing more reliable regional climate change projections suitable for impact assessments in HKH region. | Jayanarayanan SANJAY Raghavan KRISHNAN Arun Bhakta SHRESTHA Rupak RAJBHANDARI REN Guo-Yu | 2017 | Advances in Climate Change Research2017，8，3： | 3 |
| 9 | Identification of arylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitors as an approach towards novel anti-tuberculars显示文摘New anti-tubercular drugs and drug targets are urgently needed to reduce the time for treatment and also to identify agents that will be effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis persisting intracellularly.Mycobacteria have a unique cell wall.Deletion of the gene for arylamine N-acetyltransferase(NAT)decreases mycobacterial cell wall lipids,particularly the distinctive mycolates,and also increases antibiotic susceptibility and killing within macrophage of Mycobacterium bovis BCG.The nat gene and its associated gene cluster are almost identical in sequence in M.bovis BCG and M.tuberculosis.The gene cluster is essential for intracellular survival of mycobacteria.We have therefore used pure NAT protein for high-throughput screening to identify several classes of small molecules that inhibit NAT activity.Here,we characterize one class of such molecules—triazoles—in relation to its effects on the target enzyme and on both M.bovis BCG and M.tuberculosis.The most potent triazole mimics the effects of deletion of the nat gene on growth,lipid disruption and intracellular survival.We also present the structure-activity relationship between NAT inhibition and effects on mycobacterial growth,and use ligand-protein analysis to give further insight into the structure-activity relationships.We conclude that screening a chemical library with NAT protein yields compounds that have high potential as anti-tubercular agents and that the inhibitors will allow further exploration of the biochemical pathway in which NAT is involved. | Isaac M.Westwood Sanjib Bhakta Angela J.Russell Elizabeth Fullam Matthew C.Anderton Akane Kawamura Andrew W.Mulvaney Richard J.Vickers Veemal Bhowruth Gurdyal S.Besra Ajit Lalvani Stephen G.Davies Edith Sim | 2010 | Protein & Cell2010，1，1： | 3 |
| 10 | Predictions of future hydrological conditions and contribution of snow and ice melt in total discharge of Shigar River Basin in Central Karakoram,Pakistan显示文摘The high mountains of Hindu-Kush Karakoram and Himalaya(HKKH) contain a large volume of snow and ice, which are the primary sources of water for the entire mountainous population of HKKH. Thus, knowledge of these available resources is very important in relation to their sustainable use. A Modified Positive Degree Day Model was used to simulate daily discharge with the contribution of snow and ice melt from the Shigar River Basin, Central Karakoram, Pakistan. The basin covers an area of 6,921 km2 with an elevation range of 2,204 to 8,611 m a.s.l.. Forty percent of the total area is glaciated among which 20% is covered by debris and remaining 80% by clean ice and permanent snow. To simulate daily discharge, the entire basin was divided into 26 altitude belts. Remotely sensed land cover types are derived by classifying Landsat images of 2009. Daily temperature and precipitation from Skardu meteorological station is used to calibrate the glacio-hydrological model as an input variable after correlating data with the Shigar station data(r=0.88). Local temperature lapse rate of 0.0075 °C/m is used. 2 °C critical temperature is used to separate rain and snow from precipitation. The model is calibrated for 1988~1991 and validated for 1992~1997. The model shows a good Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and volume difference in calibration(0.86% and 0.90%) and validation(0.78% and 6.85%). Contribution of snow and ice melt in discharge is 32.37% in calibration period and 33.01% is validation period. The model is also used to predict future hydrological regime up to 2099 by using CORDEX South Asia RCM considering RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios.Predicted future snow and ice melt contributions in both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are 36% and 37%, respectively. Temperature seems to be more sensitive as compared to other input variables, which is why the contribution of snow and ice in discharge varies significantly throughout the whole century. | Javed Hassan Rijan Bhakta Kayastha Ahuti Shrestha Iram Bano Sayed Hammad Ali Haleem Zaman Magsi | 2017 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2017，9，6： | 3 |
| 11 | Effect of applied potential on the microstructure, composition and corrosion resistance evolution of fluoride conversion film on AZ31 magnesium alloy显示文摘AZ31 magnesium(Mg) alloy was potentiostatic polarized in 0.1 M deaerated KF solution with pH 7.5 from-0.4 V to-1.4 V with an interval of-0.2 V. The polarization process was described by the potentiostatic current decay. The resultant film was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results demonstrated that the deposited film included a Mg(OH)_2/MgF_2 containing inner layer and a Mg(OH)-2/MgF_2/KMgF_3 comprising outer layer. The high polarized potential produced high content of MgF_2 but low content of KMgF_3 and thin film. Conversely, the low polarized potential produced small content of MgF_2 but high content of KMgF_3 and thick film. The optimal corrosion resistance of the deposited film was obtained at-1.4 V, which was closely related with the content of MgF_2 and KMgF_3 and the film thickness. | Liping Wu Changgang Wang Durga Bhakta Pokharel Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim Lin Zhao Junhua Dong Wei Ke Nan Chen | 2018 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2018，34，11： | 3 |
