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| 1 | Elevated CO2 differentially affects tobacco and rice defense against lepidopteran larvae via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway显示文摘Atmospheric CO_2 levels are rapidly increasing due to human activities. However, the effects of elevated CO_2(ECO_2) on plant defense against insects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that ECO_2 increased the photosynthetic rates and the biomass of tobacco and rice plants, and the chewing lepidopteran insects Spodoptera litura and Mythimna separata gained less and more mass on tobacco and rice plants, respectively. Consistently, under ECO_2, the levels of jasmonic acid(JA), the main phytohormone controlling plant defense against these lepidopteran insects, as well as the main defense-related metabolites, were increased and decreased in insectdamaged tobacco and rice plants. Importantly, bioassaysand quantification of defense-related metabolites in tobacco and rice silenced in JA biosynthesis and perception indicate that ECO_2 changes plant resistance mainly by affecting the JA pathway. We further demonstrate that the defensive metabolites, but not total N or protein, are the main factors contributing to the altered defense levels under ECO_2. This study illustrates that ECO_2 changes the interplay between plants and insects, and we propose that crops should be studied for their resistance to the major pests under ECO_2 to predict the impact of ECO_2 on future agroecosystems. | Chengkai Lu Jinfeng qi Christian Hettenhausen Yunting Lei Jingxiong Zhang Mou Zhang Cuiping Zhang Juan Song Jing Li Guoyan Cao Saif ul Malook Jianqiang Wu | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2018，60，5： | 3 |
| 2 | Identification and characterization of genes involved in the jasmonate biosynthetic and signaling pathways in mulberry(Morus notabilis)显示文摘Jasmonate(JA) is an important phytohormone regulating growth, development, and environmental response in plants, particularly defense response against herbivorous insects. Recently, completion of the draft genome of the mulberry(Morus notabilis) in conjunction with genome sequencing of silkworm(Bombyx mori) provides an opportunity to study this unique plant‐herbivore interaction. Here, we identified genes involved in JA biosynthetic and signaling pathways in the genome of mulberry for the first time, with the majority of samples showing a tissue‐biased expression pattern. The analysis of the representative genes 12‐oxophytodienoic acid reductase(OPRs) and jasmonate ZIM‐domain(JAZs) was performed and the results indicated that the mulberry genome contains a relatively small number of JA biosynthetic and signaling pathway genes. A gene encoding animportant repressor, MnNINJA, was identified as an alternative splicing variant lacking an ethylene‐responsive element binding factor‐associated amphiphilic repression motif. Having this fundamental information will facilitate future functional study of JA‐related genes pertaining to mulberry‐silkworm interactions. | Qing Wang Bi Ma Xiwu Qi Qing Guo Xuwei Wang Qiwei Zeng Ningjia He | 2014 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2014，56，7： | 3 |
| 3 | Current understanding of maize and rice defense against insect herbivores显示文摘Plants have sophisticated defense systems to fend off insect herbivores. How plants defend against herbivores in dicotyledonous plants, such as Arabidopsis and tobacco, have been relatively well studied,yet little is known about the defense responses in monocotyledons. Here, we review the current understanding of rice(Oryza sativa) and maize(Zea mays) defense against insects. In rice and maize,elicitors derived from insect herbivore oral secretions or oviposition fluids activate phytohormone signaling, and transcriptomic changes mediated mainly by transcription factors lead to accumulation of defense-related secondary metabolites. Direct defenses, such as trypsin protein inhibitors in rice and benzoxazinoids in maize, have anti-digestive or toxic effects on insect herbivores. Herbivory-induced plant volatiles, such as terpenes, are indirect defenses, which attract the natural enemies of herbivores. R gene-mediated defenses against herbivores are also discussed. | Jinfeng Qi Saif ul Malook Guojing Shen Lei Gao Cuiping Zhang Jing Li Jingxiong Zhang Lei Wang Jianqiang Wu | 2018 | Plant Diversity2018，40，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Molecular evidence for biochemical diversification of phenolamide biosynthesis in rice plants显示文摘Two phenolamides(PAs), p-coumaroylputrescine and feruloylputrescine strongly accumulate in rice(Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) leaves subjected to attack of chewing and sucking herbivores. Here we identified and characterized in vitro three novel rice genes that mediated coumaroyl-Co A/feruloyl-Co A conjugation to polyamines, putrescine and agmatine. Interestingly, two genes were highly specific for their polyamine substrates, encoding putrescine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and agmatine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, while the third enzyme could use both polyamines and it was therefore annotated as putrescine/agmatine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase. All genes were preferentially expressed in rice roots and developing flowers,and in addition, the putrescine/agmatine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase transcripts were strongly induced by wounding in the young rice leaves. Because the wound response of this gene was only partially suppressed in the jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine deficient plants(Osjar1), it suggests that its upregulation(as well as inducible PAs in rice) may be largely independent of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine signaling pathway. The finding of three closely related genes with a similar and/or overlapping activity in PA biosynthesis provides another striking example of rapid diversification of plant metabolism in response to environmental stresses in nature. | Kimiaki Tanabe Yuko Hojo Tomonori Shinya Ivan galis | 2016 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2016，58，11： | 3 |
| 5 | Jasmonic acid-isoleucine formation in grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.) by two enzymes with distinct transcription profiles显示文摘The plant hormone jasmonic acid(JA) is essential for stress responses and the formation of reproductive organs,but its role in fruit development and ripening is unclear.Conjugation of JA to isoleucine is a crucial step in the JA signaling pathway since only JA-lle is recognized by the jasmonate receptor.The conjugation reaction is catalyzed by JA-amido synthetases,belonging to the family of Gretchen Hagen3(GH3) proteins.Here,in vitro studies of two grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.cv Shiraz) GH3 enzymes,VvGH3-7 and VvGH3-9,demonstrated JA-conjugating activities with an overlapping range of amino acid substrates,including isoleucine.Expression studies of the corresponding genes in grape berries combined with JA and JA-lle measurements suggested a primary role for JA signaling in fruit set and cell division and did not support an involvement of JA in the ripening process.In response to methyl JA(MeJA) treatment,and in wounded and unwounded(distal)leaves,VVGH3-9 transcripts accumulated,indicating a participation in the JA response.In contrast,WGH3-7 was unresponsive to MeJA and local wounding,demonstrating a differential transcriptional regulation of WGH3-7 and WGH3-9.The transient induction of WGH3-7 in unwounded,distal leaves was suggestive of the involvement of an unknown mobile wound signal. | Christine Bttcher Crista A.Burbidge Valentina di Rienzo Paul K.Boss Christopher Davies | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2015，57，7： | 0 |
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