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| 1 | 循证护理在急性心肌梗死后心律失常患者中的应用显示文摘目的探讨循证护理在急性心肌梗死后心律失常患者中的应用效果,以期促进患者尽快康复。方法选取2010年10月~2011年10月本院住院的符合WHO急性心肌梗死后心律失常标准的患者120例,将其随机分为循证护理组和常规护理组,各60例,常规护理组实施常规护理,循证护理组在常规护理的基础上实施循证护理措施,包括对急性心肌梗死后心律失常的时相分布特征、可控因素、心理干预措施、健康宣教等方面的偱证,用以指导临床护理。比较两组患者心律失常发生率、心功能分级、平均住院时间、平均卧床时间、平均医疗费用、患者健康知识达标率、患者满意度。结果常规护理组心率失常发生率为66.67%,明显高于循证护理组的13.33%,两组比较差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);常规护理组健康知识达标率为71.67%,循证护理组为96.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.43,P<0.05)。两组患者心功能分级比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。循证护理组患者平均住院时间为(11.02±1.01)d、平均住院费用为(5 174.95±612.30)元,均显著低于常规护理组,差异有高度统计学意义(t=13.98、16.12,P<0.01);循证护理组平均卧床时间为(2.96±0.73)d,与常规护理组比较差异有统计学意义(t=7.14,P<0.05)。循证护理组患者满意度为96.67%,高于常规护理组的70.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.06,P<0.05)。结论循证护理可有效降低急性心肌梗死后心律失常的发生,提高患者满意度,促进患者尽快康复。 | 胡静 胡晓娟 | 2012 | 中国医药导报2012，9，13： | 112 |
| 2 | Organ failure associated with severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship between severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and organ failure.METHODS: Clinical data of 74 cases of SAP from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 2002 were retrospectively reviewed, and the relationship between organ failure and age, gender, etiology,extent of necrosis, infection of necrosis and mortality was analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 47 patients (63.5 %) showed organ failure, 20 patients (27.0 %) multiple organ failure, whereas 27 patients (36.5 %) with dysfunction of a single organ system. Pulmonary failure was the most common organ dysfunction (23.0 %) among single organ failures. There were no significant differences in age, gender and gallstone pancreatitis among patients with or without organ failure (P>0.05). The incidence of organ failure in infected necrosis was not higher compared with sterile necrosis, and patients with increased amount of necrosis did not have an increased prevalence of organ failure (P>0.05). Patients with organ failure had a higher mortality rate compared with those without organ failure (P<0.05). The death of SAP was associated with multiple organ failure (P<0.005), pulmonary failure (P<0.005), cardiovascular dysfunction (P<0.05) and gastrointestinal dysfunction (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Organ failure is common in patients with SAP, and patients with multiple organ failure and pulmonary failure have a higher mortality rate. Prevention and active treatment of organ failure can improve the outcome of patients with SAP. | Ai-JunZhu Jing-SenShi Xue-JunSun | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，11： | 66 |
| 3 | Protective effects of rhubarb on experimental severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of rhubarb on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats. METHODS: Severe acute pancreatitis was induced by two intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (40 μg/kg body weight) plus 5-h restraint water-immersion stress. Rhubarb (75-150 mg/kg) was orally fed before the first cerulein injection. The degree of pancreatic edema, serum amylase level, local pancreatic blood flow (PBF), and histological alterations were investigated. The effects of rhubarb on pancreatic exocrine secretion in this model were evaluated by comparing with those of somatostatin. RESULTS: In the Cerulein+Stress group, severe edema and diffuse hemorrhage in the pancreas were observed, the pancreatic wet weight (11.60±0.61 g/Kg) and serum amylase (458 490±43 100 U/L) were markedly increased (P<0.01 vs control). In the rhubarb (150 mg/kg) treated rats, necrosis and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration