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    题名 作者 年代 出处 被引量
1北京地区儿童急性下呼吸道感染的病原学研究显示文摘目的 探讨儿童急性下呼吸道感染 (ALRI)的病原学。方法 采用血培养及常用的抗原、抗体检测方法检测 10 2例ALRI患儿常见的致病原。结果 (1) 10 2例儿童ALRI中 ,明确病原诊断的有 6 0例 (5 8.8% )。 (2 )在检出病原的 6 0例中 ,单纯细菌感染 15例 (2 5 % ) ,单纯病毒感染 19例(32 % ) ,单纯支原体感染 8例 (13% ) ,单纯衣原体感染 1例 (2 % ) ,混合感染 17例 (2 8% )。 (3)检出的主要病原 :10 2例ALRI,患儿中 ,呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV) 2 9例 (2 8.4% ) ,其后依次是肺炎链球菌 17例(16 .7.% ) ,b型流感嗜血杆菌 (Hib) 14例 (13.7% ) ,支原体 11例 (10 .8% ) ,卡他摩拉菌及衣原体急性感染各 2例 (2 .0 % )。结论 RSV是儿童ALRI最常见的病原 ,其次是肺炎链球菌、b型流感嗜血杆菌。王亚娟 姚德秀 燕润菊 王春莲 幺远 Anne Jaakkola Maija Leinonen Didier Leboulleux Heikki Peltola 杨永弘 2000中华儿科杂志2000,38,3:133
2术后疼痛护理中的障碍分析及对策显示文摘冯金娥 ANNE BERIT PERTERSON 2000实用护理杂志2000,16,8:206
3护士工作中针刺伤现状及预防对策显示文摘目的 对临床护士针刺伤现状进行描述。 方法 采用问卷法对 44 1名临床护士进行现况调查 ,收集有关污染锐器处理情况、针刺伤发生率、与针刺伤有关的操作、针刺伤意外后的处理及心理反应。 结果 82 %的护士在过去的 1年发生过针刺伤 ,与针刺伤有关的操作有套针帽、分离针头、处理针头等。护士在发生针刺伤后采取的主要措施是消毒伤口和挤压伤口 ,5 2 .4%的护士在发生针刺伤后感到害怕。 结论 临床护士针刺伤发生率高 ,污染锐器处理不安全。医院管理部门应加强医护人员职业防护培训 ,规范医疗废物的处理等方面减低医护人员针刺伤 。王红红 杨敏 何国平 Warren Phipps Ann B. Williams 2002实用预防医学2002,9,6:162
4QUADAS的制定:用于系统评价中评价诊断性研究质量的工具显示文摘背景在以系统评价为基石的循证医学时代,需要有恰当的质量评价工具。对诊断性研究的评价目前尚缺乏系统开发且经过验证的评价工具。本研究的目的是采用共识决策法整合经验证据和专家意见,制定在系统评价时用于评价原始诊断性研究质量的工具。方法按照循证原则,我们在之前发表的3篇诊断性研究文献的综述的基础上,初选出一些条目形成列表,然后通过Delphi流程逐步调整列表,形成质量评价工具。参与Delphi流程的都是诊断性研究领域的专家。结果共有9位诊断学领域的专家参与Delphi流程。经过4轮Delphi流程后,专家们对哪些条目应纳入评价工具达成共识,我们把这个评价工具命名为QUADAS。纳入条目从最初的28个减少到14个,涵盖了疾病谱、金标准、疾病进展偏倚(disease progression bias)、证实偏倚(verification bias)、评价偏倚、临床评价偏倚、合并偏倚、试验的实施、病例退出以及不确定结果。QUADAS工具中的每个条目都配有评分细则。结论本研究项目开发出了用于诊断性试验系统评价的循证质量评价工具。下一步工作是确定其适用性和有效性。Penny Whiting Anne WS Rutjes Johannes B Reitsma Patrick MM Bossuyt Jos Kleijnen 刁骧(译) 艾昌林(译) 秦莉(审校) 姚巡(审校) 2007中国循证医学杂志2007,7,4:67
5QUADAS评价:一种用于诊断性研究的质量评价工具(修订版)显示文摘背景 QUADAS是一种新近发展起来的诊断性研究的质量评价工具。虽然已有系统评价采用了QUADAS,但尚未得以正式确证。本研究的目的是评价QUADAS的有效性和实用性。方法3位评价者采用QUADAS独立评价30项研究的质量。比较每位评价者的评分与最终结论之间的意见一致度。这主要是通过比较所有QUADAS条目的总分和每个单项的得分来实现的。20位曾在其系统评价中使用过QUADAS的评价者就其使用经验完成一份简短的问卷。结果就所有条目而言,每位评价者的评分与最终结论之间的意见一致度分别达到了91%、90%和85%。就单项QUADAS条目而言,一致度在50%至100%之间,中位值是90%。与难以解释的试验结果和退出病例相关的条目,评分结果差异最大。有关QUADAS内容的反馈意见普遍较好,仅少数评价者提出了有关QUADAS涵盖面、使用便利性、评分说明的清晰度及有效性方面的问题。结论QUADAS内容本身无需作大的修改。评价过程的主要困难出现在难以解释的试验结果和退出病例这2个条目的评分上。对这些条目的评分指南提出了修改意见。评价者必需根据其系统评价制定相应的评分指南,并确保所有评价者都清楚如何评分。评价者还应考虑是否所有的QUADAS条目都与其系统评价相关,以及其他质量条目是否应作为其系统评价的评价部分。Penny F Whiting Marie E Weswood Anne WS Rutjes Johannes B Reitsma Patrick NM Bossuyt Jos Kleijnen 马章淳 钱楠 2007中国循证医学杂志2007,7,7:64
6MYB Transcription Factors as Regulators of Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Plants显示文摘导出 Phenylpropanoid 的混合物代表从本氨基丙酸发源的第二等的代谢物的一个多样的家庭。这些混合物对关於生命、不能生活的应力在植物生长和开发,并且在防卫有角色。许多这些混合物对人的健康和福利也有益。V-myb myeloblastosis 病毒的 oncogene 相当或相同的事物(MYB ) 蛋白质属于抄写因素的一个大家庭并且是导出 phenylpropanoid 的混合物的合成的关键管理者。这评论在植物在 phenylpropanoid 新陈代谢的规定总结 MYB 蛋白质和他们的角色的当前的理解。Jingying Liu Anne Osbourm Pengda Ma 2015Molecular Plant2015,8,5:79
