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| 1 | An Eperimental Study on the Transplantation of Human Fetal Brain Cells into Monkey Models of Parkinson's Disease.显示文摘Unilateral administration of methly-phenyl-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) into the common carotid | Liu Zhengou, et al. Dept Neur Ruijin, Hospital. Shanghai Second Med Uni, Shanghai 200025, Chin J Neuro Psych 1994 | 1995 | Chinese Medical Journal1995，，2： | 34 |
| 2 | Corporate Governance and Accounting Conservatism in China显示文摘A principal-agent relationship exists among creditors,shareholders and management,and information asymmetry among them leads to asymmetric loss functions,which induces conservative accounting.This paper investigates the determinants of accounting conservatism using accrual-based measures and data from 2001 to 2006 in China.We find that a higher degree of leverage,lower level of control of ultimate shareholders and lower level of management ownership lead to more conservative financial reporting.We also find that political concerns and pressures among state-owned enterprises are greater than those among non-state owned enterprises,which leads to more conservative financial reporting among the former.However,a decrease in such concerns leads to a decrease in accounting conservatism.Overall,we find that among the determinants of conservatism in China,debt is the most important,followed by ownership,and that board has little influence. | Donglin Xia Song Zhu | 2009 | China Journal of Accounting Research2009，，2： | 6 |
| 3 | The Seasonal Climatic Simulation of 9000 Years before Present by Using the IAP Atmospheric General Circulation Model显示文摘The seasonal cycle of the climate of 9000 years before present was simulated with the IAP two-level atmospheric general circulation model. The incoming solar radiation was specified from the orbital parameters for 9000 years ago. The boundary conditions of that time were prescribed to the present value because of the small differences between the two. The change in radiation makes temperature to be higher in summer and lower in winter over large areas of the land; and the increased temperature contrast between the land and the ocean strengthens the summer monsoon circulation and increases the precipitation over there. The asymmetry of temperature change between the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere and between summer and winter still exists, which agrees with that get from the previous perpetual experiments. | 王会军 | 1992 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences1992，9，4： | 5 |
| 4 | Information asymmetry, mutual funds and earnings management: Evidence from China显示文摘This paper investigates how information asymmetry and mutual fund ownership affect listed companies' earnings management. We show that(1) reducing information asymmetry improves firms' earnings management behavior;(2)relative to short-term mutual funds, long-term mutual funds promote earnings quality by adopting a monitoring role; and(3) by dividing firms into high/low information asymmetry groups, we find that the information environment significantly increases the effect of long-term mutual funds on firms' earnings management. In this paper, we provide new evidence for the role that institutional investors play in a typical emerging capital market. Our results have clear policy implications: to increase earnings quality, it is essential to improve information transparency and develop long-term institutional investors. | Yunhao Dai Dongmin Kong Li Wang | 2013 | China Journal of Accounting Research2013，，3： | 5 |
| 5 | POWER FLOW ANALYSIS FOR THE FINITE CONTINUOUS ISOLATION SYSTEMS显示文摘A universal expression for the transmitted power to the flexible foundation via the finite continuous isolation system of asymmetry is derived where the concept of effective mobility for the coupled system with continuous contact points is put forward. On the basis of the theoretic calculation and analysis, effects of structure parameters of the system on the power flow transmission as well as on the isolation efficiency are fully investigated. | Mao Yinghong,Song Kongjie,Sun Yuguo (Institute of Sound and Vibration , Shandong University) | 2001 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2001，14，3： | 3 |
| 6 | A study on vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials via galvanic vestibular stimulation in normal people显示文摘Objectives: The aim of our study is to examine vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs) elicited by the galvanic vestibular stimulation in the sternocleidomastoid muscle(SCM) in healthy subjects for clinical applications of auditory neuropathy or vestibular neuropathy in the future.Methods: We enrolled sixteen healthy subjects to record the average responses of SCM to galvanic vestibular stimulation(GVS) [current 3 mA;duration 1 ms] by electromyography(EMG). SPSS 18.0 software was used to analyze the obtained data for mean and standard deviation.Results: In all healthy subjects mastoid-forehead galvanic vestibular stimulation produced a positive-negative