in the pancreas were significantly reduced (P<0.01), and a marked decrease (50%) in serum amylase levels was also observed (P<0.01). PBF dropped to 38% (93±5 mL/min per 100 g) of the control in the Cerulein+Stress group and partly recovered in the Cerulein+Stress+Rhubarb 150 mg group (135±12 mL/min per 100 g) (P<0.01). The pancreatic exocrine function was impaired in the SAP rats. The amylase levels of pancreatic juice were reduced in the rats treated with rhubarb or somatostatin, comparing with that of untreated SAP group. The bicarbonate concentration of pancreatic juice was markedly elevated only in the rhubarbtreated group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Rhubarb can exert protective effects on SAP, probably by inhibiting the inflammation of pancreas, improving pancreatic microcirculation, and altering exocrine secretion. | Yu-QingZhao Xiao-HongLiu TetsuhideIto Jia-MingQian | 2004 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2004，10，7： | 61 |
| 4 | 临床护理路径在急性心肌梗死患者中的应用显示文摘目的:探讨急性心肌梗死患者应用临床护理路径的效果。方法:将100例符合急性心肌梗死诊断标准患者随机分为观察组(n=50)和对照组(n=50)。对照组实施常规护理,即绝对卧床休息,吸氧,24 h心电监护,按医嘱给予止痛镇静,严密观察病情,控制休克以及严防并发症等,观察组在此基础上实施临床护理路径。比较两组患者住院时间、卧床时间、医疗费用、患者健康知识知晓率以及患者满意度。结果:观察组患者平均住院时间为(11.75±1.04)d、平均卧床时间为(3.16±0.71)d、平均住院费用为(5 474.97±648.54)元,三者分别与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(t=13.04、7.96、15.54,P<0.05或P<0.01);观察组患者健康知识达标率为96.00%,满意度为96.00%,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2=7.43、7.28,P<0.05)。结论:临床护理路径能够加强护患之间的交流,减少纠纷,提高护理质量和患者满意度。 | 张曙红 | 2011 | 中国医药导报2011，8，35： | 48 |
| 5 | Heparin improves organ microcirculatory disturbances in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats显示文摘AIM: Microcirculatory disturbances are important early pathophysiological events in various organs during acute pancreatitis. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in rnicroperfusion of the pancreas, liver, kidney, stomach,colon, skeletal muscle, and to investigate the influence of heparin on the organ rnicrocirculation in caerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis.METHODS: Acute pancreatitis was induced by 4 intraperitoneal injections of caerulein (Cn) (15 μg/kg). The organ microcirculation was measured by laser Doppler flowrnetry. Serum interleukin 6 and hernatocrit levels were analysed.RESULTS: Acute pancreatitis resulted in a significant drop of microperfusion in all examined organs. Heparin administration (2×2.5 mg/kg) improved the rnicrocirculation in pancreas (36.9±4% vs75.9±10%), liver (56.6±6% vs 75.2±16%), kidney (45.1±6% vs79.3±5%), stomach (65.2±8% vs78.1±19%), colon (69.8±6% vs 102.5±19%),and skeletal muscle (59.2±6% vs 77.9±13%). Heparin treatment lowered IL-6 (359.0±66 U/mL vs 288.5±58 U/mL) and hematocrit level (53±4% vs 46±3%).CONCLUSION: Hepadn administration has a positive influence on organ microcirculatory disturbances accompanying experimental Cn-induced acute pancreatitis. | Marek Dobosz Lucjanna Mionskowska Stanislaw Ha■ Sebastian Dobrowolski Dariusz Dymecki Zdzislaw Wajda | 2004 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2004，10，17： | 34 |
| 6 | 急性胰腺炎发病机制的再认识显示文摘急性胰腺炎(AP)是临床常见急腹症,发病急、进展快、病死率高。但其发病机制尚不明确,严重制约了其早期预警及诊疗手段的革新。目前,传统的'酶异常激活'和'自身消化学说'已不能全面阐明其机制,而包括炎性介质和细胞因子的释放、细胞凋亡的发生以及胰腺微循环障碍等在内的一系列新理论逐渐得以证实和认可。该文就近年来AP发病机制的研究新进展作一综述。 | 刘小龙 陈国忠 | 2013 | 医学综述2013，19，12： | 24 |
