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| 1 | Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle显示文摘In a conventional flat plate solar cell under direct sunlight,light is received from the solar disk,but is re-emitted isotropically.This isotropic emission corresponds to a significant entropy increase in the solar cell,with a corresponding drop in efficiency.Here,using a detailed balance model,we show that limiting the emission angle of a high-quality GaAs solar cell is a feasible route to achieving power conversion efficiencies above 38%with a single junction.The highest efficiencies are predicted for a thin,light trapping cell with an ideal back reflector,though the scheme is robust to a non-ideal back reflector.Comparison with a conventional planar cell geometry illustrates that limiting emission angle in a light trapping geometry not only allows for much thinner cells,but also for significantly higher overall efficiencies with an excellent rear reflector.Finally,we present ray-tracing and detailed balance analysis of two angular coupler designs,show that significant efficiency improvements are possible with these couplers,and demonstrate initial fabrication of one coupler design. | Emily D Kosten Jackson H Atwater James Parsons Albert Polman Harry A Atwater | 2013 | Light(Science & Applications)2013，2，1： | 9 |
| 2 | GABAergic inhibitory neurons as therapeutic targets for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia显示文摘精神分裂症首先被看作认知混乱。然而,在精神分裂症的功能的结果被有效药理学和 psychosocial 干预的缺乏为认知缺陷限制。伽马氨基丁酸( gamma-aminobutyric 酸) interneurons 是在中央神经系统( CNS )的主要禁止的神经原,并且他们包括外皮、海马趾的神经电路和活动的调整在许多 pathophysiological 过程起一个关键作用,认知功能相关的神经摆动(例如, gamma 摆动)并且信息集成并且处理。不正常的伽马氨基丁酸 interneuron 活动能破坏有刺激性 / 禁止(E/I ) 在外皮平衡,它能代表在精神分裂症位于认知机能障碍下面的核心 pathophysiological 机制。最近的研究建议 GABAergic 系统的选择调整是为联系精神分裂症的认知缺点的处理的有希望的干预。在这评论,我们总结了证据从验尸并且为在精神分裂症的反常 GABAergic neurotransmission 的动物研究,并且怎么改变了伽马氨基丁酸 interneurons,能破坏 neuronal 摆动。下次,我们全身地考察了许多新子类型选择的收缩筋,对手,为 5/3/2 伽马氨基丁酸 和伽马氨基丁酸 B 受体,并且在动物总结了他们的支持 cognitive 效果行为的测试和临床的审判。最后,我们也讨论各种各样的代表性的 histone deacetylases (HDAC ) 通过 epigenetic 调整,伽马氨基丁酸 prodrug 和 presynaptic 指向伽马氨基丁酸系统的禁止者伽马氨基丁酸 transporter 禁止者。这评论为更有效的处理的开发在当前的潜在的联系伽马氨基丁酸的治疗和未来卓见上提供重要信息。 | Meng-yi XU Albert H C WONG | 2018 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2018，39，5： | 7 |
| 3 | Acute pancreatitis in aging animals:Loss of pancreatitis-associated protein protection?显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of age on severity of acute pancreatitis(AP) using biochemical markers,histology and expression of the protective pancreatitisassociated proteins(PAPs).METHODS:AP was induced via intraductal injection of 4% sodium taurocholate in young and old rats.Sera and pancreata were assayed at 24 h for the parameters listed above;we also employed a novel molecular technique to assess bacterial infiltration using polymerase chain reaction to measure bacterial genomic ribosomal RNA.RESULTS:At 24 h after induction of AP,the pancreata of older animals had less edema(mean ± SE histologic score of young vs old:3.11 ± 0.16 vs 2.50 ±-0.11,P < 0.05),decreased local inflammatory response(histologic score of stromal infiltrate:3.11 ± 0.27 vs 2.00 ± 0.17,P < 0.05) and increased bacterial infiltration(174% ± 52% increase from sham vs 377% ± 4%,P < 0.05).A decreased expression of PAP1 and PAP2 was demonstrated by Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemical staining.There were no differences in serum amylase and lipase activity,or tissue myeloperoxidase or monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels.However,in the most-aged group,serum C-reactive protein levels were higher(young vs old:0.249 ± 0.04 mg/dL vs 2.45 ± 0.68 mg/dL,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:In older animals,there is depressed PAP expression related to a blunted inflammatory response in AP which is associated with worsened bacterial infiltration and higher C-reactive protein level;this may explain the more aggressive clinical course. | Sophia Fu Albert Stanek Cathy M Mueller Nefertti A Brown Chongmin Huan Martin H Bluth Michael E Zenilman | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 5 |