7基于IMRT时代的第八版AJCC/UICC鼻咽癌临床分期建议显示文摘目的准确的分期系统对癌症的治疗至关重要。随着癌症分期和治疗方法的演变,需要不断评价分期的适用性和改进性。方法基于第7版AJCC/UICC分期回顾性分析香港和中国大陆2个肿瘤中心收治的1609例接受调强放射治疗的首诊无转移鼻咽癌患者临床资料,所有患者治疗前均行核磁共振分期评估。结果无其他T3、T4期解剖结构受侵患者中,伴有咀嚼肌间隙(翼内肌和/或翼外肌)侵犯、椎前肌侵犯及咽旁间隙侵犯的三组患者之间0s相近。伴广泛软组织(上述侵犯结构以外的软组织)受侵患者OS与伴有颅内侵犯或颅神经侵犯相似。仅2%患者锁骨上窝以上淋巴结转移者直径〉6cm,其0s率与下颈淋巴结转移者类似。用下颈(环状软骨尾侧缘水平以下)代替锁骨上窝并不影响N分期之间的风险差异性。采用推荐的T、N分期,T。N。、T。N,期0s相近。结论经AJCC/UICC分期筹备委员会审阅后,建议第8版分期应将翼内肌/翼外肌从T。降到T:期,增加椎前肌为L期,用下颈取代锁骨上窝,将淋巴结最大直径〉6cm合并归为N,期,将T。、N,期统一归为Ⅳ。期。这些改变不仅使得相邻分期间风险差异性更好,而且使得临床实践性与全球适用性之间达到最佳平衡。潘建基 Wai Tong Ng 宗井凤 Lucy L.K.Chan Brian O' Sullivan 林少俊 Henry C.K.Sze 陈韵彬 Horace C.W.Choi 郭巧娟 Wai Kuen Kan 肖友平 Xu Wei Quynh Thu Le Christine M.Glastonbury A.Dimtrios Colevas Randal S.Weber Jatin P.Shah Anne W.M.Lee 2016中华放射肿瘤学杂志2016,25,3:65
8Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Mechanism显示文摘Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles(Zn O-NPs) has received significant interest worldwide particularly by the implementation of nanotechnology to synthesize particles in the nanometer region. Many microorganisms exist in the range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers. Zn O-NPs exhibit attractive antibacterial properties due to increased specific surface area as the reduced particle size leading to enhanced particle surface reactivity. Zn O is a bio-safe material that possesses photo-oxidizing and photocatalysis impacts on chemical and biological species. This review covered Zn O-NPs antibacterial activity including testing methods, impact of UV illumination, Zn O particle properties(size, concentration, morphology, and defects), particle surface modification, and minimum inhibitory concentration. Particular emphasize was given to bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms with focus on generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) including hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), OH-(hydroxyl radicals), and O2-2(peroxide). ROS has been a major factor for several mechanisms including cell wall damage due to Zn O-localized interaction, enhanced membrane permeability, internalization of NPs due to loss of proton motive force and uptake of toxic dissolved zinc ions.These have led to mitochondria weakness, intracellular outflow, and release in gene expression of oxidative stress which caused eventual cell growth inhibition and cell death. In some cases, enhanced antibacterial activity can be attributed to surface defects on Zn O abrasive surface texture. One functional application of the Zn O antibacterial bioactivity was discussed in food packaging industry where Zn O-NPs are used as an antibacterial agent toward foodborne diseases. Proper incorporation of Zn O-NPs into packaging materials can cause interaction with foodborne pathogens, thereby releasing NPs onto food surface where they come in contact with bad bacteria and cause the bacterial death and/or inhibition.Amna Sirelkhatim Shahrom Mahmud Azman Seeni Noor Haida Mohamad Kaus Ling Chuo Ann Siti Khadijah Mohd Bakhori Habsah Hasan Dasmawati Mohamad 2015Nano-Micro Letters2015,7,3:76