| 7 | 抗氧化剂对急性胰腺炎大鼠核因子-κB和一氧化氮合酶的影响显示文摘目的:探讨抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine, NAC)对急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺核因子-κB(nuclear factor- kappa B,NF-κB)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)表达的影响. 方法:(?)SD大鼠95只,随机分成正常对照组(C组,25 只)、急性胰腺炎组(A组,35只)和NAC干预组(N组, 35只).A组分2次腹腔内注射8 g/L的L-精氨酸(L- arginine,L-Arg)1.2 mg/g诱导急性坏死性胰腺炎(acute necrotizing pancreatitis,ANP)模型;C组同法腹腔内注射等量生理盐水;N组先提前1h腹腔内注射0.5 mol/L的NAC 0.05 mg/g,然后同A组方法诱导ANP.在首次注射L-Arg 后于6,12,24,36,48 h 5个时点分批处死大鼠, 检测胰腺NF-κB及iNOS活性. 结果:N组MF-κB浓度在ANP早期比A组的明显降低(10.4±2.3 vs 89.7±6.4.6.8±3.2 vs 21.5±3.5,7.9±3.4 vs 32.5±4.5.5.4±2.7 vs 14.7±5.2,5.0±3.7 vs 11.1±2.3.P<0.05及P<0.01).A组各时点iNOS明显升高,N 组各时点iNOS活性均较A组的明显下降(15.2±4.0 vs 24.2±3.8.28.3±8.0 vs 36.8±6.0,25.2±3.8 vs 30.5±3.5.21.2±3.7 vs 28.7±7.2,18.8±5.5 vs 28.2±4.2,P<0.05及P<0.01). 结论:抗氧化剂可通过抑制NF-κB的激活而抑制iNOS的表达. | 谭至柔 唐国都 姜海行 邓德海 袁海锋 | 2004 | 世界华人消化杂志2004，12，3： | 23 |
| 8 | Preventive effect of tetramethylpyrazine on intestinal mucosal injury in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the role of microcirculatory disorder (MCD) and the therapeutic effectiveness of tetramethyl- pyrazine (TMP) on intestinal mucosa injury in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS: A total of 192 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (C group), ANP group not treated with TMP (P group), ANP group treated with TMP (T group). An ANP model was induced by injection of 50 g/L sodium tau- rocholate under the pancreatic membrane (4 mL/kg). C group received isovolumetric injection of 9 g/L physi- ological saline solution using the same method. T group received injection of TMP (10 mL/kg) via portal vein. Ra- dioactive biomicrosphere technique was used to measure the blood flow at 0.5, 2, 6 and 12 h after the induction of ANP. Samples of pancreas, distal ileum were collected to observe pathological changes using a validated histol- ogy score. Intestinal tissues were also used for examina- tion of myeloperoxidase (MPO) expressed intracellularly in azurophilic granules of neutrophils. RESULTS: The blood flow was significantly lower in P group than in C group (P < 0.01). The pathological changes were aggravated significantly in P group. The longer the time, the severer the pathological changes. The intestinal MPO activities were significantly higher in P group than in C group (P < 0.01). The blood flow of intestine was significantly higher in T group than in P group after 2 h (P < 0.01). The pathological changes were alleviated significantly in T group. MPO activities were significantly lower in T group than in P group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation be- tween intestinal blood flow and MPO activity (r = -0.981, P < 0.01) as well as between intestinal blood flow and pathologic scores (r = -0.922, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: MCD is an important factor for intestinal injury in ANP. TMP can ameliorate the condition of MCD and the damage to pancreas and intestine. | Jian-Xin Zhang Sheng-Chun Dang Jian-Guo Qu Xue-Qing Wang | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，39： | 19 |
| 9 | 丹参对重症急性胰腺炎内皮素-1 mRNA的影响显示文摘目的:探讨内皮素-1(ET-1)在重症急性胰腺炎(severeacutepancreatitis,SAP)胰腺中的表达对胰腺损伤的作用机制及丹参注射液对ET-1mRNA表达的影响.方法:Wistar大鼠45只,随机等分为模型组、药物组和对照组.以50g/L牛磺胆酸钠1mL/kg经胰管内逆行注射复制SAP模型.药物组在制模后im丹参[2mL/(kg·d)],1次/6h.对照组仅行假手术.各组动物在术后24h测血淀粉酶、ET-1和腹水量.使用原位杂交和图象分析检测胰腺ET-1mRNA的表达强度,并观察胰腺的病理变化.结果:模型组血中淀粉酶和腹水量分别为35.9±5.93μkat/L和9.87±2.34mL,显著高于药物组的23.96±5.56μkat/L和5.27±2.81mL及对照组的3.60±0.62μkat/L和0mL(P<0.001).模型组血中ET-1为185.47±20.80ng/L,高于药物组的164.27±18.53ng/L和对照组的72.90±17.27ng/L(P<0.05,P<0.001).模型组和药物组胰腺ET-1mRNA表达均增高,模型组显著高于药物组(28.22±1.15vs23.81±1.04,P<0.001).模型组和药物组胰腺均有病理改变,但药物组较模型组减轻(评分:10.45±1.42vs12.05±1.28,P<0.05).结论:SAP时胰腺ET-1mRNA高表达导致ET-1过度生成并与胰腺损伤有关.丹参能抑制胰腺ET-1mRNA的过度表达,从而对胰腺起保护作用. | 张莹 石承先 黄平 任娟娟 李玉祥 | 2006 | 世界华人消化杂志2006，14，1： | 16 |
| 10 | 微循环障碍在重症急性胰腺炎发病机制中的地位显示文摘重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)是一种起病急、变化快、病情复杂的疾病,其发病机制仍未完全清楚。近年来,胰腺微循环障碍在急性胰腺炎(AP)发病机制中的作用越来越受到重视。实验研究证实,胰腺微循环障碍可诱发AP,并可使急性水肿型胰腺炎(AEP)发展为急性坏死型胰腺炎(ANP)。而针对改善胰腺微循环的治疗方法也会减轻胰腺组织的坏死程度及病变的演进。微循环障碍是SAP的启动因子和持续损伤因子。本文就微循环障碍在SAP中的作用进行综述。 | 卢义展 王湘英 | 2010 | 中华胰腺病杂志2010，10，2： | 15 |
