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| 1 | Effects of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin and tillage practices on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emission from a maize field in Iran显示文摘Nitrification inhibitors can effectively decrease nitrification rates and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission while increasing crop yield under certain conditions.However,there is no information available on the effects of nitrification inhibitors and tillage practices on N_(2)O emissions from maize cropping in Iran.To study how tillage practices and nitrapyrin(a nitrification inhibitor)affect N_(2)O emission,a split factorial experiment using a completely randomized block design with three replications was carried out in Northeast Iran,which has a cold semiarid climate.Two main plots were created with conventional tillage and minimum tillage levels,and two nitrogen(N)fertilizer(urea)management systems(with and without nitrapyrin application)were created as subplots.Tillage level did not have any significant effect on soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))concentrations,cumulative amount and yield-scaled N_(2)O emission,and aboveground biomass of maize,whereas nitrapyrin application showed significant effect.Nitrapyrin application significantly reduced the cumulative amount of N_(2)O emission by 41%and 32%in conventional tillage and minimum tillage practices,respectively.A reduction in soil NO_(3)^(-)concentration by nitrapyrin was also observed.The average yield-scaled N_(2)O emission was 13.6 g N_(2)O-N kg^(-1)N uptake in both tillage systems without nitrapyrin application and was significantly reduced to 7.9 and 8.2 g N_(2)O-N kg^(-1)N uptake upon the application of nitrapyrin in minimum tillage and conventional tillage practices,respectively.Additionally,nitrapyrin application increased maize biomass yield by 4%and 13%in the minimum tillage and conventional tillage systems,respectively.Our results indicate that nitrapyrin has a potential role in reducing N_(2)O emission from agricultural systems where urea fertilizers are broadcasted,which is common in Iran due to the practice of traditional farming. | Azam BORZOUEI Ulo MANDER Alar TEEMUSK Alberto SANZ-COBENA Mohammad ZAMAN Dong-Gill KIM Christoph MÜLLER Ali Askary KELESTANIE Parvaneh SAYYAD AMIN Ebrahim MOGHISEH Khadim DAWAR Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-CASTILLO | 2021 | Pedosphere2021，31，2： | 4 |
| 2 | Effects of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin and the plant growth regulator gibberellic acid on yield-scale nitrous oxide emission in maize fields under hot climatic conditions显示文摘Nitrification inhibitors are widely used in agriculture to mitigate nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission and increase crop yield.However,no concrete information on their mitigation of N_(2)O emission is available under soil and environmental conditions as in Pakistan.A field experiment was established using a silt clay loam soil from Peshawar,Pakistan,to study the effect of urea applied in combination with a nitrification inhibitor,nitrapyrin(2-chloro-6-tri-chloromethyl pyridine),and/or a plant growth regulator,gibberellic acid(GA_3),on N_(2)O emission and the nitrogen(N)uptake efficiency of maize.The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five treatments in four replicates:control with no N(CK),urea(200 kg N ha^(-1))alone,urea in combination with nitrapyrin(700 g ha^(-1)),urea in combination with GA_3(60 g ha^(-1)),and urea in combination with nitrapyrin and GA_3.The N_(2)O emission,yield,N response efficiency,and total N uptake were measured during the experimental period.The treatment with urea and nitrapyrin reduced total N_(2)O emission by 39%–43%and decreased yield-scaled N_(2)O emission by 47%–52%,relative to the treatment with urea alone.The maize plant biomass,grain yield,and total N uptake increased significantly by 23%,17%,and 15%,respectively,in the treatment with urea and nitrapyrin,relative to the treatment with urea alone,which was possibly due to N saving,lower N loss,and increased N uptake in the form of