| 4 | Inhibition of the G9a/GLP histone methyltransferase complex modulates anxiety-related behavior in mice显示文摘Epigenetic 基因规定畸形包括精神分裂症和消沉在各种各样的 neuropsychiatric 混乱,以及在心情和焦虑的规定被含有。另外, epigenetic 机制涉及精神病学的药的行动。当前的 anxiolytic 药有新药的重要缺点,和开发被保证。二蛋白质, G9a (也作为 EHMT2 或 KMT1C 知道) 并且 GLP (象 G9a 一样蛋白质,也作为 EHMT1 或 KMT1D 知道) ,它甲醇化物离氨酸 9 histone H3 (H3K9 ) ,能正在答应 anxiolytic 目标。G9a 的出生后的基因大美人减少焦虑相关的行为,与由过去常对待焦虑(amitriptyline, imipramine 和 paroxetine ) 的一些药的 G9a 层次的减小一致。相反地,在有 GLP haplodeficiency 的老鼠有增加的像焦虑的行为。我们寻求了决定是否 G9a/GLP, UNC0642 和 A-366 的二个药理学禁止者,将有类似的效果到基因 G9a/GLP 不足。当予成年老鼠以时,我们发现有任何一个化合物的 G9a/GLP 抑制减少了像焦虑的行为,与在大脑的减少的 H3K9 methylation 一起。相反,到这些的暴露从胚胎的白天加重(E9.5 ) 9.5 增加了像焦虑的行为直到出生并且减少在成人生活的社会相互作用,当 H3K9 methylation 在在成年老鼠的大脑的正常层次时。这些调查结果增强 G9a/GLP 在大脑开发的不同阶段在像焦虑的行为上有不同效果的基因证据,并且建议指向这条 histone methyltransferase 小径能为开发新 anxiolytic 药是有用的。这些数据也建议在 utero 的抗抑郁剂暴露能在成人生活有否定效果,并且这些效果的进一步的调查被保证。 | Dong-yao WANG Joel KOSOWAN James SAMSOM Laura LEUNG Kai-lai ZHANG Ying-xiang LI Yan XIONG Jian JIN Arturas PETRONIS Gabriel OH Albert H C WONG | 2018 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2018，39，5： | 4 |
| 5 | Pyruvate-fortified resuscitation stabilizes cardiac electrical activity and energy metabolism during hypovolemia显示文摘AIM: To test the hypothesis that fluid resuscitation with Ringer's solution enriched with pyruvate(PR), a physiological antioxidant and energy substrate, affords protection of myocardial metabolism and electrophysiological performance superior to lactated Ringer's(LR) during hypovolemia and hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion.METHODS: Male domestic goats(25-30 kg) were exsanguinated to a mean arterial pressure of 48 ± 1 mm Hg. Right hindlimb ischemia was imposed for 90 min by applying a tourniquet and femoral crossclamp. LR or PR, infused iv, delivered 0.05 mmol/kg per minute L-lactate or pyruvate, respectively, from 30 min hindlimb ischemia until 30 min post-ischemia. Time controls(TC) underwent neither hemorrhage, hindlimb ischemia nor resuscitation. Goats were sacrificed and left ventricular myocardium biopsied at 90 min fluid resuscitation(n = 6 per group) or 3.5 h later(n = 9 LR, 10 PR, 8 TC).RESULTS: Myocardial 8-isoprostane content, phosphocreatine phosphorylation potential, creatine kinase activity, and heart rate-adjusted QT interval(QTc) vari- ability were evaluated at 90 min resuscitation and 3.5 h post-resuscitation. PR sharply lowered pro-arrhythmic QTc variability vs LR(P < 0.05); this effect persisted 3.5 h post-resuscitation. PR lowered myocardial 8-isoprostane content, a product of oxidative stress, by 39 and 37% during and 3.5 h after resuscitation, respectively, vs LR. Creatine kinase activity fell 42% post-LR vs TC(P < 0.05), but was stable post-PR(P < 0.02 vs post-LR). PR doubled phosphocreatine phosphorylation potential, a measure of ATP free energy state, vs TC and LR(P < 0.05); this energetic enhancement persisted 3.5 h post-resuscitation.CONCLUSION: By augmenting myocardial energy state and protecting creatine kinase activity, pyruvateenriched resuscitation stabilized cardiac electrical function during central hypovolemia and hindlimb ischemiareperfusion. | Hunaid A Gurji Daniel W White Besim Hoxha Jie Sun Albert H Olivencia-Yurvati Robert T Mallet | 2013 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2013，2，4： | 3 |
