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| 1 | 电动牙刷与手动牙刷对口腔卫生的效果比较显示文摘目的对电动牙刷和手动牙刷在去除菌斑、维护牙龈健康、对色素和牙结石的作用、可靠性、不良作用和成本等进行比较.方法计算机检索Cochrane口腔健康协作组临床试验资料库(截至2004年6月17日)、Cochran临床对照试验中心资料库(Cochrane图书馆2004第2期)、MEDLINE(1966~2004)、EMBASE(1980~2004第2周)和CINAHL(1982~2004第2周),并与制造商联系以获取更多资料.根据下列标准纳入随机对照试验:随机分配研究对象;参加者为手运动无障碍的普通人群;干预措施为无监督的手动或电动牙刷刷牙,至少4周;主要结局指标为试验期间菌斑和牙龈炎的变化.由6个作者独立评价并纳入研究资料.用随机效应模型进行Meta分析,用标准化均数差(SMD)及其95%CI测量效果.检查可能的异质性来源,并针对研究质量和发表偏倚进行敏感性分析.为便于讨论,将SMD转换为百分率.结果对包含3 855例研究对象的42个试验进行系统评价,结果显示,旋转振动型电动牙刷去除菌斑和减低牙龈炎的效果在短期内明显优于手动牙刷,并在3个月以上的研究中显示降低了牙龈炎指数.在1~3个月的研究中,菌斑SMD为-0.43 [95%CI (-0.72, 0.14)],牙龈炎SMD为-0.62 [95%CI (-0.90, 0.34)],Quigley Hein菌斑指数降低11%,Loe and Silness龈炎指数降低6%.在3个月以上的研究中,菌斑指数SMD为-1.29 [95%CI (-2.67, 0.08)], 龈炎指数为-0.51 [95%CI (-1.76, 0.25)],Ainamo Bay探诊出血指数降低17%.短期研究之间有异质性,敏感性分析显示当选择高质量的研究时结果是肯定的,没有证据表明有发表偏倚.采取其他设计的电动牙刷并不比手动牙刷更优.对成本、可靠性和不良作用的报道不一致,已报道的不良作用都是局限的、暂时的.结论旋转振动型电动牙刷去除牙菌斑、减少牙龈炎的效果优于手动牙刷.遵守方法学指南和更标准化的设计有益于将来的研究和Meta分析. | Robinson PG Deacon SA Deery C Heanue M Walmsley AD Worthington HV Glenny AM Shaw WC 陈娥 史宗道 | 2005 | 中国循证医学杂志2005，5，11： | 8 |
| 2 | Consensus statement on the epidemiology,diagnosis,prevention,and management of cow's milk protein allergy in the Middle East:a modified Delphi-based study显示文摘Background This study aimed to develop an expert consensus regarding the epidemiology,diagnosis,and management of cow’s milk protein allergy(CMPA)in the Middle East.Methods A three-step modified Delphi method was utilized to develop the consensus.Fifteen specialized pediatricians participated in the development of this consensus.Each statement was considered a consensus if it achieved an agreement level of>80%.Results The experts agreed that the double-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge test(OCT)should be performed for 2-A weeks using an amino acid formula(AAF)in formula-fed infants or children with suspected CMPA.Formula-fed infants with confirmed CMPA should be offered a therapeutic formula.The panel stated that an extensively hydrolyzed formula(eHF)is indicated in the absence of red flag signs.At the same time,the AAF is offered for infants with red flag signs,such as severe anaphylactic reactions.The panel agreed that infants on an eHF with resolved symptoms within 2-4 weeks should continue the eHF with particular attention to the growth and nutritional status.On the other hand,an AAF should be considered for infants with persistent symptoms;the AAF should be continued if the symptoms resolve within 2-4 weeks,with particular attention to the growth and nutritional status.In cases with no symptomatic improvements after the introduction of an AAF.other measures should be followed.The panel developed a management algorithm,which achieved an agreement level of 90.9%.Conclusion This consensus document combined the best available evidence and clinical experience to optimize the management of CMPA in the Middle East. | Moustafa A.El-Hodhod Mortada H.F.El-Shabrawi Ahmed AIBadi Ahmed Hussein AM Almehaidib Basil Nasrallah Ebtsam Mohammed AIBassam Hala El Feghali Hasan M.Isa Khaled Al Saraf Maroun Sokhn Mehdi Adeli Najwa Mohammed Mousa Al-Sawi Pierre Hage Suleiman Al-Hammadi | 2021 | World Journal of Pediatrics2021，17，6： | 3 |
| 3 | Neural circuitry associated with two different approaches to novel word learning 显示文摘 | Clements-Stephens AM Materek AD Eason SH | 2012 | Dev Cogn Neurosci2012，2，： | 1 |
| 4 | Impaired Epstein-Barr virusspecific CD8 + T-cell function in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease is restricted to SLAM family-positive B-cell targets显示文摘 | Hislop AD Palendira U Leese AM | 2010 | {H}Blood2010，，17： | 1 |