ammonium;they were further enhanced in the treatment with urea,nitrapyrin,and GA_3 by 27%,36%,and 25%,respectively,probably because of the stimulating effect of GA_3 on plant growth and development and the reduction in biotic and abiotic stresses.These results suggest that applying urea in combination with nitrapyrin and GA_3 has the potential to mitigate N_(2)O emission,improve N response efficiency,and increase maize yield. | Khadim DAWAR Kamil SARDAR Mohammad ZAMAN Christoph MÜLLER Alberto SANZ-COBENA Aamir KHAN Azam BORZOUEI Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-CASTILLO | 2021 | Pedosphere2021，31，2： | 2 |
| 3 | A complex of the IL-1 homo-logue IL-lF7b and IL-18-binding protein reduces IL-18 activity显示文摘 | Bufler P Azam T Gamboni-Robertson F Reznikov LL Ku-mar S Dinarello CA Kim SH | 2002 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2002，99，13： | 1 |
| 4 | The antitumor histone deacety-lase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid exhibits anti-in-flammatory properties via suppression of cytokines显示文摘 | Leoni F Zaliani A Bertolini G Porro G Pagani P Pozzi P Dona G Fossati G Sozzani S* Azam T Bufler P Fantuzzi G Goncharov I Kim SH Pomerantz BJ Reznikov LL SiegmundB Dinarello CA Mascagni P | 2002 | ProcNatl Acad Sci USA2002，99，： | 1 |
| 5 | A complex of the IL-1 homologue IL-1F7b duces IL-18 activity显示文摘 | Buffer P Azam T Gamboni Robertson F | | Proc0，，13： | 1 |
| 6 | Some Common Fixed Point Results in Cone Metric Spaces显示文摘 | ARSHAD M AZAM A VETRO P | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Migrants,remittances and the household in Africa:A review of evidence显示文摘 | Azam J P Gubert F | 2006 | Journal of African Economies2006，15，2： | 1 |
| 8 | The microbial loop显示文摘 | Pomeroy LR Williams P J Azam F | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 9 | A complex of the 1L-1 homologue IL-1FTb and IL-18-binding protein reduces IL-18 activity 显示文摘 | Buffer P Azam T Gamboni-Robertson F | 2002 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2002，99，13： | 1 |
| 10 | Interleukin-1 homologues IL-lF7b and IL-18 containfunctional mRNA instability elements within the coding re-gion responsive to lipopolysaccharide显示文摘 | Bufler P Gamboni-Robertson F Azam T Kim SH Dinarel-lo CA | 2004 | Biochem J2004，381，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Photosynthesis, respiration, and carbon turnover in sinking marine snow from surface waters of Southern California Bight:Implications for the carbon cycle in the ocean显示文摘 | PLOUG H GROSSART H P AZAM F | 1999 | Mar Ecol Prog Ser1999，179，： | 1 |
| 12 | alpha-Conotoxin BuIAJ-TSA; P60]: a novel ligand that discriminates be- tween alpha6ss4 and alpha6ss2 nicotinic acetyleholine re- ceptors and blocks nicotine-stimulated norepinephrine re- lease 显示文摘 | Azam L Maskos U Changeux J P | 2010 | FASEBJ2010，24，： | 1 |
| 13 | Alignment of the hindfoot following total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review显示文摘BACKGROUND There appears to be a close relationship between deformities at the knee joint and at the hindfoot in patients with knee osteoarthritis(OA).Despite this intrinsic link,there is a dearth of studies investigating alterations in hindfoot alignment following total knee arthroplasty(TKA)in patients with knee OA.AIM To evaluate changes in alignment of the hindfoot following TKA,foot and ankle clinical outcomes in terms of subjective clinical scoring tools following surgical intervention,and to analyse the level of evidence(LOE)and quality of evidence(QOE)of the included studies.METHODS MEDLINE,EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were systematically reviewed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Studies reporting changes in the postoperative alignment of the hindfoot following TKA were included.The level and QOE were recorded and assessed.RESULTS Eleven studies with a total of 1142 patients(1358 knees)met the inclusion/exclusion criteria.Six studies were of LOE II and 5 studies were of LOE III.Patients with preoperative varus knee deformity and valgus hindfoot deformity demonstrated improvement in hindfoot alignment post TKA.Patients with preoperative varus knee deformity