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| 1 | Titanium dioxide induced inflammation in the small intestine显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPTiO 2 ) and microparticles (MPTiO 2 ) on the inflammatory response in the small intestine of mice. METHODS: Bl 57/6 male mice received distilled water suspensions containing TiO 2 (100 mg/kg body weight) as NPTiO 2 (66 nm), or MPTiO 2 (260 nm) by gavage for 10 d, once a day; the control group received only distilled water. At the end of the treatment the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were extracted for assessment of cytokines, inflammatory cells and titanium content. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intracellular interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in segments of jejunum and ileum (mucosa and underlying muscular tissue). CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells were evaluated in duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples fixed in 10% formalin by immuno-histochemistry. The titanium content was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS: We found increased levels of T CD4 + cells (cells/mm 2 ) in duodenum:NP 1240 ± 139.4, MP 1070 ± 154.7 vs 458 ± 50.39 (P < 0.01); jejunum:NP 908.4 ± 130.3, MP 813.8 ± 103.8 vs 526.6 ± 61.43 (P < 0.05); and ileum:NP 818.60 ± 123.0, MP 640.1 ± 32.75 vs 466.9 ± 22.4 (P < 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the groups receiving TiO 2 showed a statistically significant increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-4, IL-23, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TGF-β. The cytokine production was more pronounced in the ileum (mean ± SE):IL-12: NP 33.98 ± 11.76, MP 74.11 ± 25.65 vs 19.06 ± 3.92 (P < 0.05); IL-4: NP 17.36 ± 9.96, MP 22.94 ± 7.47 vs 2.19 ± 0.65 (P < 0.05); IL-23: NP 157.20 ± 75.80, MP 134.50 ± 38.31 vs 22.34 ± 5.81 (P < 0.05); TNFα: NP 3.71 ± 1.33, MP 5.44 ± 1.67 vs 0.99± 019 (P < 0.05); IFNγ: NP 15.85 ± 9.99, MP 34.08 ± 11.44 vs 2.81 ± 0.69 (P < 0.05); and TGF-β: NP 780.70 ± 318.50, MP 1409.00 ± 502.20 vs 205.50 ± 63.93 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that TiO2 particles induce a Th1-mediated inflammatory response in the small bowel in mice. | Carolina Maciel Nogueira Walter Mendes de Azevedo Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli Sérgio Hiroshi Toma AndréZonetti de Arruda Leite Maria Laura Lordello Iêda Nishitokukado Carmen Lúcia Ortiz-Agostinho Maria IrmaSeixas Duarte Marcelo Alves Ferreira Aytan Miranda Sipahi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，34： | 8 |
| 2 | Appropriateness of outpatient gastrointestinal endoscopy in a non-academic hospital显示文摘AIM:To assess the appropriate use and the diagnostic yield of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy in this subgroup of patients.METHODS:In total,789 consecutive outpatients referred for gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopy [381 for esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) and 408 for colonoscopy] were prospectively enrolled in the study.The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(ASGE) guidelines were used to assess the relationship between appropriateness and the presence of relevant endoscopic f indings.RESULTS:The overall inappropriate rate was 13.3%.The indications for EGD and colonoscopy were,respectively,appropriate in 82.7% and 82.6% of the exams,uncertain in 5.8% and 2.4% and inappropriate in 11.5% and 15%.The diagnostic yield was signif icant higher forEGDs and colonoscopies judged appropriate and uncertain when compared with those considered inappropriate(EGD:36.6% vs 36.4% vs 11.4%,P = 0.004;Colonoscopy:24.3% vs 20.0% vs 3.3%,P = 0.001).Of the 25 malignant lesions detected,all but one was detected in exams judged appropriate or uncertain.CONCLUSION:This study shows a good adherence to ASGE guidelines by the referring physicians and a significant increase of the diagnostic yield in appropriate examinations,namely in detecting neoplastic lesions.It underscores the importance that the appropriateness of the indication assumes in assuring high-quality GI endoscopic procedures. | Joo Mangualde Marie I Cremers Ana M Vieira Ricardo Freire lia Gamito Cristina Lobato Ana L Alves Fátima Augusto Ana P Oliveira | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2011，3，10： | 2 |