| 11 | Correlation of CT enhancement, tumor angiogenesis and pathologic grading of pancreatic carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To study the correlation between pancreatic phase CT enhancement, intratumor microvessel density (MVD) and pathologic grading of pancreatic carcinoma and to evaluate the relationship between the degrees of CT enhancement and malignancy of pancreatic carcinoma.METHODS: Thirty four patients with pancreatic carcinoma underwent CT scanning before resection. The enhancement degrees and forms of tumor were observed in pancreatic phase. The operative sample was stained with HE and CD34marked by immunohistochemistry. MVD and histopathological grades of pancreatic carcinoma were examined. CT enhancement of the tumor, MVD counting in hot spot areas of neoplastic parenchymal cells and pathological grades of pancreatic carcinoma were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS: Highly differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinoma was identified in 16 patients, moderately-differentiated tumor in 7 and poorly-differentiated in 11. Isodensity CT enhancement was demonstrated in 13 cases, slightly low density enhancement in 9, slightly low density enhancement with small cystic lesions in 9 and slightly low density enhancement with large cystic lesions in 3. The counting of MVD with CD34 marked by immunohistochemistry in hot spot areas of neoplastic parenchyma cells was small in 10cases, medium in 16 and large in 8. The pathological grades correlated well with CT enhancement of the tumor (r=0.7857,P<0.001) and with vMVD counting of tumor (r=0.3613,P<0.05). The CT enhancement of tumor correlated with MVD(r=0.6768, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: There is an obvious and significant correlation between CT enhancement, pathological grades and MVD number in the hot spot areas of tumor. The extent of CT enhancement is inversely proportional to the malignant degree of pancreatic carcinoma, and to the MVD number in the hot spot areas of neoplastic parenchyma. The MVD in the hot spot areas of neoplastic parenchyma cells can also reflect the prognosis of the patients, and is directly proportional to the malignant degree of pancreatic carcinoma. | Zhong-QiuWang Jie-ShouLi Guang-MingLu Xin-HuaZhang Zi-QianChen KuiMeng | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，9： | 15 |
| 12 | 微循环障碍与急性胰腺炎显示文摘急性胰腺炎病因及发病机制复杂,至今尚未清晰.但微循环障碍参与急性胰腺炎发病及疾病进展已成共识.本文就微循环障碍在急性胰腺炎发病机制中的表现及作用作一综述, 并提出改善微循环治疗也将是临床上治疗急性胰腺炎的一个重要措施. | 崔培林 修瑞娟 | 2004 | 世界华人消化杂志2004，12，12： | 14 |
| 13 | Ligustrazine alleviates gastric mucosal injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis显示文摘BACKGROUND: Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) leads to a systemic inflammatory response characterized by widespread leukocyte activation and, as a consequence, distant organ injury. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between gastric microcirculatory impairment and inflammatory mediators released in rats and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ligustrazine extracted from Rhizoma ligusticum wallichii on gastric mucosa injury in a rat model of ANP. METHODS: Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (group C); ANP without treatment (group P); and ANP treated with ligustrazine (group T). The ANP model was induced by injection of 50 g/L sodium taurocholate under the pancreatic membrane (4 ml/kg). Group C was given isovolumetric injection of 9 g/L physiological saline by the same route. Group T was injected with