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| 1 | Epithelial restitution and wound healing in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. The mucosal epithelium of the alimentary tract constitutes a key element of the mucosal barrier to a broad spectrum of deleterious substances present within the intestinal lumen including bacterial microorganisms, various dietary factors, gastrointestinal secretory products and drugs. In addition, this mucosal barrier can be disturbed in the course of various intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases. Fortunately, the integrity of the gastrointestinal surface epithelium is rapidly reestablished even after extensive destruction. Rapid resealing of the epithelial barrier following injuries is accomplished by a process termed epithelial restitution, followed by more delayed mechanisms of epithelial wound healing including increased epithelial cell proliferation and epithelial cell differentiation. Restitution of the intestinal surface epithelium is modulated by a range of highly divergent factors among them a broad spectrum of structurally distinct regulatory peptides, variously described as growth factors or cytokines. Several regulatory peptide factors act from the basolateral site of the epithelial surface and enhance epithelial cell restitution through TGF-β-dependent pathways. In contrast, members of the trefoil factor family (TFF peptides) appear to stimulate epithelial restitution in conjunction with mucin glycoproteins through a TGF-β-independent mechanism from the apical site of the intestinal epithelium. In addition, a number of other peptide molecules like extracellular matrix factors and blood clotting factors and also non- peptide molecules including phospholipids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), adenine nucleotides, trace elements and pharmacological agents modulate intestinal epithelial repair mechanisms. Repeated damage and injury of the intestinal surface are key features of various intestinaldisorders including inflammatory bowel diseases and require constant repair of the epithelium. Enhancement of intestinal repair mechanisms by regulatory peptides or other modulatory factors may provide future approaches for the treatment of diseases that are characterized by injuries of the epithelial surface. | Andreas Sturm Axel U Dignass | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，3： | 24 |
| 2 | Chronic intestinal failure and short bowel syndrome in Crohn’s disease显示文摘Chronic intestinal failure(CIF)is a rare but feared complication of Crohn’s disease.Depending on the remaining length of the small intestine,the affected intestinal segment,and the residual bowel function,CIF can result in a wide spectrum of symptoms,from single micronutrient malabsorption to complete intestinal failure.Management of CIF has improved significantly in recent years.Advances in home-based parenteral nutrition,in particular,have translated into increased survival and improved quality of life.Nevertheless,60%of patients are permanently reliant on parenteral nutrition.Encouraging results with new drugs such as teduglutide have added a new dimension to CIF therapy.The outcomes of patients with CIF could be greatly improved by more effective prevention,understanding,and treatment.In complex cases,the care of patients with CIF requires a multidisciplinary approach involving not only physicians but also dietitians and nurses to provide optimal intestinal rehabilitation,nutritional support,and an improved quality of life.Here,we summarize current literature on CIF and short bowel syndrome,encompassing epidemiology,pathophysiology,and advances in surgical and medical management,and elucidate advances in the understanding and therapy of CIF-related complications such as catheter-related bloodstream infections and intestinal failure-associated liver disease. | Aysegül Aksan Karima Farrag Irina Blumenstein Oliver Schröder Axel U Dignass Jürgen Stein | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，24： | 4 |
| 3 | Use of granulocyte/monocytapheresis in ulcerative colitis:A practical review from a European perspective显示文摘Half of the patients with ulcerative colitis require at least one course of systemic corticosteroids in their lifetime.Approximately 75%of these patients will also require immunosuppressive drugs(i.e.,thiopurines or biological agents)in the mid-term to avoid colectomy.Immunosuppressive drugs raise some concerns due to an increased risk of serious and opportunistic infections and cancer,particularly in elderly and co-morbid patients,underlining the unmet need for safer alternative therapies.Granulocyte/monocytapheresis(GMA),a CE-marked,non-pharmacological procedure for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(among other immune-mediated diseases),remains the only therapy targeting neutrophils,the hallmark of pathology in ulcerative colitis.GMA has proven its efficacy in different clinical scenarios and shows an excellent and unique safety profile.In spite of being a first line therapy in Japan,GMA use is still limited to a small number of centres and countries in Europe.In this article,we aim to give an overview from a European perspective of the mechanism of action,recent clinical data on efficacy and practical aspects for the use of GMA in ulcerative colitis. | Eugeni Domènech Joan-Ramon Grífols Ayesha Akbar Axel U Dignass | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，10： | 2 |
| 4 | Dry eyes or mouth-an epidemiological study in Swedish adults,with special reference to primary Sjogren's syndrome显示文摘 | Jacobsson L T Axell T E Hansen B U | 1989 | J Autoimmun1989，2，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Unstable receptors disappear from cell surface during poliovirus infection 显示文摘 | Neznanov N Konstantin PC Axel U | 2002 | Med Sci Monit2002，8，10： | 1 |
| 6 | Targeting polo - like kinase 1 for cancer therapy 显示文摘 | Klaus S Axel U | 2006 | Nat Reviews Cancer2006，6，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Unstable receptor disappears from the cell sur- face during poliovirns infection 显示文摘 | NEZNANOV N AXEL U | 2008 | Meal Sci2008，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Increased sediment ac- cumulation rates and climatic forcing in the central Andes dur- ing the late Miocene 显示文摘 | Cornelius E U Manfred R S Axel K S | 2007 | Geology2007，35，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Electrospun polyurethane scaffolds for proliferation and neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells 显示文摘 | Carlberg B Axell MZ Nannmark U | 2009 | Biomedical Material2009，4，04： | 1 |
| 10 | Biomarkers of kidney injury显示文摘 | Anja U Nicholas O Axel H | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Human neuroblasts migrate to the olfactory bulb via a lat- eral ventricular extension 显示文摘 | Curtis MA Kam M Nannmark U Anderson MF Axell MZ Wikkel- so C | 2007 | Science2007，315，5816： | 1 |
| 12 | A new biscoumarin glucoside ester from Ruta chalepensis cell culture显示文摘 | Axel R Bernhard U | 1988 | Plant Med1988，52，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Transcranial Doppler and cortical microcirculation of increased intracranial pressure and during the Cushing response:An experemental study on rabbits显示文摘 | Karl U Dirk T Axel H | 1995 | Neurosurgery1995，36，： | 1 |
| 14 | Electrospun Polyurethane Scaffolds for Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells显示文摘 | Carlberg B Axell M Z Nannmark U | 2009 | Biomedical Materials2009，4，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Electrospun polyurethane scaffolds for proliferation and neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells显示文摘 | Carlberg B Axell M Z Nannmark U | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 16 | Blood Hormones as Markers of Training Stress and Overtraining显示文摘 | Axel U Holger G and Wilfred K | 1995 | Sport Med1995，20，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Dabrafenib in BRAF -mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Axel Hauschild Jean-Jacques Grob Lev V Demidov Thomas Jouary Ralf Gutzmer Michael Millward Piotr Rutkowski Christian U Blank Wilson H Miller Eckhart Kaempgen Salvador Martín-Algarra Boguslawa Karaszewska Cornelia Mauch Vanna Chiarion-Sileni Anne-Marie Mar | 2012 | The Lancet2012，，9839： | 1 |
| 18 | Mutation of Threonine 766 in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Reveals a Hotspot for Resistance Formation against Selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor显示文摘 | Stephanie B Axel U Henrik D | 2003 | J Biol Chem2003，278，15： | 1 |
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