9影响卒中死亡率下降的因素美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会的科学声明显示文摘背景和目的 美国的卒中死亡率自20世纪初以来一直呈下降趋势,尽管这种“下降”很受欢迎,但其原因尚不完全清楚.由于近年来卒中死亡率呈现出更为显著的加速下降趋势,卒中已从美国的第3位死亡原因下降至第4位.这促使人们对影响卒中发病风险和死亡率变化的相关因素进行详细评估.这份声明对有关卒中死亡率下降趋势的促进因素的研究证据进行回顾,并讨论了将来如何利用这些因素在卒中这一重大公共卫生问题的干预研究中发挥作用.方法 写作组成员由委员会主席和副主席根据其以前在相关领域的研究成果提名,并通过美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和美国心脏协会手稿监督委员会批准.作者利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对相关证据进行总结并指出与当前知识水平的差距.所有写作组成员均有机会评论这份声明并批准其最终版本.这份声明经过AHA内部的广泛同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层和科学声明监督委员会的审查,然后获得AHA科学顾问与协调委员会的批准.结果 过去数十年间,在不同性别、所有种族/民族以及各个年龄组人群中都观察到卒中死亡率的下降,这体现出人群健康的重大进展.除了卒中对于总体寿命损失的影响减少外,在65岁以下人群中观察到的卒中死亡率显著下降体现了其所致潜在寿命损失年的减少.卒中死亡率的下降要归功于卒中发病率和病死率的降低.这些卒中转归的显著改善与心血管危险因素的控制和干预相一致.虽然很难计算出具体的归因危险度估计值,但始于20世纪70年代的血压控制措施似乎已对卒中死亡率的加速下降产生了最实质性的影响.尽管实施较晚,但糖尿病和血脂异常控制以及戒烟计划,特别是联合降压治疗,似乎同样促进了卒中死亡率的下降.远程医疗和卒中医疗体系也似乎具有强烈的潜在作用,但尚需足够长的时间来证明其对卒中死亡率下降的影响.其他因素也可能产生影响,但需要更多的研究来确定它们的作用.结论 卒中死亡率的下降是真实存在的,代表着公共卫生以及临床医学的巨大成功.卒中从第3位死亡原因下降至第4位是死亡率真实下降的结果,而并非由于慢性肺病死亡率上升所致,后者是目前在美国是第3位的死亡原因.有强烈的证据表明,卒中死亡率的下降可归功于以科学发现为基础、旨在降低卒中风险而执行的联合干预措施和项目,其中最有可能的是对高血压控制的改善.因此,对正在开展的干预项目进行的研究及其成果的应用已改善了人群健康.对一些积极的循证公共卫生项目以及临床干预措施的持续应用预期会进一步降低卒中死亡率.Daniel T.Lackland Edward J.Roccella Anne F.Deutsch Myriam Fornage Mary G.George George Howard Brett M.Kissela Steven J.Kittner Judith H.Lichtman Lynda D. Lisabeth Lee H. Schwamm Eric E. Smith 高一鹭 陈政弘 王文志 2014国际脑血管病杂志2014,22,5:41
10Abstract from: Pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in adults aged 60 years or older to higher versus lower blood pressure targets: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians显示文摘Description: The American College of Physicians (ACP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) jointly developed this guideline to present the evidence and provide clinical recommendations based on the benefits and harms of higher versus lower blood pressure targets for the treatment of hypertension in adults aged 60 years or older.Amir Qaseem Timothy J. Wilt Robert Rich Linda L. Humphrey Jennifer Frost Mary Ann Forciea 2017Chinese Nursing Research2017,4,4:43
11护理本科生艾滋病知识、态度与护理意愿调查分析显示文摘目的了解护理本科生艾滋病知识、态度、护理意愿及其相关性。方法采用问卷方法对 6 8名护理本科学生(护生 )进行现况调查。结果护生的艾滋病知识均分为 (13.7± 3.1)分 ,对职业感染、不可能传播HIV的途径等知识回答正确率低。态度均分为 0 .89分 ,86 .8%的护生的态度分为正分 ,表示同情和支持艾滋病病人 ,但对因静脉吸毒、性乱、同性恋染上艾滋病者持歧视态度。护理意愿均分为 (77.7± 2 5 .3)分 ,有 2 5 .0 %的护生表示不愿意为艾滋病病人提供护理。相关分析表明艾滋病知识、态度、护理意愿之间呈显著正相关关系。结论护生艾滋病知识掌握不够全面 ,对艾滋病病人护理意愿低 ;需加强对护生艾滋病知识的培训 ,改善对病人的态度 。王红红 阳爱云 Ann B Williams 2003护理学杂志(综合版)2003,18,3:48
12土地利用、溪流级别与溪流河水理化性质的关系显示文摘为研究土地利用对溪流水质的影响 ,对黑龙江省尚志市帽儿山境内阿什河流域的 1~ 5级溪流河水进行采样 ,同时记载森林覆盖度、邻近土地利用类型及地貌特征。对溪水样品的的 p H,浑浊度 ,NH+ 4- N、NO- 3- N和 PO3+ 3- P浓度进行分析测定。对不同溪流级别和土地利用类型的溪流河水进行分析。结果表明 :随着溪流级别的升高和土地利用类型由森林变为农田和村镇 ,溪流河水的 p H,浑浊度 ,NH+ 4- N、NO- 3- N和 PO3- 3- P浓度均显著升高。森林植被保存相对较好的 1、2级溪流水质最佳 ,但溪水中溶解无机磷和无机氮的浓度与美国温带地区相似的低级溪流相比 ,分别高 30倍和 1 0 0倍。河岸带破坏 ,土地利用的变化 ,放牧。牟溥 王庆成 Anne E.Hershey 于红丽 郭宝琴 2004生态学报2004,24,7:35