biphasic EMG responses on SCM ipsilateral to the cathodal electrode. The latency of p13 was 11.7 ± 3.0 ms. The latency of n23 was 17.8 ± 3.4 ms. The amplitude of p13-n23 was147.0 ± 69.0 μV. The interaural asymmetry ratio(AR) of p13, n23 latency and the amplitude was respectively 0.12 ± 0.09, 0.08 ± 0.08 and0.16 ± 0.10.Discussions: Galvanic vestibular stimulation could elicit biphasic EMG responses from SCM via the vestibular nerve but not from the otolith organs. Galvanic stimulation together with air conducted sound(ACS) or bone conducted vibration(BCV) can elicit VEMPs and may enable the differentiation of retrolabyrinthine lesions from labyrinthine lesions in vestibular system. | Ying Cheng Yusuke Kimura Kimitaka Kaga | 2018 | Journal of Otology2018，13，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Asymmetry in the Arctic Oscillation Teleconnection with January Cold Extremes in Northeast China显示文摘The connection of the Arctic Oscillation(AO)with the frequency of temperature extremes over East Asia during boreal winter has been documented by many studies.This study describes an asymmetry in the relationship between the January AO and the simultaneous cold extremes in Northeast China(NEC),and further reveals a breakdown of this relationship.It is demonstrated that the frequency of January cold extremes in NEC shows significant(insignificant)negative correlation with the simultaneous negative(positive)phase of the AO.One possible explanation for such an asymmetry is that the Arctic center of negative AO extends more southwards to Siberia compared with that of positive AO,conducive to a closer connection with the frequency of an extreme Siberian high.As a result,the frequency of January cold extremes in NEC shows a more significant relationship with the negative AO.The other related explanation is that,concurrent with the negative phase of the AO,there is an evident meridional stationary planetary wave in the upper troposphere around(30°N,100–300 hP a),which disappears in the positive AO.Therefore,the negative AO could better reflect the fluctuation of the subtropical westerly wind and the synoptic-scale transient wave activity,which is closely related to the frequency of cold extremes in NEC.Along with a positive polarity of the AO trend since the mid-1980s,the connection between the cold extremes over NEC and the AO during January has been weakened. | HE Sheng-Ping | 2015 | Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters2015，8，6： | 3 |
| 8 | Distribution of central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in emmetropic eyes of healthy children of Palestine: a representative cross-sectional study显示文摘AIM: To determine the distributions of central corneal thickness(CCT) and intraocular pressure(IOP) in emmetropic eyes of healthy children of Palestine.METHODS: This representative cross sectional study included a total of 1156 eyes from 578 healthy school children aged 7-15 y. Inclusion criteria included emmetropia, no previous history of ocular or systemic diseases, no previous history of contact lens use, and the availability of both eyes. CCT and IOP were measured using ultrasound pachymeter and Goldmann applanation tonometer, respectively. The relationship of the results with age and gender was investigated.RESULTS: The mean age of school children was 11.13±2.8 y. Mean CCT was 542.2±37.4 and 544.3±39.2 μm for right and left eyes, respectively. Mean IOP was 12.5±2.2 and 12.3±2.2 mm Hg for right and left eyes, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between CCT and IOP of the right eye(P<0.001, R=0.358) and CCT and IOP of the left eye(P<0.001, R=0.324). No significant differences were observed in CCT and IOP due to age or gender(P>0.05). There were significant differences in mean CCT and IOP between right and left eyes(P=0.004, P=0.001, respectively).CONCLUSION: A population profile of CCT and IOP is established in Palestinian children for the first time. Mean CCT is comparable to some studies but differ from others. Mean IOP is considerably lower than that of majority children of other ethnic groups. Intereye difference of more than 36 μm in CCT, and 5 mm Hg in IOP should prompt evaluation for potential ocular disorders. | Hamed Tm Alkhodari | 2019 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2019，12，3： | 3 |
| 9 | Entire Solutions for Nonlocal Dispersal Equations with Bistable Nonlinearity: Asymmetric Case显示文摘This paper mainly focuses on the entire solutions of a nonlocal dispersal equation with asymmetric kernel and bistable nonlinearity. Compared with symmetric case, the asymmetry of the dispersal kernel function makes more diverse types of entire solutions since it can affect the sign of the wave speeds and the symmetry of the corresponding nonincreasing and nondecreasing traveling waves.We divide the bistable case into two monostable cases by restricting the range of the variable, and obtain some merging-front entire solutions which behave as the coupling of monostable and bistable waves. Before this, we characterize the classification of the wave speeds so that the entire solutions can be constructed more clearly. Especially, we investigate the influence of the asymmetry of the kernel on the minimal and maximal wave speeds. | Li ZHANG Wan Tong LI Zhi Cheng WANG Yu Juan SUN | 2019 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series2019，35，11： | 3 |