| 6 | Chronic antiepileptic drug use and functional network efficiency: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study显示文摘AIM To increase our insight in the neuronal mechanisms underlying cognitive side-effects of antiepileptic drug(AED) treatment.METHODS The relation between functional magnetic resonance-acquired brain network measures, AED use, and cognitive function was investigated. Three groups of patients with epilepsy with a different risk profile for developing cognitive side effects were included: A 'low risk' category(lamotrigine or levetiracetam, n=16), an 'intermediate risk' category(carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, or valproate, n=34) and a 'high risk' category(topiramate, n=5). Brain connectivity was assessed using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and graph theoretical network analysis. The Computerized Visual Searching Task was used to measure central information processing speed, a common cognitive side effect of AED treatment. RESULTS Central information processing speed was lower in patients taking AEDs from the intermediate and high risk categories, compared with patients from the low risk category. The effect of risk category on global efficiency was significant(P < 0.05, ANCOVA), with a significantly higher global efficiency for patient from the low category compared with the high risk category(P < 0.05, post-hoc test). Risk category had no significant effect on the clustering coefficient(ANCOVA, P > 0.2). Also no significant associations between information processing speed and global efficiency or the clustering coefficient(linear regression analysis, P > 0.15) were observed. CONCLUSION Only the four patients taking topiramate show aberrant network measures, suggesting that alterations in functional brain network organization may be only subtle and measureable in patients with more severe cognitive side effects. | Tamar M van Veenendaal Dominique M IJff Albert P Aldenkamp Richard H C Lazeron Paul A M Hofman Anton J A de Louw Walter H Backes Jacobus F A Jansen | 2017 | World Journal of Radiology2017，9，6： | 2 |
| 7 | 遗传性肥胖与心房颤动的关系显示文摘观察性研究已经确定了体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)与心房颤动之间的关联。然而,从观察性研究中推断因果关系会受到混杂因素、逆因果关系和偏倚的影响。该研究的主要目的是应用BMI的遗传学预测因子评估BMI与心房颤动之间的因果关系。方法:纳入1987-2002年期间在美国、冰岛和荷兰实施的7个前瞻性人群队列研究中基线无心房颤动的欧洲血统个体51 646人, | 刘莉 叶鹏 Chatterjee NA Giulianini F Geelhoed B Lunetta KL Misialek JR Niemeijer MN Rienstra M Rose LM Smith AV Arking DE Ellinor PT Heeringa J Lin H Lubitz SA Soliman EZ Verweij N Alonso A Benjamin EJ Gudnason V Stricker BH van der Harst P Chasman DI Albert CM | 2017 | 中华高血压杂志2017，25，2： | 2 |
| 8 | Modeling cardiac arrest and resuscitation in the domestic pig显示文摘Cardiac arrest remains a leading cause of death and permanent disability worldwide. Although many victims are initially resuscitated, they often succumb to the extensive ischemia-reperfusion injury inflicted on the internal organs, especially the brain. Cardiac arrest initiates a complex cellular injury cascade encompassing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, Ca2+ overload, ATP depletion, pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal glutamate excitotoxity, which injures and kills cells, compromises function of internal organs and ignites a destructive systemic inflammatory response. The sheer complexity and scope of this cascade challenges the development of experimental models of and effective treatments for cardiac arrest. Many