ligustrazine (10 ml/kg) via the portal vein. The radioactive biomicrosphere technique was used to measure the blood flow 2 and 12 hours after the induction of ANP. Samples of the pancreas and stomach were taken to assess pathological changes by a validated histology score; meanwhile, the levels of serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined. Gastric tissues were also used to measure the level of myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is expressed intracellularly in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils. RESULTS: Blood flow in group P was significantly lower than that in group C (P<0.01). Pathological changes were significantly aggravated in group P. The gastric MPO activity in group P was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.01). The level of serum IL-1β in group P increased more significantly than that in group C (P<0.01). Blood flow of the stomach in group T was significantlyhigher than that in group P after 2 hours (P<0.01). The pathological changes were significantly alleviated in group T. The MPO activity of group T was significantly lower than that of group P (P<0.01). Although serum IL-1β level of group T, was higher than of group C (P<0.01), it was lower than that of group P (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between gastric blood flow and MPO activity (r=-0.983, P<0.01), and between gastric blood flow and pathological score (r=-0.917, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Decreased gastric blood flow and increased inflammatory mediators can be seen early in ANP, and both are important factors for gastric and mucosal injury. Ligustrazine can ameliorate microcirculatory disorder and alleviate the damage to the pancreas and stomach. | Dang, Sheng-Chun Zhang, Jian-Xin Qu, Jian-Guo Wang, Xue-Qing Fan, Xin | 2007 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2007，6，2： | 13 |
| 14 | 临床护理路径在急性心肌梗死患者中的应用显示文摘目的探讨临床护理路径在急性心肌梗死患者中的应用及其效果。方法将64例急性心肌梗死患者随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组按临床护理路径进行急救和护理,对照组按传统方法进行急救和护理。比较2组患者急救所需时间、疼痛缓解的时间、患者满意度和护理人员满意度。结果实施临床路径后,实验组患者急救所需时间、疼痛缓解时间明显缩短(P<0.05),而患者满意度和护理人员工作满意度明显提高(P<0.05)。结论临床护理路径作为一种新型的临床服务模式,可提高工作效率和工作质量。 | 蒋佳喜 | 2011 | 当代护士(上旬刊)2011，18，5： | 13 |
| 15 | Effects of Tetrandrine and QYT on ICAM-1 and SOD gene expression in pancreas and liver of rats with acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: Available experimental evidence from both clinical andanimal models shows that both Chinese medicines tetrandine(Tet) and Qing Yi Tong (QYT) have positive treatment effectson acute pancreatitis (AP). This investigation was conductedto explore the treatment mechanisms of Tet and QYT on APat the molecular level and thereby explain their therapeuticaffects. It included an invest igation of the effects of thesedrugs on gene expression of both intercellular adhesionmolecule 1 (ICAM-1) and superoxide dismutase (Mn-SODand Cu, Zn-SOD) in a rat model with ARMETHODS: AP in the test rats was induced by subjectingthem to laparotomy followed by a retrograde injection of 4 %sodium taurocholate into the bilio-pancreatic duct. The testrats with AP were divided into three groups. One was treatedwith Tet, one with QYT, and one with normal saline solution.The sham-operated control group (SO) rats were only subjectedto laparotomy. They were given no further treatment. For theTet group, Tet was injected intraperitoneally, and for the QYTgroup, QYT was given with a nose-gastric catheter. Theseprocedures were done at both 10 min and 5 h after APinduction. The levels of ICAM-1 mRNA expression and ofSOD (Mn-SOD and Cu, Zn-SOD) mRNA expression in thepancreas and liver tissues were measured by RT-PCR at 