| 10 | Stability characteristics of the open channel flow above the asymmetrical irregular sand ripples显示文摘Sandy bed cannot keep its original smoothness as the flows pass. With the increase of the flow intensity, the bed forms will appear as sand ripples and dune in turn. Among these morphologies, the sand ripple scale is the smallest, which is generally symmetrical when it just appears, but as time goes on, the asymmetrical form gradually develops. Just because of this sand ripples asymmetry, it manifests the influence of the flow on the bed morphology and also the impact on the laminar flow dynamical process, especially the stability characteristics. The stability features of laminar flow on open channels with the asymmetrical sand ripples are discussed, and also the results on the symmetrical sand ripples are compared in detail. | XU HaiJue & BAI YuChuan* Institute for Sedimentation River and Coastal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，8： | 3 |
| 11 | Ground magnetic characteristics of the storm-time ring current Asymmetry显示文摘Using the minute data of the H component of geomagnetic field from the 20°E magnetic meridian chain and the 30°N magnetic latitudinal chain, the temporal evolution characteristics of the equatorial ring current during the storm on November 7-10, 2004 are studied. It is indicated that the UT-MLT and UT-MLAT graphics extremely exhibit the local time distribution, latitudinal variation and temporal evo- lution of the H component. The results show: (1) The UT-MLT contour clearly shows the increasing of the H component mostly around noon during the initial phase, representing the geomagnetic effect from the magnetopause current system. During the main phase, most negative values of the H com- ponent appear around the dusk-side, indicating the dawn-dusk asymmetric distribution of the ring cur- rent. (2) The contour of UT-MLAT suggests the latitudinal variation of the H component decreasing with the enhancement of the latitudes during geomagnetic storm, which is in good agreement with the Dst index. The latitudinal variations provide a new sight for describing the temporal characteristics of the intensity of the storm-time ring current. (3) Both the contours of UT-MLT and UT-MLAT are useful to monitor the space-time distribution of the equatorial ring current. | WU YingYan XU WenYao CHEN GengXiong CHEN Bo LIU XiaoCan | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，5： | 3 |
| 12 | ASYMMETRIC INNER CORE CONVECTION LEADING TO TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION显示文摘One of the predictors used to forecast the rapid intensification of Tropical Cyclones(RI) is the symmetry of inner core convection which used infrared(IR) satellite imagery in the determination of this structure. This has led Forecasters and Researchers to conclude the symmetry of inner core convection was an important factor in RI. However we showed here using examples of RI that IR satellite imagery was not always a good guide to determine symmetry of inner core convection especially in the early stages of RI. However it has been previously shown that the heat released in these highly asymmetric convective bands may be transformed into the kinetic energy of the quasi-symmetric wind field and the available potential energy associated with the warm core. One of the most rapid RI cases had asymmetric inner core convection early in a six hour period where the Central Pressure dropped 29 h Pa and the sustained wind speed increased by 55 knots(28.3 ms-1). In other cases, where there was available inner core data, the inner core convection developed in a region where microwave imagery indicated asymmetric inner core convection. The convection was located where Dropsonde winds and Doppler radar winds from reconnaissance aircraft indicated a warm air advection pattern in that the winds turned anticyclonically with height in the lowest 5 km of the atmosphere. Updrafts from this strong convection near the eye become upward extending centres of cyclonic vorticity and may also produce warming in the eye with adjacent broad subsiding currents. It was shown that models could not forecast the RI of severe tropical cyclone Marcia as recently as February 2015. In this case convection was formed more vigorously on the western flank under the influence of a warm air advection wind pattern and convection remained mostly on this western side as RI proceeded. This process needs to be understood on its influence on the models failing to forecast RI. Rare Doppler wind of Hurricane Hermine showed the wind structure as a band a convection on the storm's eastern flank rapidly transformed into circular bands of convection as warm air advection winds increased around the inner core. | JEFF CALLAGHAN | 2017 | Tropical Cyclone Research and