and varus hindfoot deformity demonstrated no improvement in hindfoot alignment following TKA.Twelve different radiographic parameters were used to measure the alignment of the hindfoot across the included studies,with the tibio-calcaneal angle most frequently utilised(27.3%).CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrated that the hindfoot may display compensatory changes in alignment following TKA in patients with knee OA.However,the marked heterogeneity between the included studies and poor QOE limits any meaningful cross sectional comparisons between studies.Further,well designed studies are necessary to determine the changes and outcomes of hindfoot alignment following TKA. | James J Butler Nathaniel P Mercer Eoghan T Hurley Mohammad T Azam John G Kennedy | 2021 | World Journal of Orthopedics2021，12，10： | 1 |
| 14 | Interleukin-1 homologues IL-1F7h and IL-18 contain functional mRNA instability elements within the coding region responsive to lipopolysaccharide显示文摘 | Buffer P Gamboni-Robertson F Azam T | 2004 | Biochem J2004，381，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Antiamoebic coumarins from the root bark of Adina cordifolia and their new thiosemicarbazone de- rivatives 显示文摘 | Iqbal P F Bhat A R Azam A | 2009 | Enr J Med Chem2009，44，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Antiamoebic Coumarins from the Root Bark of Adina cordifolia and Their New Thiosemiearbazone Derivatives显示文摘 | IQBAL P F BHAT A R AZAM A | 2001 | J Med Chem2001，44，： | 1 |
| 17 | Interleukin-1 homologues IL-1FTb and IL-18 contain functional mRNA instability elements within the coding region responsive to lipopolysaccharide 显示文摘 | Buffer P Gamboni-Robertson F Azam T | 2004 | Biochem J2004，381，1： | 1 |
| 18 | A complex of the IL - 1 homologue IL - 1F7b and IL - 18 - binding protein reduces IL- 18 activity显示文摘 | Buffer P Azam T Gamboni - Robertson F | 2002 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2002，99，13： | 1 |
| 19 | A complex of the IL-1 homologue IL-1F7b and IL-18-binding protein reduces IL-18 activity显示文摘 | Buffer P Azam T Gamboni-Robertson F | 2002 | Proe Natl Acad Sci USA2002，99，13： | 1 |
| 20 | Nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin does not affect yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions in a tropical grassland显示文摘Urea is the most common nitrogen(N)fertilizer used in the tropics but it has the risk of high gaseous nitrogen(N)losses.Use of nitrification inhibitor has been suggested as a potential mitigation measure for gaseous N losses in N fertilizer-applied fields.In a field trial on a tropical Andosol pastureland in Costa Rica,gaseous emissions of ammonia(NH_(3))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and grass yield were quantified from plots treated with urea(U;41.7 kg N ha^(-1)application^(-1))and urea plus the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin(U+NI;41.7 kg N ha^(-1)application^(-1)and 350 g of nitrapyrin for each 100 kg of N applied)and control plots(without U and NI)over a six-month period(rainy season).Volatilization of NH_(3)(August to November)in U(7.4%±1.3%of N applied)and U+NI(8.1%±0.9%of N applied)were not significantly different(P>0.05).Emissions of N_(2)O in U and U+NI from June to November were significantly different(P<0.05)only in October,when N_(2)O emission in U+NI was higher than that in U.Yield and crude protein production of grass were significantly higher(P<0.05)in U and U+NI than in the control plots,but they were not significantly different between U and U+NI.There was no significant difference in yield-scaled N_(2)O emission between U(0.31±0.10 g N kg^(-1)dry matter)and U+NI(0.47±0.10 g N kg^(-1)dry matter).The results suggest that nitrapyrin is not a viable mitigation option for gaseous N losses under typical N fertilizer application practices of pasturelands at the study site. | Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-CASTILLO Cristina CHINCHILLA-SOTO Jorge Alberto ELIZONDO-SALAZAR Ronny BARBOZA Dong-Gill KIM Christoph MÜLLER Alberto SANZ-COBENA Azam BORZOUEI Khadim DAWAR Mohammad ZAMAN | 2021 | Pedosphere2021，31，2： | 1 |
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