| 3 | X- Ray diffraction investigations of concentrated aqueous solutions of calcium halides显示文摘 | Gaspar M Alves Marques M Cabaco M I | 2004 | Mol Liq2004，110，： | 1 |
| 4 | A unified model for predicting flowing temperature distribution in wellbores and pipelines显示文摘 | Alves I N Alhanati F J S Shoham O | 1992 | SPEPE1992，7，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Occur- rence and diversity of integrons and beta-lactarnase genes among ampicillin-resistant isolates from estuarine waters 显示文摘 | HENRIQUES I S FONSECA F ALVES A | 2006 | Res Microbiol2006，157，10： | 1 |
| 6 | The Noxa/ Mcl-1 axis regulates susceptibility to apoptosis under glu- cose limitation in dividing T cells 显示文摘 | ALVES N L DERKS I A BERK E | 2006 | Immunity2006，24，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Isolation and initial characterization of a bacterial consortium able to mineralize fluorobenzene显示文摘 | Carvalho M F Alves C C T Ferreira M I M | 2002 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology2002，68，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Seasonal and spa- tial variability of free-living bacterial community composition a- long an estuarine gradient ( Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) 显示文摘 | HENRIQUES I S ALVES A TACAI M | | Estu- arine Coastal and Shelf Science0，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Recent insights on the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for cardiac ca chexia显示文摘 | MARTINS T VITORINO R MOREIRA-GON? ALVES I) | 2014 | ClinBiochem2014，47，： | 1 |
| 10 | Experimental and modeling study of gas dispersion in a double turbine stirred tank显示文摘 | Alves S S Maia C I Vasconcelos J M T | 2002 | Chemical Engineering Science2002，57，： | 1 |
| 11 | Study ofMDM2 and SUMOl expression in actinic cheilitis and lip cancer显示文摘 | Oliverira Alves MG da Mota Delgado A Balducci I | 2014 | Arch Dermatol Res2014，306，9： | 1 |
| 12 | Ochratoxin A in some Portuguese wines: method validation and screening in Port wine and Vinho Verde显示文摘 | Festas I Herbert P Santos L Cabral M Barros P Alves A | 2000 | American Journal of Enology and Viticulture2000，51，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Helico- bacter pylori induces increased expression of Toll-like receptors and decreased Toll-interacting protein in gastric mucosa that per- sists throughout gastric carcinogenesis显示文摘 | Pimentel-Nunes P Gon~alves N Boal-Carvalho I | 2013 | Helicobacter2013，18，： | 1 |
| 14 | Cream cheese as a symbiotic food carrier using B ifidobacterium animalis B b‐12 and L actobacillus acidophilus L a‐5 and inulin显示文摘 | Larissa L Alves Neila S P S Richards Paula Mattanna Diego F Andrade Adriano P S Rezer Liana I G Milani Adriano G Cruz José A F Faria | 2012 | Int J Dairy Technol2012，，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Bubble size in aerated stirred tanks 显示文摘 | ALVES S S MAIAC I VASCONCELOS J M T SERRALHEIRO A J | 2002 | Chemical Engineering Journal2002，89，： | 1 |
| 16 | Well-defined meso- porosity on lignocellulosic-derived activated carbons 显示文摘 | Ana S A Maraisa G Alves T I | 2012 | Carbon2012，50，： | 1 |
| 17 | Non-water-stressed baselines for irrigation scheduling with infrared thermometers显示文摘 | Pereira LS | 2000 | A new approach Irrig sci2000，，19： | 1 |
| 18 | FOXMlc transactivates the human c-myc promoter directly via the two TATA boxes P1 and P2显示文摘 | Wierstra I Alves J | 2006 | FEBS J2006，273，20： | 1 |
| 19 | Uncertainty in the Quantification of Pentachlorophenol in Wood Processing Wastewaters by SPME-GC-MS显示文摘 | Brts I Ratola N Alves A | 2011 | J Anal Chem2011，6，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Assessment of trace metals contamination in estuarine sediments using a sequen- tial extraction technique and principal component analysis 显示文摘 | PASSOS E D A ALVES J C SANTOS I S D | 2010 | Microchemical Journal2010，96，1： | 1 |
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