Review2017，6，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Divergent synthesis of four isomers of 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct-2-enoic acid,esters and evaluation for the antifungal activity显示文摘The four isomers of 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct-2-enoic acid 2 were synthesized via the selective direct Sharpless asymmetry dihydroxylation of geraniol as the key step in 35.0%-48.0% overall yields with91.9%-97.7% ee values for esters 4 and 31,3%-36.4% overall yields with 90.3-97.5% ee values for acids 2 using cis-and trans-geraniol as raw materials. Their structures were characterized by ~1H, ^(13)C NMR and HR-ESI-MS data. The in vivo bioassay results showed that the chiral acid(Z, S)-2 was a good lead compound with 80%-100% inhibitory rates against P. cubensis, E. graminis, P. sorghi and C. gloeosporioides at the concentration of 400 μg/mL. | Weiwei Wang Xiaoteng Zhang Yu Zhao Xinlei Liu Zhenhua Zhang Ming'an Wang | 2018 | Chinese Chemical Letters2018，29，12： | 2 |
| 14 | Asymmetric Regulation System Fit for Chinese Telecom Market显示文摘After the new round of restructuring of Chinese telecom sector,it's pressing to formulate and implement asymmetric regulation policies so as to shape an effectively competitive market structure in a relatively short term.This paper reviewed the asymmetric regulation policies and practices carried out in foreign telecom market,and then according to the specific situations of Chinese telecom market,proposed the principles and corresponding policies for establishing an asymmetric regulation system fit for Chinese telecom market. | Shi Wei Zhao Xuefeng Ma Conghui | 2008 | China Communications2008，5，3： | 2 |
| 15 | Inversion of the asymmetry factor for desert areas of China显示文摘Deserts,which have high surface albedo and wide area,are important components of the earth system.It is very important for the research of surface radiation and energy balance to understand the anisotropic scattering of desert areas.The emergence and development of multi-angle remote sensing made possible the inversion of the anisotropic scattering of desert areas at the regional or global scale.Firstly,this paper explored the accuracy of the inversion of asymmetry factor using the Hapke model and the simulated single-and multi-phase MISR data.Based on the results,the asymmetry factor of representative surface of desert areas in northwestern China was retrieved.The values of the asymmetry factor retrieved from MISR data were compared with the values retrieved from the laboratory data.The results showed that the single-phase MISR data could be used for the inversion of asymmetry parameter of desert areas.The sign of the asymmetry parameter for the laboratory measurements was positive,which suggests that the surface of laboratory samples is forward scattering.The sign of the asymmetry parameter for MISR data was negative;that is,it is backscattering.The values of the asymmetry parameters retrieved from MISR data were related to the character of the land surface.At Loulan,where the surface was smoother than other sites,retrieved values exhibited the largest negative values of asymmetry factor,suggesting the strongest backscattering.The sand dune area of the Kumtag Desert,which has the greatest roughness,had only slightly negative asymmetry factor values.These findings indicated that at the sensor scale,a rough surface(e.g.,dunes) does not necessarily mean more backscattering than a smooth surface.This finding has significant implications for empirical methods(e.g.,using the normalized index of backward-scattered radiance minus forward-scattered radiance as an indicator of surface roughness),which should be used carefully for analyzing surface roughness from the remote sensing data. | WU YunZhao LU HuaYu LIU Qiang | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，4： | 2 |
| 16 | Timing the market: the economic value of price extremes显示文摘By decomposing asset returns into potential maximum gain(PMG)and potential maximum loss(PML)with price extremes,this study empirically investigated the relationships between PMG and PML.We found significant asymmetry between PMG and PML.PML significantly contributed to forecasting PMG but not vice versa.We further explored the power of this asymmetry for predicting asset returns and found it could significantly improve asset return predictability in both in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting.Investors who incorporate this asymmetry into their investment decisions can get substantial utility gains.This asymmetry remains significant even when controlling for macroeconomic variables,technical indicators,market sentiment,and skewness.Moreover,this asymmetry was found to be quite general across different countries. | Haibin Xie Shouyang Wang | 2018 | Financial Innovation2018，4，1： | 2 |