| 12 | Upstream-downstream linkages of hydrological processes in the Himalayan region显示文摘Understanding the upstream-downstream linkages in hydrological processes is essential for water resources planning in river basins.Although there are many studies of individual aspects of these processes in the Himalayan region,studies along the length of the basins are limited.This study summarizes the present state of knowledge about linkages in hydrological processes between upstream and downstream areas of river basins in the Himalayan region based on a literature review.The paper studies the linkages between the changes in the physical environment of upstream areas(land use,snow storage,and soil erosion)and of climate change on the downstream water availability,flood and dry season flow,and erosion and sedimentation.It is argued that these linkages are complex due to the extreme altitudinal range associated with the young and fragile geology,extreme seasonal and spatial variation in rainfall,and diversity of anthropogenic processes.Based on the findings,the paper concludes that integrated systems analysis is required to understand the holistic complexity of upstream-downstream linkages of hydrological processes in the river basin context.The integrated land and water resources management(ILWRM)approach can be instrumental in developing adaptive solutions to problems and can also enable stakeholders of upstream and downstream areas with various interests and needs to work together for the better utilization and management of land and water resources.As a part of this,the specific circumstances of the upstream communities,who live in fragile and inaccessible mountain areas with limited resource opportunities,should be taken into account so that incentive mechanisms can be established to encourage and acknowledge their contribution. | Santosh Nepal Wolfgang-Albert Flugel Arun Bhakta Shrestha | 2014 | Ecological Processes2014，3，1： | 3 |
| 13 | Neuroprotective effects of Fructus Chebulae extracts on experimental models of cerebral ischemia显示文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Fructus Chebulae extract using both in vivo and invitromodels of cerebral ischemia.METHODS:As an in vitro model,oxygen glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation(OGD-R)and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)induced cellular damage in rat pheochromocytoma(PC12)cells was used to investigate the neuroprotective effects of extract of Fructus Chebulae.3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to calculate cell survival.For in vivo,occlusion of left middle cerebral artery on rats was carried out as a focal cerebral ischemic model.RESULTS:Fructus Chebulae extract increases the PC12 cell survival against OGD-R and H2O2by 68%and 91.4%respectively.Fructus Chebulae also de-creases the cerebral infarct volume by 39%and extent of hemisphere swelling from 17%in control group to 10%in FructusChebulaetreated group.CONCLUSION:Fructus Chebulae,as a traditional medicine,can rescue the neuronal cell death against ischemia related damage.The possible mechanism for the neuroprotection might be the inhibition of oxidative damages occurring after acute phase of cerebral ischemia. | Bhakta Prasad Gaire Hocheol Kim | 2014 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2014，34，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Gastrointestinal stromal tumors:clinical profile,pathogenesis,treatment strategies and prognosis显示文摘 | Nowain A BhAkta H Pais S | 2005 | J Gastroenterol Hepatol2005，20，6： | 1 |
| 15 | DVT and pulmonary embolism after acute infection 显示文摘 | Neumann V O'Connor R J Bhakta BB | 2006 | Lancet2006，368，9531： | 1 |
| 16 | Drug insight: vascular disrupting agents and angiogenesis-novel approaches for drug delivery显示文摘 | Cooney MM Van heeckeren W Bhakta S | 2006 | Nat Clin Pract Oncol2006，3，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Case report and miniliterature review: anesthetic management for severe peripartum cardiomyopa- thy complicated with preeclampsia using sufetanil in combined spi- nal epidural anesthesia 显示文摘 | Bhakta P Mishra P Bakshi A | 2011 | Yonsei Med J2011，52，1： | 1 |
| 18 | A micmRNA upregulated in asthma airway T cells promotes TH2 cytokine production显示文摘 | Simpson L J Patel S Bhakta N R | 2014 | Nat Immunol2014，15，12： | 1 |
| 19 | The safety of autologous intracoronary stem cell injections in a porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia显示文摘 | Bhakta S Greco NJ Finney MR | 2006 | J Invasive Cardiol2006，18，5： | 1 |
| 20 | The surface adhesion molecule CXCR4stimulates mesenchymal stem cell migration to stromal cell-derivedfactor-1 in vitro but does not decrease apoptosis under serum deprivation显示文摘 | Bhakta S Hong P Koc 0 | 2006 | Cardiovasc Revasc Med2006，7，1： | 1 |
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