| 1 | Effects of cellulase and xylanase enzymes mixed with increasing doses of Salix babylonica extract on in vitro rumen gas production kinetics of a mixture of corn silage with concentrate显示文摘An in vitro gas production(GP) technique was used to investigate the effects of combining different doses of Salix babylonica extract(SB) with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes(EZ) based on xylanase(X) and cellulase(C), or their mixture(XC; 1:1 v/v) on in vitro fermentation characteristics of a total mixed ration of corn silage and concentrate mixture(50:50, w/w) as substrate. Four levels of SB(0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 m L g–1 dry matter(DM)) and four supplemental styles of EZ(1 μL g–1 DM; control(no enzymes), X, C and XC(1:1, v/v) were used in a 4×4 factorial arrangement. In vitro GP(m L g–1 DM) were recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h of incubation. After 72 h, the incubation process was stopped and supernatant p H was determined, and then filtered to determine dry matter degradability(DMD). Fermentation parameters, such as the 24 h gas yield(GY24), in vitro organic matter digestibility(OMD), metabolizable energy(ME), short chain fatty acid concentrations(SCFA), and microbial crude protein production(MCP) were also estimated. Results indicated that there was a SB?EZ interaction(P<0.0001) for the asymptotic gas production(b), the rate of gas production(c), GP from 6 to 72 h, GP2(P=0.0095), and GP4(P=0.02). The SB and different combination of enzymes supplementation influenced(P<0.001) in vitro GP parameters after 12 h of incubation; the highest doses of SB(i.e., 1.8 m L g–1 DM), in the absence of any EZ, quadratically increased(P<0.05) the initial delay before GP begins(L) and GP at different incubation times, with lowering b(quadratic effect, P<0.0001) and c(quadratic effect, P<0.0001; linear effect, P=0.0018). The GP was the lowest(P<0.05) when the highest SB level was combined with cellulose. There were SB?EZ interactions(P<0.001) for OMD, ME, the partitioning factor at 72 h of incubation(PF72), GY24, SCFA, MCP(P=0.0143), and p H(P=0.0008). The OMD, ME, GY24 and SCFA with supp lementation of SB extract at 1.8 m L g–1 DM were higher(P<0.001) than the other treatments, however,PF72 was lower(quadratic effect, P=0.0194) than the other levels. Both C and X had no effect(P>0.05) on OMD, p H, ME, GY24, SCFA and MP. The combination of SB with EZ increased(P<0.001) OMD, ME, SCFA, PF72 and GP24, whereas there was no impact on p H. It could be concluded that addition of SB extract, C, and X effectively improved the in vitro rumen fermentation, and the combination of enzyme with SB extract at the level of 1.2 m L g–1 was more effective than the other treatments. | Abdelfattah Z M Salem German Buendía-Rodríguez Mona M M Elghandour María A Mariezcurrena Berasain Francisco J Pea Jiménez Alberto B Pliego Juan C V Chagoyán María A Cerrillo Miguel A Rodríguez | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，1： | 4 |
| 10 | 临床怀疑深静脉血栓形成病人的压迫超声诊断:前瞻性队列研究显示文摘目的:评价临床上怀疑为深静脉血栓形成但压迫超声显像所见正常病人不给予肝素治疗的安全性。设计:根据一种简化的程序来做压迫超声显像,超声显像的部位限于3处,即腹股沟部的股总静脉、腘静脉及胭静脉远端小腿静脉的分叉部位。初诊时超声显像为正常的病人1周后再重复检查1次。评价结果的标准:对于临床上怀疑为深静脉血栓形成的病人,凡是间隔1周两次超声显像均正常者则不予以肝素治疗,随访6个月,统计在这段时间内静脉血栓栓塞合并症的发生率。参加单位:四所大学附属医院的研究中心。结果:本研究共包括1702名病人,第一次检查发现400名血栓形成者,第二次检查又发现12名,因此用超声诊断方法在该1702名临床上怀疑为深静脉血栓形成的病人中确诊了412例,占24%。全组病人均获得随访,在两次 B 超检查之间,有1例发生了静脉血栓性栓塞的合并症,在6个月随访期间又有8例,所以累计发生率为0.7%(95%可信限为0.3%~1.2%),登门随访及补做检查的次数为平均每例0.8次。结论:对于临床上怀疑为深静脉血栓形成的病人,若连续两次压迫超声检查均为正常者,不给予肝素治疗是安全的。 | Alberto Cogo Anthonie W A Lensing Maria M W Koopman Franco Piovella Sergio Siragusa Philip S Wells Sabina Villalta Harry R Bller Alexander G G Turpie Paolo Prandoni 冷希圣 | 1998 | 英国医学杂志中文版1998，0，1： | 1 |
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