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| 1 | Silvicultural alternatives to conventional even-aged forest man-agement-what limits global adoption?显示文摘Background: The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive management operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This 'conventional' forest management approach has typically favored production of even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative management regimes have generally received less attention, this has been changing over the last three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for this change include a combination of new information and concerns about the ecological consequences of intensive forestry practices and a willingness on the part of many forest owners and society to embrace a wider set of management objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by a set of fundamental principles, including avoidance of clearcutting, an emphasis on structural diversity and small-scale variability, deployment of mixed species with natural regeneration,and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods.Methods: Our compilation of the authors' experiences and perspectives from various parts of the world aims to initiate a larger discussion concerning the constraints to and the potential of adopting alternative silvicultural practices.Results: The results suggest that a wider adoption of alternative silvicultural practices is currently hindered by a suite of ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, and historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations and relative significance of these constraints, and accordingly, targeted efforts, such as regulations and incentives, may help to overcome specific challenges.Conclusions: In a broader context, we propose that less emphases on strict applications of principles and on stand structures might provide additional flexibility and facilitate the adoption of alternative silvicultural regimes in a broader set of circumstances. At the same time, the acceptance of alternative silvicultural systems as the 'preferred or default mode of management' wil necessitate and benefit from the continued development of the scientific basis and valuation of a variety of ecosystem goods and services. This publication is aimed to further the discussion in this context. | Klaus J Puettmann Scott McG Wilson Susan C Baker Pablo J Donoso Lars Dr?ssler Girma Amente Brian D Harvey Thomas Knoke Yuanchang Lu Susanna Nocentini Francis E Putz Toshiya Yoshida Jürgen Bauhus | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，2： | 4 |
| 2 | Comparative statistical study for the ultimoate stress in unbonded post tensioning显示文摘 | Ament J Chakrabarti P R Putcha C S | 1997 | ACI structure Journal1997，94，2： | 1 |
| 3 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Ament C Polynkin P Moloney J V | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Risk factors for the development of retroprosthetic membranes with Boston keratoprosthesis type l: multicenter study results 显示文摘 | Rudnisky C J Belin MW Todani A A1-Arfaj K Ament JD Zerbe B J | 2012 | Ophthalmology2012，119，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Low -pass fil- tered volumetric shadows 显示文摘 | AMENT M SADLO F DACHSBACHER C | 2014 | IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics2014，20，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Super- continuum generation with femtosecond self-healing Airy pulses 显示文摘 | AMENT C POLYNKIN P MOLONEY J V | 2011 | Physical Review Letters2011，107，24： | 1 |
| 7 | Current use and clinical outcome of home parenteral and enteral nutritional therapies in the United States 显示文摘 | HOWARD L AMENT C FLEMING C R | 1995 | Castroentemlogy1995，109，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Low-pass filteredvolumetric shadows显示文摘 | Ament M Sadlo F Dachsbacher C | 2014 | IEEE Transactions on Visualizationand Computer Graphics2014，20，12： | 1 |
| 9 | High precision position control using an adaptive friction compensation approach 显示文摘 | Amthor A Zschaeck S Ament C | 2010 | IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control2010，55，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Induction of a leaf specific geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase and emission of(E,E)-4,8,12 trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene in tomato are dependent on beth jasmonlc acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways显示文摘 | Kai Ament Chris C Van Schie Harro J Bouwmeester | 2006 | Planta2006，224，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Pharmacologic treatment of obsessive compul- sive disorder:comparative studies显示文摘 | F|ament M F Bisserbe J C | 1997 | J Clin Psychial1997，58，： | 1 |
| 12 | Low-pass filteredvolumetric shadows显示文摘 | Ament M Sadlo F Dachsbacher C | 2014 | IEEE Transactions on Visualizationand Computer Graphics2014，20，12： | 1 |
| 13 | Supercontinuumgeneration with femtosecond self-healing Airy pulses显示文摘 | Ament C Polynkin P Moloney J V | 2011 | Physics Review Letters2011，107，24： | 1 |
| 14 | Cur-rent use and clinical outcome of home parenteral andenteral nutritional therapies in the United States 显示文摘 | HOWARD L AMENT C FLEMING C R | 1995 | Gastroenterology1995，109，： | 1 |
| 15 | Comparative Statistical Study for the Uhimoate Stress in Unbonded Post Tensioning 显示文摘 | Ament J Chkrabarti P R Puteha C S | 1997 | ACI Sturctural Journal1997，94，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Induction of a leaf specific geranylgeranyl pyrophos- phate synthase and emission of ( E, E)-4,8,12-trime thyltrideca-1, 3,7,11-tetraene in tomato are depend- ent on both jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways显示文摘 | Ament K Van Schie C C Bouwmeester H J | 2006 | Planta2006，224，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Induction of a leaf specific geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase and emis- sion of ( E, E) -4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11 -tetraene in to- mato are dependent on both jasmonic acid and salicylic acid sig- naling pathways 显示文摘 | Ament K Van Schie C C Bouwmeester H J | 2006 | Planta2006，224，5： | 1 |
| 18 | The Role of Specific Tomato Volatiles in Tomato-Whitefly Interaction1[W][OA]显示文摘 | Bleeker Petra M Diergaarde Paul J Ament Kai Guerra José Weidner Monique Schütz Stefan de Both Michiel T J Haring Michel A Schuurink Robert C | 2009 | Plant Physiology2009，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Comparative statistical study for the ultimate stress in unbonded post tensioning显示文摘 | Ament J Chakrabarti P R Putcha C S | 1997 | ACI Structural Journal1997，94，2： | 1 |
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