| 17 | GLOBAL SEISMOTECTONIC SYSTEMS AND THE EARTH'S ASYMMETRY显示文摘This paper mainly discusses the relation between global seismotectonic systems and asymmetric geodynamic systems. Global seismotectonic systems may be divided into three asymmetric I-Scale systems: the circum-Pacific seismotectonic system, the oceanic ridge seismotectonic system, and the continental seismotectonic system in the Northern Hemiaphere. Global asymmetry is also indicated by the asymmetry between the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, the asymmetry between the Atlantic and Pacific Hemispheres, and the asymmetry between the east and west of meridioual tectonics. Global asymmetric geodynamic systems may be composed of meridional convection, latitudinal convection, and inertia flow resulting from the variation of the Earth’s rotational velocity. These geodynamic systems constitute the dynamic background of global asymmetry and control the frameworks of global seismotectonic systems. | 马宗晋 陈强 | 1990 | Science China Chemistry1990，33，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Model for Asymmetry of Shock/Boundary Layer Interactions in Nozzle Flows显示文摘The reason for the asymmetry phenomenon of shock/boundary layer interactions(SBLI)in a completely symmetric nozzle with symmetric flow conditions is still an open question.A model for the asymmetry of nozzle flows was proposed based on the properties of fluid entrainment in the mixing layer and momentum conservation.The asymmetry model is deduced based on the nozzle flow with restricted shock separation,and is still applicable for free shock separation.Flow deflection angle at nozzle exit is deduced from this model.Steady numerical simulations are conducted to model the asymmetry of the SBLIs in a planar convergent-divergent nozzle tested by previous researchers.The obtained values of deflection angle based on the numerical results of forced symmetric nozzle flows can judge the asymmetry of flows in a nozzle at some operations.It shows that the entrainment of shear layer on the separation induced by SBLTs is one of the reasons for the asymmetry in the confined SBLIs. | Wang Chengpeng Zhuo Changfei | 2018 | Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics2018，35，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Tidal Asymmetry Changes in a Shallow Mud Estuary by a Restoration Project显示文摘The tidal asymmetry-induced siltation below tidal barriers is a worldwide problem that restricts regional socio-economic and environmental development. The hydrodynamic processes of the small mud estuary also feature a high uncertainty after estuary restoration measures. In this study, a hydrodynamic model based on the MIKE21 is used to quantify the responses of tidal asymmetry to a two-phase restoration project in Shuanglong Estuary, Bohai Bay, China. According to the numerical modeling results, the tidal flat removal in the upper estuary(first-phase restoration) induces the flood asymmetry switching to the ebb asymmetry in unrestored reach but enhances flood asymmetry in widening restored reach. Although the tidal asymmetry reverts to flood-dominated pattern after full restoration over the estuary, the imbalance between flood and ebb velocities is relieved. A possible net sediment transport pattern based on a comparison of dominant asymmetric current and actual sediment transport period shows net sediments in the upper estuary and inlet transport seaward and landward, respectively, in the first-phase restoration, whereas landward net sediment transport occurs in the whole estuary under the second-phase restoration scenario. Given these results, we assume that a switch from the flood-dominated estuary to ebb-dominated estuary can be caused by redesigning the cross-sectional profile. The quantitative comparison of Lagrangian residual currents also implies that a channel–shoal structure rather than a flat bathymetry can promote the mass transport. Therefore, reshaping the channel–tidal flat system in restoration projects can prevent the sedimentation of the estuary and improve the water environment. | LIANG Huidi KUANG Cuiping GU Jie MA Yue CHEN Kuo LIU Xu | 2019 | Journal of Ocean University of China2019，18，2： | 2 |
| 20 | Asymmetries of Positive Feedback Trading in Individual Stocks:Evidences from China显示文摘The paper investigates the positive feedback trading phenomenon of individual stocks in China’s stock market.Heterogeneous regression models and a non-parametric Sentana-Wadhwani model are developed and applied to prove the existence of rise-favor asymmetric feedback trading.This result is consistent with the reality of China’s stock market,that is,the herding behavior of irrational retail investors has a significant influence on the market.However,the result is in contrast with the stylized findings using market indices.Further empirical research shows that this distinction could be explained by the average effect of indices.The asymmetries of positive feedback trading caused by heterogeneous feedback trading and the uneven distributed retail trading in individual stocks,are covered by the weighted average effect in indices.Therefore,the indices exhibit a different asymmetric pattern from that of individual stocks. | Die Wan Weiyi Liu Junbo Wang Xiaoguang Yang | 2016 | Journal of Management Science and Engineering2016，1，1： | 2 |
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