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| 1 | Titanium dioxide induced inflammation in the small intestine显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPTiO 2 ) and microparticles (MPTiO 2 ) on the inflammatory response in the small intestine of mice. METHODS: Bl 57/6 male mice received distilled water suspensions containing TiO 2 (100 mg/kg body weight) as NPTiO 2 (66 nm), or MPTiO 2 (260 nm) by gavage for 10 d, once a day; the control group received only distilled water. At the end of the treatment the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were extracted for assessment of cytokines, inflammatory cells and titanium content. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intracellular interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in segments of jejunum and ileum (mucosa and underlying muscular tissue). CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells were evaluated in duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples fixed in 10% formalin by immuno-histochemistry. The titanium content was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS: We found increased levels of T CD4 + cells (cells/mm 2 ) in duodenum:NP 1240 ± 139.4, MP 1070 ± 154.7 vs 458 ± 50.39 (P < 0.01); jejunum:NP 908.4 ± 130.3, MP 813.8 ± 103.8 vs 526.6 ± 61.43 (P < 0.05); and ileum:NP 818.60 ± 123.0, MP 640.1 ± 32.75 vs 466.9 ± 22.4 (P < 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the groups receiving TiO 2 showed a statistically significant increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-4, IL-23, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TGF-β. The cytokine production was more pronounced in the ileum (mean ± SE):IL-12: NP 33.98 ± 11.76, MP 74.11 ± 25.65 vs 19.06 ± 3.92 (P < 0.05); IL-4: NP 17.36 ± 9.96, MP 22.94 ± 7.47 vs 2.19 ± 0.65 (P < 0.05); IL-23: NP 157.20 ± 75.80, MP 134.50 ± 38.31 vs 22.34 ± 5.81 (P < 0.05); TNFα: NP 3.71 ± 1.33, MP 5.44 ± 1.67 vs 0.99± 019 (P < 0.05); IFNγ: NP 15.85 ± 9.99, MP 34.08 ± 11.44 vs 2.81 ± 0.69 (P < 0.05); and TGF-β: NP 780.70 ± 318.50, MP 1409.00 ± 502.20 vs 205.50 ± 63.93 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that TiO2 particles induce a Th1-mediated inflammatory response in the small bowel in mice. | Carolina Maciel Nogueira Walter Mendes de Azevedo Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli Sérgio Hiroshi Toma AndréZonetti de Arruda Leite Maria Laura Lordello Iêda Nishitokukado Carmen Lúcia Ortiz-Agostinho Maria IrmaSeixas Duarte Marcelo Alves Ferreira Aytan Miranda Sipahi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，34： | 8 |
| 2 | Molecular evi-dence that sugarcane yellow leaf virus(SCYLV)is a member of the Luteoviridae family显示文摘 | Maia I G Goncalves M C Arruda P | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 3 | Soil respiration curves as soil fertility indicators in perennial central Amazonian plantations treated with charcoal,and mineral or organic fenilisers显示文摘 | STEINER C DE ARRUDA M I TEIXEIRA W G | 2008 | Tropical Science2008，47，： | 1 |
| 4 | Invader technology for DNA and RNA analysis: principles and applications 显示文摘 | de Arruda M Lyarnichev V I Eis P S | 2002 | Expert Rev Mol Diagn2002，2，5： | 1 |
| 5 | A model for dynamic analysis of AC contactor 显示文摘 | Koltermann P I Assumpcao Bastos J P Arruda S R | 1992 | IEEE Transactions on Magnetics1992，28，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Deletion mapping of the potyviral helper component-proteinase reveals two regions involved in RNA binding 显示文摘 | Urcuqui-Inchima S Maia I G Arruda P | 2000 | Virology2000，268，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Invader technology for DNA and RNA analysis:principles and applications显示文摘 | Arruda M Lyamichev V I Eis P S | 2002 | Expert Rev Mol Diagn2002，2，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Body fat assessment by bioelectrical impedance and its correlation with anthropometric indicators显示文摘 | Diniz Ara6jo ML Coelho Cabral P Kruze Grandede Arruda I | 2012 | Nutr Hosp2012，27，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Direct round window membrane application of gentamicin in the treatment of Meniere's disease显示文摘 | SILVERSTEIN H ARRUDA J ROSENBERG S I | 1999 | Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1999，120，： | 1 |
| 10 | A model for dynamic analysis of AC contactor 显示文摘 | KoltermanN P I Assumpcao Bastos J P Arruda S R | 1992 | IEEE Transac- tions on Magnetics1992，28，02： | 1 |
| 11 | Altered plasma response to zinc and iron tolerance test after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 显示文摘 | Rosa FT de Oliveira-Penaforte FR de Arruda Leme I | 2011 | Surg Obes Relat Dis2011，7，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Mitomycin C versus 5‐fluorouracil as an adjunctive treatment for trabeculectomy: a meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials显示文摘 | Lígia I De Fendi Gustavo V Arruda Ingrid U Scott Jayter S Paula | 2013 | Clin Experiment Ophthalmol2013，，8： | 1 |
| 13 | A model for dynamic analysis of AC contactor 显示文摘 | KOLTERMANN P I BASTOS J PA ARRUDA S R | 1992 | 1EEE Trans on Magnetics1992，，： | 1 |
| 14 | A mammalian telomerase associated protein显示文摘 | Oulton R Arruda I | 1997 | Science1997，275，： | 1 |
| 15 | Reduction of endoplasmic retieulum stress--a novel mechanism of action of statins in the protection against atherosclerosis 显示文摘 | Breder I Coope A Arruda AP | 2010 | Atherosclerosis2010，212，1： | 1 |
| 16 | The plant energy-dissipating mitochondrial systems: depicting the genomic structure and the expression profiles of the gene families of uncoupling protein and alternative oxidase in monocots and dicots显示文摘 | BORECKY J NOGUEIRA F T S DE OLIVEIRA K A P MAIA I G VERCESI A E ARRUDA P | 2006 | Journal of Experimental Botany2006，57，： | 1 |
| 17 | Molecular evidence that sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV) is a mem- ber of the Luteoviridae family 显示文摘 | Maia I G Goncalves M C Arruda P | 2000 | Arch Virol2000，145，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Experiment Determination of Flexural Power Flow in Beams Using a Modified Prony Method 显示文摘 | Arruda J R Campos J P Piva J I | 1996 | Journal of Sound and Vibration1996，197，3： | 1 |
| 19 | A mammalian telomerase-associated protein 显示文摘 | Harrington L MePhail T Mar V Zhou W Oulton R Bass M B Arruda I Robinson M O | 1997 | Science 19971997，，： | 1 |
| 20 | A mammalian telomerase- associated protein 显示文摘 | Harrington L McPhail T Mar V Zhou W Oulton R Bass MB Arruda I Robinson MO | 1997 | Science1997，275，： | 1 |
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