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| 1 | Novel insight into mechanisms of cholestatic liver injury显示文摘Cholestasis results in a buildup of bile acids in serum and in hepatocytes.Early studies into the mechanisms of cholestatic liver injury strongly implicated bile acidinduced apoptosis as the major cause of hepatocellular injury.Recent work has focused both on the role of bile acids in cell signaling as well as the role of sterile inflammation in the pathophysiology.Advances in modern analytical methodology have allowed for more accurate measuring of bile acid concentrations in serum,liver,and bile to very low levels of detection.Interestingly,toxic bile acid levels are seemingly far lower than previously hypothesized.The initial hypothesis has been based largely upon the exposure of μmol/L concentrations of toxic bile acids and bile salts to primary hepatocytes in cell culture,the possibility that in vivo bile acid concentrations may be far lower than the observed in vitro toxicity has far reaching implications in the mechanism of injury.This review will focus on both how different bile acids and different bile acid concentrations can affect hepatocytes during cholestasis,and additionally provide insight into how these data support recent hypotheses that cholestatic liver injury may not occur through direct bile acid-induced apoptosis,but may involve largely inflammatory cell-mediated liver cell necrosis. | Benjamin L Woolbright Hartmut Jaeschke | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，36： | 21 |
| 2 | Endocrine radionuclide scintigraphy with fusion single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography显示文摘AIM: To review the benefits of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)/computed tomography(CT) hybrid imaging for diagnosis of various endocrine disorders.METHODS: We performed MEDLINE and Pub Med searches using the terms: 'SPECT/CT'; 'functional anatomic mapping'; 'transmission emission tomography'; 'parathyroid adenoma'; 'thyroid cancer'; 'neuroendocrine tumor'; 'adrenal'; 'pheochromocytoma'; 'paraganglioma'; in order to identify relevant articles published in English during the years 2003 to 2015. Reference lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent articles. Retrieved manuscripts(case reports, reviews, meta-analyses and abstracts) concerning the application of SPECT/CT to endocrine imaging were analyzed to provide a descriptive synthesis of the utility of this technology.RESULTS: The emergence of hybrid SPECT/CT camera technology now allows simultaneous acquisition of combined multi-modality imaging, with seamless fusion of three-dimensional volume datasets. The usefulness of combining functional information to depict the biodistribution of radiotracers that map cellular processes of the endocrine system and tumors of endocrine origin, with anatomy derived from CT, has improved the diagnostic capability of scintigraphy for a range of disorders of endocrine gland function. The literature describes benefits of SPECT/CT for ^(99m)Tc-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy and ^(99m)Tc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy, ^(123)I- or ^(131)I-radioiodine for staging of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, ^(111)In- and ^(99m)Tclabeled somatostatin receptor analogues for detection of neuroendocrine tumors, ^(131)I-norcholesterol(NP-59) scans for assessment of adrenal cortical hyperfunction, and ^(123)I- or ^(131)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging for evaluation of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.CONCLUSION: SPECT/CT exploits the synergism between the functional information from radiopharmaceutical imaging and anatomy from CT, translating to improved diagnostic accuracy and meaningful impact on patient care. | Ka-Kit Wong Arpit Gandhi Benjamin L Viglianti Lorraine M Fig Domenico Rubello Milton D Gross | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，6： | 3 |
| 3 | Evaluation of C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker, and infectious serology as risk factors for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Jeffrey L Anderson John F Carlquist Joseph B Muhlestein Benjamin D Horne Sidney P Elmer | 1998 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology1998，，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Conduit necrosis following esophagectomy: An up-to-date literature review显示文摘Esophageal conduit ischaemia and necrosis is an uncommon but devastating complication of esophagectomy and remains one of the most challenging issues in surgical practice. The incidence, time interval to develop symptoms, and clinical presentation are highly variable with no predictable pattern. Evidence comes from case reports and case series rather than randomized controlled trials.We describe the issues surrounding conduit necrosis affecting the stomach,jejunum and colon as an esophageal replacement and the advantages,disadvantages and challenges of each type of reconstruction. Diagnosis is challenging for the most experienced surgeon. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and computed tomography thorax with both oral and intravenous contrast is the gold standard. Management, either conservative or interventional is also a difficult decision. Management options include conservative treatment and more aggressive treatments such as stent insertion, surgical debridement and repair of the esophagus using jejunum, colon or a musculocutaneous flap. In spite of recent advances in surgical techniques, there is no reliable strategy to manage esophageal conduit necrosis. Our review covers the pathophysiology and clinical significance of esophageal necrosis while highlighting current techniques of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening condition. | Antonios Athanasiou Mairead Hennessy Eleftherios Spartalis Benjamin H L Tan Ewen A Griffiths | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2019，11，3： | 2 |
| 5 | Effects of flavonoids on the release of reactive oxygen species by stimulated human neutrophils显示文摘 | Benjamin Limasset Christian L E Doucen Jean Christophe Dore | 1993 | Biochemical Pharmacology1993，46，7： | 2 |
| 6 | Pentoxifylline treatment and penile calcifications in men Nith Peyronie's disease显示文摘 | James F Smith Alan W Shindel Yun-Ching Huang Raul I Clavijo Lawrence Flechner Benjamin N Breyer Michael L Eisenberg Tom F Lue | 2011 | Asian Journal of Andrology2011，13，2： | 2 |
| 7 | A practical,efficient,and atom economic alternative to the Wittig and Horner-Wads worth-Emmons reactions for the synthesis of(E)-α,,β-unsaturated esters from aldehydes显示文摘 | Benjamin L ist Arno Doehring Maria T | 2006 | Tetrahedron2006，62，： | 1 |
| 8 | Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association显示文摘 | GRUNDY S M BENJAMIN I J BURKE G L | 1999 | Circulation1999，100，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Observation of a Negative Electron Affinity for Boron Nitride显示文摘 | Powers M J Benjamin M C Porter L M | 1995 | Appl Phys Left1995，67，39： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of landscape corridors on seed dispersal by birds显示文摘 | DOUGLAS J L BENJAMIN M B JOSHUA J T | 2006 | Science2006，309，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced-stage serous ovarian carcinoma of low malignant potential显示文摘 | Barakat RR Benjamin I Lewis L | 1995 | Gynecol Oncol1995，59，3： | 1 |
| 12 | The Evolution of Income Inequality in Rural China 显示文摘 | Benjamin D Brandt L Giles J | 2005 | Economic Development and Cultural Change2005，53，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Measuring the efectiveness of cataract surgery:the reliability and validity of a visual function outcomes instrument显示文摘 | Lawrence D Brogan C Benjamin L | 1999 | Br J Ophthalmol1999，83，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Gold-coated iron nanoparticles:a novel magnetic resonance agent for T1 and T2 weighted imaging显示文摘 | SUNG J C BENJAMIN R J ANGELIQUE Y L | 2006 | Nanotechnology2006，17，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Cross-correlation of optical micrecavity biosensor response with immobilized enzyme activity显示文摘 | Lisa A Delouise Peng Meng Kou Benjamin L Miller | 2005 | Anal Chem2005，77，： | 1 |
| 16 | Markets and Inequality in Rural China显示文摘 | Benjamin D Brandt L | 1999 | Parallels with the Past American Economic Review1999，89，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Democratizing the Neighbourhood? New Private Housing and Home-Owner Self-Organization in Urban China 显示文摘 | Read Benjamin L | 2003 | The China Journal2003，49，： | 1 |
| 18 | Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women 2011 up- date: a guideline from the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Mosca L Benjamin EJ Berra K | 2011 | J Am Coll Cardiol2011，57，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health显示文摘Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases.It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal,tissue,cellular,and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions.Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health,including the integrity of barriers,containment of local perturbations,recycling and turnover,integration of circuitries,rhythmic oscillations,homeostatic resilience,hormetic regulation,as well as repair and regeneration.Furthermore,we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise.This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions.We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life. | Yan Qiu Benjamin Fernández-García H.Immo Lehmann Guoping Li Guido Kroemer Carlos López-Otín Junjie Xiao | 2023 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2023，12，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Medication adherence in pediatric and adolescent liver transplant recipients显示文摘 | Eyal S Benjamin L Jill K | 2004 | Pediatrics2004，113，4： | 1 |
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