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| 1 | Potential risk factors for constipation in the community显示文摘Constipation is a common community health problem.There are many factors that are widely thought to be associated with constipation but real-world evidence of these associations is difficult to locate.These potential risk factors may be categorised as demographic,lifestyle and health-related factors.This review presents the available evidence for each factor by an assessment of quantitative data from cross-sectional studies of community-dwelling adults published over the last 30 years.It appears that there is evidence of an association between constipation and female gender,residential location,physical activity and some health-related factors such as self-rated health,some surgery,certain medical conditions and certain medications.The available evidence for most other factors is either conflicting or insufficient.Therefore,further research is necessary to determine if each factor is truly associated with constipation and whether it can be regarded as a potential risk factor.It is recommended that studies investigating a broad range of factors are conducted in populations in community settings.Multivariate analyses should be performed to account for all possible confounding factors.In this way,valuable evidence can be accumulated for a better understanding of potential risk factors for constipation in the community. | Barry L Werth Sybele-Anne Christopher | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，21： | 6 |
| 2 | 氟喹诺酮类药物的体外抗菌活性显示文摘萘啶酸于1962年合成,1964年用于临床治疗尿路感染。因其抗菌作用有限,加上不同个体口服后血药浓度变异明显,因此未用于其他部位的感染。虽然病人尿液中的萘啶酸浓度远远高于抑制大多数尿路感染病原体所属的水平,但治疗过程中会发生选择性耐药突变,这样使许多临床医生选用就受到限制。萘啶酸是萘啶类药物的第一个品种。萘啶分子上的氮被置换后,在8位上加一个碳原子而产生了喹诺酮类药物,恶啶酸是第一个品种。简而言之,萘啶类与喹诺酮类常归诸为喹诺酮类药物。氟喹诺酮类的出现显示出开发喹诺酮类抗菌药的一个显著进展。氟喹诺酮类具有喹诺酮类药物的基本结构,但在6位上连接了氟原子。 | Barry A L 张永信 | 1989 | 国外医药(抗生素分册)1989，10，6： | 5 |
| 3 | Nephropathy in dietary hyperoxaluria:A potentially preventable acute or chronic kidney disease显示文摘Hyperoxaluria can cause not only nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis,but also renal parenchymal disease histologically characterized by deposition of calcium oxalate crystals throughout the renal parenchyma,profound tubular damage and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis.Hyperoxaluric nephropathy presents clinically as acute or chronic renal failure that may progress to endstage renal disease(ESRD).This sequence of events,well recognized in the past in primary and enteric hyperoxalurias,has also been documented in a few cases of dietary hyperoxaluria.Estimates of oxalate intake in patients with chronic dietary hyperoxaluria who developed chronic kidney disease or ESRD were comparable to the reported average oxalate content of the diets of certain populations worldwide,thus raising the question whether dietary hyperoxaluria is a primary cause of ESRD in these regions.Studies addressing this question have the potential of improving population health and should be undertaken,alongside ongoing studies which are yielding fresh insights into the mechanisms of intestinal absorption and renal excretion of oxalate,and into the mechanisms of development of oxalate-induced renal parenchymal disease.Novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for treating all types of hyperoxaluria are expected to develop from these studies. | Robert H Glew Yijuan Sun Bruce L Horowitz Konstantin N Konstantinov Marc Barry Joanna R Fair Larry Massie Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2014 | World Journal of Nephrology2014，3，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Macrophage secretory products induce an inflammatory phenotype in hepatocytes显示文摘AIM:To investigate the influence of macrophages on hepatocyte phenotype and function.METHODS:Macrophages were differentiated from THP-1 monocytes via phorbol myristate acetate stimulation and the effects of monocyte or macrophageconditioned medium on HepG2 mRNA and protein expression determined.The in vivo relevance of these findings was confirmed using liver biopsies from 147 patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection.RESULTS:Conditioned media from macrophages,but not monocytes,induced a transient morphological change in hepatocytes associated with upregulation of vimentin(7.8±2.5-fold,P=0.045)and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1(2.6±0.2-fold,P<0.001)and downregulation of epithelial cadherin(1.7±0.02-fold,P=0.017)mRNA expression.Microarray analysis revealed significant upregulation of lipocalin-2(17-fold,P <0.001)and pathways associated with inflammation,and substantial downregulation of pathways related to hepatocyte function.In patients with chronic HCV,realtime polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry confirmed an increase