1,5, and 10 h after AP induction.RESULTS: When compared with the SO group during theobservation time, rats with AP showed a higher expressionof ICAM and a lower expression of Mn-SOD in both pancreasand liver tissues, and a lower expression of Cu, Zn-SOD inthe pancreas. Tet treatment attenuated changes in theexpression of both ICAM-1, and SOD (Mn-SOD and Cu, Zn-SOD) to a significant degree. A similar effect on theexpression of SOD (Mn-SOD and Cu, Zn-SOD) was also foundin the QYT group, but no obvious suppressive effect onICAM-1 expression was observed.CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that oneof the main mechanisms of Tet and QYT in treating AP is toenhance anti-oxidation of the body. The results also suggestthat the anti-inflammatory effect of Tet is involved in thereduction of ICAM-1 expression. This explains why Tet andQYT are beneficial in treating AP. | Yong-YuLi Xue-LiLi Cui-XiangYang HongZhong HongYao LingZhu | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，1： | 13 |
| 16 | Complex role for the immune system in initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer显示文摘The immune system plays a complex role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Inflammation can promote the formation of premalignant lesions and accelerate pancreatic cancer development. Conversely, pancreatic cancer is characterized by an immunosuppressive environment, which is thought to promote tumor progression and invasion. Here we review the current literature describing the role of the immune response in the progressive development of pancreatic cancer, with a focus on the mechanisms that drive recruitment and activation of immune cells at the tumor site, and our current understanding of the function of the immune cell types at the tumor. Recent clinical and preclinical data are reviewed, detailing the involvement of the immune response in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, including the role of specific cytokines and implications for disease outcome. Acute pancreatitis is characterized by a predominantly innate immune response, while chronic pancreatitis elicits an immune response that involves both innate and adaptive immune cells, and often results in profound sys-temic immune-suppression. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is characterized by marked immune dysfunction driven by immunosuppressive cell types, tumor-promoting immune cells, and defective or absent inflammatory cells. Recent studies reveal that immune cells interact with cancer stem cells and tumor stromal cells, and these interactions have an impact on development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC). Finally, current PDAC therapies are reviewed and the potential for harnessing the actions of the immune response to assist in targeting pancreatic cancer using immunotherapy is discussed. | Kristin S Inman Amanda A Francis Nicole R Murray | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，32： | 11 |
| 17 | Dexamethasone and dextran 40 treatment of 32 patients with severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: Based on the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis and our experimental studies, to investigate the effect of dexamethasone and dextran in treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis.METHODS: Thirty-two patients with severe acute pancreatitis were treated with 0.5-1 mg/kg per day dexamethasone for 3-5 d, and 500-1 000 mL/d of dextran 40 for 7 d, besides the routine therapy.RESULTS: After 4-8 h of treatment, abdominal pain began to be relieved; range of tenderness began to be localized in 27 patients. They were cured with nonsurgical treatment.Five of them were deteriorated, and treated with surgery.Four patients in this group died.CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone and dextran 40 block the pathologic process of severe acute pancreatitis through inhibition of inflammatory mediators and improvement of microcirculation disorders respectively. | Zi-FaWang ChangLiu YiLu RuiDong ]unXu LiangYu Ying-MinYao Qing-GuangLiu Cheng-EnPan | 2004 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2004，10，9： | 11 |