13新疆天山西部三个云杉上树线树轮最大密度年表的研制、相关性及其气候信号分析显示文摘针对新疆天山西部伊犁、博尔塔拉蒙古自治区州三大山体北坡云杉上树线树木年轮最大密度资料,采用区域曲线、负指数曲线、样条函数三种不同生长去趋势方法,研制树轮最大密度年表,分析不同采点和树轮去趋势方法对树轮最大密度年表在不同频域的相关性及气候信号的影响发现:①三个采点间的最大树轮密度变化,在高频变化方面最为相似,低频变化存在着较大差异;②天山西部山脉北坡上树线的树轮最大密度年表对年表研制的三种不同去趋势方法不敏感,而采点间的距离和是否位于同一气候区是影响上树线树轮最大密度年表间相关性的重要因子;③天山西部山脉北坡上树线的树轮最大密度年表对当年的温度具有显著的相关性,年降水量越多的山区,其上树线最大密度年表对温度的相关性越好,且显著相关平均温度涉及的月数也不断增多。袁玉江 Esper Jan 魏文寿 Nievergelt Danie Verstege Anne 喻树龙 张瑞波 2008干旱区地理2008,31,4:38
14农业耕作活动对西藏越冬黑颈鹤食性及食物可获得性的影响显示文摘于 1996年 1月对在西藏中南部越冬黑颈鹤的食性和谷物性食物的可获得性进行了研究。青稞 (Hordeumvulgare)、春小麦 (Triticumspp .)、冬小麦 (Triticumspp .)是该地区的 3种主要作物。对黑颈鹤粪便的分析表明 ,越冬黑颈鹤取食大量的农作物 ,尤其是小麦散落谷粒 ,而冬小麦苗仅占鹤类食物组成的很小一部分。秋收后的翻耕、放牧等农业活动影响地面上作物残物 (种子、叶、秆或根 )及谷粒残物 (裸粒、穗、稃 )的数量 ,农地翻耕掩埋了大部分的作物残物。未翻耕青稞地与小麦地上的作物残物覆盖比值相似。谷粒残物的密度在未翻耕的小麦地上最大。为了最大限度地增加黑颈鹤的冬季食物资源 ,减少人为活动对黑颈鹤的干扰 ,我们建议 :在秋收后不要翻耕河流两侧的青稞地和小麦地 ;在冬小麦种植地区 ,冬小麦应仅仅种植在主要公路两侧。Mary Anne Bishop 李凤山 2002生物多样性2002,10,4:36
15Models and estimators linking individual-based and sample-based rarefaction, extrapolation and comparison of assemblages显示文摘Aims In ecology and conservation biology,the number of species counted in a biodiversity study is a key metric but is usually a biased underestimate of total species richness because many rare species are not detected.Moreover,comparing species richness among sites or samples is a statistical challenge because the observed number of species is sensitive to the number of individuals counted or the area sampled.For individual-based data,we treat a single,empirical sample of species abundances from an investigator-defined species assemblage or community as a reference point for two estimation objectives under two sampling models:estimating the expected number of species(and its unconditional variance)in a random sample of(i)a smaller number of individuals(multinomial model)or a smaller area sampled(Poisson model)and(ii)a larger number of individuals or a larger area sampled.For sample-based incidence(presence–absence)data,under a Bernoulli product model,we treat a single set of species incidence frequencies as the reference point to estimate richness for smaller and larger numbers of sampling units.Methods The first objective is a problem in interpolation that we address with classical rarefaction(multinomial model)and Coleman rarefaction(Poisson model)for individual-based data and with sample-based rarefaction(Bernoulli product model)for incidence frequencies.The second is a problem in extrapolation that we address with sampling-theoretic predictors for the number of species in a larger sample(multinomial model),a larger area(Poisson model)or a larger number of sampling units(Bernoulli product model),based on an estimate of asymptotic species richness.Although published methods exist for many of these objectives,we bring them together here with some new estimators under a unified