| 5 | Plasma leptin at the risk of cardiovascular disease in the West of Scotland Cor onary Prevention Study (WOSCPS) 显示文摘 | Wallace AM Me Mahon AD Chris JP | 2001 | Circulation2001，104，： | 1 |
| 6 | Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides: a dual natriuretic peptide system po tentially involved in circulatory homeostasis显示文摘 | Lang CC Choy AM Struthers AD | 1992 | Clin Sci(Lond)1992，83，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Influence of serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies,age and gender on depression as measured by the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale显示文摘 | Shinkov AD Borisova AM Kovacheva RD | 2014 | Folia Med(Plovdiv)2014，56，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Childhood growth and chronic disease; evidence from countries undergoing the nutrition显示文摘 | Stein AD Thompson AM Waters A | 2005 | Matern Child Nutr2005，1，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Elevated plasma vascular endothelial growth levels in 2 patients with hemangioendothelioma 显示文摘 | Miller AM Sandier AD | 2005 | J Pediatr Surg2005，40，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Betaine synthesis in chenopods: localization in chloroplasts 显示文摘 | Hanson AD May AM Grument R | 1985 | Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1985，82，： | 1 |
| 11 | Crohn disease-associated adherent-invasive E. coli bacteria target mouse and human Peyer’s patches via long polar fimbriae显示文摘 | Chassaing Benoit Rolhion Nathalie de Vallée Amélie Salim Sa’ad Y Prorok-Hamon Maelle Neut Christel Campbell Batty J S?derholm Johan D Hugot Jean-Pierre Colombel Jean-Frédéric Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Use of anatomi- cal measures of idiopathic macular hole obtained through opti- cal coherence tomography as a predictive factor in visual re- suhs:a pilot study显示文摘 | Negretto AD Gomes AM Goncalves FP | 2007 | Arq Bras Ophthalmol2007，70，： | 1 |
| 13 | Platelet expres- sion profiling and clinical validation of myeloid-- related protein --14 as a novel determinant of cardiovascular events显示文摘 | Healy AM Pickard MD Pradhan AD | 2006 | Cir- culation2006，113，19： | 1 |
| 14 | An assessment of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in patients suspected of acute coronary syndrome显示文摘 | Zazula AD Precoma ND Gomes AM | 2008 | Arq Bras Cardiol2008，90，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome显示文摘 | Gunther S Preiser W van der Weft S Brodt HR Becker S Rabenau H Panning M Kolesnikova L Fouchier RA Berger A Burguiere AM Cinatl J Eickmann M Escriou N Grywna K Kramme S Manuguerra JC Muller S Rickerts V Sturmer M Vieth S Klenk HD Osterhaus AD Schmitz H Doerr HW | 2003 | N Engl J Med2003，348，： | 1 |
| 16 | Osteonectin-null mutation compromises osteoblast formation,maturation,and survival显示文摘 | Delany AM Kalajzic I Bradshaw AD | 2003 | Endocrinology2003，144，6： | 1 |
| 17 | The prognostic value of natriuratic peptide in patients with acute coronary syndromes显示文摘 | James AD David AM Jane HB | 2001 | N Engl J Med2001，345，： | 1 |
| 18 | Transgenic apple and strawberry: advances in transformation, introduction of genes for insect resistance and field studies of tissue cultured plant 显示文摘 | James DJ Passey AJ Webster AD Barbara DJ Dandekar AM Uratsu SL | 1993 | Acta Horiculturae1993，336，： | 1 |
| 19 | Reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome: review of the world literature and report of the syndrome in a prepubertal child显示文摘 | Cohen PR Rabinowitz AD Ruszkowski AM | 1990 | Pediatr Dermatol1990，7，： | 1 |
| 20 | Plasma leptin and he risk of cardiovascular disease in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS)显示文摘 | McMahon AD Packard CJ | 2001 | Circulation2001，104，39： | 1 |
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