in lipocalin-2 mRNA(F0 1.0 ±0.3,F1 2.2±0.2,F2 3.0±9.3,F3/4 4.0±0.8,P= 0.003)and protein expression(F1 1.0±0.5,F2 1.3± 0.4,F3/4 3.6±0.4,P=0.014)with increasing liver injury.High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 in macrophageconditioned medium,and a chemical inhibitor of MMP-9 attenuated the change in morphology and mRNA expression of TGF-β1(2.9±0.2 vs 1.04±0.1,P<0.001) in macrophage-conditioned media treated HepG2 cells.In patients with chronic HCV infection,hepatic mRNA expression of CD163(F0 1.0±0.2,F1/2 2.8±0.3,F3/4 5.3±1.0,P=0.001)and MMP-9(F0 1.0±0.4,F1/2 2.8±0.3,F3/4 4.1±0.8,P=0.011)was significantly associated with increasing stage of fibrosis.CONCLUSION:Secreted macrophage products alter the phenotype and function of hepatocytes,with increased expression of inflammatory mediators,suggesting that hepatocytes actively participate in liver injury. | Michelle Melino Victoria L Gadd Gene V Walker Richard Skoien Helen D Barrie Dinesh Jothimani Leigh Horsfall Alun Jones Matthew J Sweet Gethin P Thomas Andrew D Clouston Julie R Jonsson Elizabeth E Powell | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，15： | 3 |
| 5 | DNA damage induced by chronic inflammation contributes to colon carcinogenesis in mice显示文摘 | Meira Lisiane B Bugni James M Green Stephanie L Lee Chung-Wei Pang Bo Borenshtein Diana Rickman Barry H Rogers Arlin B Moroski-Erkul Catherine A McFaline Jose L Schauer David B Dedon Peter C Fox James G Samson Leona D | 2008 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2008，，7： | 2 |
| 6 | Bacteriostatic activity of fluoro-analogues of 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-thiazole,a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of thiamine显示文摘 | Gordon L Barry V L | 1980 | J Chem Soc Ⅰ1980，10，3： | 2 |
| 7 | Preparation and evaluation of potassium ferrate as an oxidant and coagulant for potable water treatment 显示文摘 | JIANG J Q BARRY L LUMINITA Q | 2001 | Environ Eng Sci2001，18，5： | 2 |
| 8 | Dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation of diene monoepoxides: a practical asymmetric synthesis of vinylglycinol, vigabatrin, and ethambutol 显示文摘 | Richard C B Remy C L | 2000 | J Am Chem Soc2000，122，： | 1 |
| 9 | Accleratecl cheese ripening with food grade proteinase显示文摘 | BARRY A L ANNE W | 1982 | Journal of Dairy Research1982，49，： | 1 |
| 10 | Deciphering the biology of My cobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence 显示文摘 | Cole S T Brosch R Parkhill J Gamier T Churcher C Harris D Gordon S V Eiglmeier K Gas S Barry C E Tekaia F Badcock K Basham D Brown D Chillingworth T Cormor R Davies R Devlin K FeltweU T Gentles S Hamlin N Holroyd S Hornsby T Jagels K Kroghs A McLean J Moule S Murphy L Oliver K Osborne J Quail M A Rafandream M A Rogers J Rutter S Seeger K Skelton J Squaraes R Squares S Sulston J E Taylo K Whitehead S Barrell B G | 1998 | Nature1998，393，： | 1 |
| 11 | Application ofcomputed global radiation for areas of high relief 显示文摘 | Williams L D Barry R G Andrews J T | 1972 | Journal of Applied Meteorology1972，，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Ownership structure and risk in publicly held and privately owned banks 显示文摘 | Barry TA Lepetit L Tarazi A | 2011 | Journal of Banking and Finance2011，35，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Lead 206/207 isotope ratios in the atmosphere of North America as traces of US and Canadian emissions 显示文摘 | Sturges W T Barrie L A | 1987 | Nature1987，329，6135： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of high rearing densities and loading rateson the growth and stress responses of juvenile rainbow trout显示文摘 | Procarione L S Barry T P Maltson J A | 1999 | N Am Aquaculture1999，61，2： | 1 |
| 15 | All optical network consortium-ultrafast TDM network 显示文摘 | BARRY R A CHAN V W S HALL K L | 1996 | IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications1996，14，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Lead 206/207 isotope ration in the atmosphere of North America as trace and Canadian emissions 显示文摘 | Sturges W T Barrie L A | 1987 | Nature1987，329，6135： | 1 |
| 17 | Luminescence of divalent europium in alkaline earth orthosilicates显示文摘 | Barry T L | 1968 | Journal of the Electrochemical Society1968，115，3： | 1 |
| 18 | How long can a hydrothermal system be sustained by a single intrusive event'? 显示文摘 | Cathles L M Erendi A H J Barrie T | 1997 | Economic Geology1997，92，： | 1 |
| 19 | Use of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) rhesus macaques to better model oral pediatric cytomegalovirus infection显示文摘 | Strelow L Barry PA Abel K | 2012 | J Med Primatol2012，41，3： | 1 |
| 20 | A comparison of a dispos-able skin stapler and nylon sutures for wound closure显示文摘 | Meiring L Cilliers K Barry R Nel CJ | | 0，，： | 1 |
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