statistical and notational framework.This novel integration of mathematically distinct approaches allowed us to link interpolated(rarefaction)curves and extrapolated curves to plot a unified species accumulation curve for empirical examples.We provide new,unconditional variance estimators for classical,individual-based rarefaction and for Coleman rarefaction,long missing from the toolkit of biodiversity measurement.We illustrate these methods with datasets for tropical beetles,tropical trees and tropical ants.Important Findings Surprisingly,for all datasets we examined,the interpolation(rarefaction)curve and the extrapolation curve meet smoothly at the reference sample,yielding a single curve.Moreover,curves representing 95%confidence intervals for interpolated and extrapolated richness estimates also meet smoothly,allowing rigorous statistical comparison of samples not only for rarefaction but also for extrapolated richness values.The confidence intervals widen as the extrapolation moves further beyond the reference sample,but the method gives reasonable results for extrapolations up to about double or triple the original abundance or area of the reference sample.We found that the multinomial and Poisson models produced indistinguishable results,in units of estimated species,for all estimators and datasets.For sample-based abundance data,which allows the comparison of all three models,the Bernoulli product model generally yields lower richness estimates for rarefied data than either the multinomial or the Poisson models because of the ubiquity of non-random spatial distributions in nature.Robert K.Colwell Anne Chao Nicholas J.Gotelli Shang-Yi Lin Chang Xuan Mao Robin L.Chazdon John T.Longino 2012Journal of Plant Ecology2012,5,1:37
16大学生艾滋病知识、态度的现状调查及其相关性分析显示文摘目的 了解湖南高校大学生对艾滋病知识、态度的现状及其相关关系 ,为制定相应对策提供科学依据。 方法 采用现状调查 ,分别对八个不同专业的一至四年级 132 6名大学生艾滋病知识和态度进行匿名问卷调查。 结果 大学生艾滋病知识得分均值为 12 .6 3± 2 .97,态度得分均值为 1.0 8± 2 .97;知识与态度的分值呈显著正相关 (r=0 .138,P<0 .0 0 1) ;态度与年级呈负相关 (r=- 0 .0 81,P<0 .0 1) ;女生的知识 (t=3.19,P<0 .0 1)和态度 (t=2 .2 1,P<0 .0 5 )均显著优于男生 ;单因素方差分析表明 ,不同年级的学生在知识上无显著差别 ,不同专业的学生在知识和态度上无显著差别。 结论 在大学生中开展控制和预防艾滋病的健康教育非常必要 ,以增进大学生艾滋病预防知识 。黄金 王红红中南大学湘雅护理学院 Ann B.Williams 2003实用预防医学2003,10,4:37
17Homing and migration of mesenchymal stromal cells: How to improve the efficacy of cell therapy?显示文摘Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) are currently being investigated for use in a wide variety of clinical applications. For most of these applications, systemic delivery of the cells is preferred. However, this requires the homing and migration of MSCs to a target tissue. Although MSC hominghas been described, this process does not appear to be highly efficacious because only a few cells reach the target tissue and remain there after systemic administration. This has been ascribed to low expression levels of homing molecules, the loss of expression of such molecules during expansion, and the heterogeneity of MSCs in cultures and MSC culture protocols. To overcome these limitations, different methods to improve the homing capacity of MSCs have been examined. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC homing, with a particular focus on homing to bone marrow. In addition, we summarize the strategies that have been developed to improve this process. A better understanding of MSC biology, MSC migration and homing mechanisms will allow us to prepare MSCs with optimal homing capacities. The efficacy of therapeutic applications is dependent on efficient delivery of the cells and can, therefore, only benefit from better insights into the homing mechanisms.Ann De Becker Ivan Van Riet 2016World Journal of Stem Cells2016,8,3:37
18nflammasomes in cancer: a double-edgecl sword显示文摘Ryan Kolb Guang-Hui Liu Ann M. Janowski Fayyaz S. Sutterwala Weizhou Zhang 2014Protein & Cell2014,5,1:34
19高速列车运行工况下噪声传递路径及声源贡献量分析显示文摘随着高速列车运行速度的不断提升,高速列车内部噪声与限值之间矛盾日益突出。在运行工况下对噪声源进行识别是低噪声设计的前提和必要手段。传递路径分析提供了一种快速有效的分析车厢内部主要噪声传递路径和噪声源贡献的技术。因此,比较不同的激励源对车厢内部噪声贡献大小和判断主要传递路径分析,对于改善车厢内部声环境设计有重要参考价值。利用运行工况下传递路径分析技术对高速列车CRH380B进行测试,首次将气动噪声作为一种高速列车主要激励源进行分析,得到了不同的噪声源贡献量的对比结果。通过结果分析,车厢内噪声主要来自于转向架和车顶区域。袁旻忞 Anne Shen 鲁帆 白国锋 隋富生 2013振动与冲击2013,32,21:32
20Diabetic neuropathic pain:Physiopathology and treatment显示文摘Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes,which affects over 90% of the diabetic patients.Although pain is one of the main symptoms of diabetic neuropathy,its pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet fully known.It is widely accepted that the toxic effects of hyperglycemia play an important role in the development of this complication,but several other hypotheses have been postulated.The management of diabetic neuropathic pain consists basically in excluding other causes of painful peripheral neuropathy,improving glycemic control as a prophylactic therapy and using medications to alleviate pain.First line drugs for pain relief include anticonvulsants,such as pregabalin and gabapentin and antidepressants,especial y those that act to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline.In addition,there is experimental and clinical evidence that opioids can be helpful in pain control,mainly if associated with first line drugs.Other agents,including for topical application,such as capsaicin cream and lidocaine patches,have also been proposed to be useful as adjuvants in the control of diabetic neuropathic pain,but the clinical evidence is insufficient to support their use.In conclusion,a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathic pain will contribute to the search of new therapies,but also to the improvement of the guidelines to optimize pain control with the drugs currently available.Anne K Schreiber Carina FM Nones Renata C Reis Juliana G Chichorro Joice M Cunha 2015World Journal of Diabetes2015,6,3:34
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