experimental animal preparations have been developed to decipher the mechanisms of damage to vital internal organs following cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR), and to develop treatments to interrupt the lethal injury cascades. Porcine models of cardiac arrest and resuscitation offer several important advantages over other species, and outcomes in this large animal are readily translated to the clinical setting. This review summarizes porcine cardiac arrest-CPR models reported in the literature, describes clinically relevant phenomena observed during cardiac arrest and resuscitation in pigs, and discusses numerous methodological considerations in modeling cardiac arrest/CPR. Collectively, published reports show the domestic pig to be a suitable large animal model of cardiac arrest which is responsive to CPR, defibrillatory countershocks and medications, and yields extensive information to foster advances in clinical treatment of cardiac arrest. | Brandon H Cherry Anh Q Nguyen Roger A Hollrah Albert H Olivencia-Yurvati Robert T Mallet | 2015 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2015，4，1： | 2 |
| 9 | Kontrastmittelsonografie bei B-Bild-morphologisch unklaren Leberraumforderungen – Diagnostische Treffsicherheit im klinischen Alltag (DEGUM-Multicenter – Studie)显示文摘 | D Strobel K Seitz W Blank A Schuler C Dietrich A Herbay M Friedrich-Rust G Kunze D Becker U Will W Kratzer F Albert C Pachmann K Dirks H Strunk C Greis T Bernatik | 2008 | Ultraschall in Med2008，，05： | 2 |
| 10 | An Electrophoretic Ink for All-printed Reflective Electronic Displays显示文摘 | Barrett C Albert J D Yoshizawa H | 1998 | Nature1998，394，16： | 1 |
| 11 | Achieving Effective Implementation and Evaluation of a Collaborative Land Use Planning Process显示文摘 | Albert Karin H Thomas I Gunton J C Day | 2004 | Environments2004，31，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Returns to research and development in Chinese industry:Evidence from state-owned enterprises in Beijing显示文摘 | ALBERT G HU GARY H J | 2004 | China Economic Review2004，15，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Evolution of the socialnetwork of scientific collaborations显示文摘 | Barabási A L Albert R Jeong H | 1999 | Physical A1999，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Mean-field theory for scale-free random networks显示文摘 | Barabási A L Albert R Jeong H | 1999 | Physica A1999，，272： | 1 |
| 15 | Structural Requirements of the Fructan-Lipid Interaction 显示文摘 | Ingrid J V J Albert van kuik Toon H E | 2003 | Biophysical Journal2003，84，： | 1 |
| 16 | Ultracaine in conventional operative dentistry显示文摘 | Lemay H Albert G Helie P | 1984 | Can Dent Assoc J1984，50，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Conformal Finite-Difference time-domain (FDTD) with overlapping grids显示文摘 | K S Yee Jei Shuan Chen and Albert H Chang | 1992 | IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation1992，40，9： | 1 |
| 18 | Pancreatic cancer detection with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography:a prospective controlled study显示文摘 | Adamek H E Albert J Breer H | 2000 | Lancet2000，356，9225： | 1 |
| 19 | Power-law distribution of the world wide web显示文摘 | BARABASI A L ALBERT R JEONG H | 2000 | Science2000，287，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke : a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Coun- cil, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Inter- vention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists 显示文摘 | Adams H P Jr del-Zoppo G Alberts M J | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，5： | 1 |
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