| 18 | Ligustrazine alleviates acute lung injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis显示文摘BACKGROUND: Acute necrotizing pancreatitis leads to a systemic inflammatory response characterized by widespread leukocyte activation and, as a consequence, distant lung injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ligustrazine, extracted from Ligusticum wallichii a traditional Chinese medicine, on lung injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS: A total of 192 rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (C group); ANP without treatment (P group); and ANP treated with ligustrazine (T group). Each group was further divided into 0.5, 2, 6 and 12 hours subgroups. All rats were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital. Sodium taurocholate was infused through the pancreatic membrane to induce ANP. For the T group, sodium taurocholate was infused as above, then 0.6% ligustrazine was administered via the femoral vein. The effects of ligustrazine on the severity of lung injury were assessed by lung wet/dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and histopathological changes. Pulmonary blood flow was determined by the radioactive microsphere technique (RMT). RESULTS: The blood flow in the P group was significantly lower than that of the C group, while the blood flow in the T group was significantly higher than that of the P group but showed no significant difference from the C group. Compared with C group, the lung wet/dry ratios in both the P and T groups were significantly increased, but there was no significant difference between them. The MPO activity in the P group was greatly increased over that of the C group. In the T group, although the MPO activity was also higher than in the C group, it much less increased than in the P group. Moreover, the difference between P and T groups was significant after 0.5 to 12 hours. After induction of the ANP model, the pancreas showed mild edema and congestion; the longer the time, the more severe this became. The pulmonary pathological changes wereaggravated significantly in the P group. Histopathological scores were higher in the P group than in the C group throughout the experimental course. Histopathological scores in the T group were lower than those in the P group at 6 and 12 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Microcirculatory disorder is an important factor of lung injury in ANP. Ligustrazine can ameliorate microcirculatory disorder and alleviate the damage to the lung. | Jian-Xin Zhang and Sheng-Chun Dang Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China | 2006 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2006，5，4： | 10 |
| 19 | 急性胰腺炎早期胰腺微循环的改变显示文摘目的 探讨急性胰腺炎时胰腺微循环的变化。方法 采用文献回顾的方法 ,对有关急性胰腺炎时胰腺微循环变化进行综述。结果 在急性胰腺炎早期 ,胰腺微循环发生了一系列变化。主要表现为微血管收缩 ,血流速度减慢 ,血管壁通透性升高 ,白细胞在毛细血管后小静脉壁上黏附 ,胰腺灌注量减少等。结论 急性胰腺炎早期胰腺微循环紊乱在胰腺炎的发生、发展中起重要作用。 | 贾鹏辉 张肇达 | 2005 | 中国普外基础与临床杂志2005，12，1： | 9 |
| 20 | 急性胰腺炎微循环障碍放射学及相关基础研究显示文摘急性胰腺炎(AP)是常见急腹症之一,其早期临床表现多样,病情轻重不等,发病早期对AP严重程度的准确评估以及确定及时有效的治疗方案对预后具有决定性意义。影像检查已成为判断AP严重程度的重要手段,特别是功能成像技术的进展使得评估进一步深入,也成为近年来判断AP严重程度的研究热点。就影像检查用于AP严重程度评估的研究进展予以综述。 | 王思悦 张小明 沈成义 | 2014 | 国际医学放射学杂志2014，37，3： | 9 |
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