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| 1 | 最新AD研究用诊断标准:IWG-2标准显示文摘在过去的8年中,国际工作组织(IWG)和美国国立老化研究院-阿尔茨海默协会(NIA-AA)建立了阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断标准,它能更好地定义AD的临床表型,整合了生物标记物于诊断流程中,并覆盖了疾病的全程。本意见书充分地权衡了IWG标准的优缺点,建议改进诊断框架。依据这些改进,AD的诊断变得简单,只要有恰当的AD临床表型(典型或不典型)和与AD的病理相一致的病理生理学生物标志物出现。我们认为疾病的下游的定位性生物标志,如容积性磁共振成像(MRI)和氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射型计算机断层成像(FDG-PET)等,适合更好地测量和监测疾病过程。本文还详述了非典型性AD、混合性AD和AD临床前期的特异诊断标准。 | 陈刚 曹雯炜 俞羚 糜建华 Dubois B Feldman HH Jacova C Hampel H Molinuevo JL Blennow K DeK osky ST Gauthier S Selkoe D Bateman R Cappa S Crutch S Engelborghs S Frisoni GB Fox NC Galasko D Habert MO Jicha GA Nordberg A Pasquier F Rabinovici G Robert P Rowe C Salloway S Sarazin M Epelbaum S de Souza LC Vellas B Visser PJ Schneider L Stern Y Scheltens P Cummings JL | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 31 |
| 2 | 不同肝病患者抗肝抗原自身抗体的研究显示文摘目的 观察我国不同类型肝病患者中几种抗肝抗原自身抗体的存在状况 ;探讨自身免疫性肝脏疾病的自身抗体特征。方法 由 14 12例标本中选择 2 30例肝功能异常患者分为 5组 :①自身免疫性肝病组 4 2例 :自身免疫性肝炎 (AIH) 18例、原发性胆汁性肝硬化 (PBC) 2 1例、原发性硬化性胆管炎 (PSC) 3例。②HAV组 2 3例 ;③HBV组 70例 ;④HCV组 35例 ;⑤非甲~戊型肝炎组 6 0例。用间接免疫荧光、Westernblot、酶免疫条带技术等分别检测抗核抗体 (ANA)、抗线粒体抗体(AMA)、平滑肌抗体 (SMA)、肝肾微粒抗体Ⅰ型 (LKM 1)、肝细胞胞溶质抗原Ⅰ型 (LC 1)、可溶性肝抗原 (SLA) 肝胰抗原 (LP)和AMA M2亚型 ,以及SS A、SS B、dsDNA等多种抗体。结果 14 12例中诊断AIH、PBC和PSC者分别为送检标本的 1.2 7% ,1.4 9%和 0 .2 1%。 2 30例血清中 2例LKM 1阳性和 2例SLA LP阳性 ,分别见于AIH和HCV感染者。PBC患者AMA和M2全部阳性 ;其ANA以核膜型为主 (7 14 ) ;AIH患者ANA抗体未见特定的荧光类型 ,而抗 Actin仅见于AIH者。非甲~戊组 4例AMA和M2阳性 ,3例SMA高滴度阳性 ,4例出现SS A、SS B或dsDNA等抗体。结论 肝抗原抗体和ANA及AMA分型的检测有助于自身免疫性肝病和重叠多种免疫性肝病的诊断 ;非甲~戊型肝炎诊断时应? | 阎惠平 Winfried Stcker 贺立香 张世斌 李秀惠 黄德庄 赵春惠 | 2002 | 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志2002，22，5： | 30 |
| 3 | Effects of Saccharomycesboulardiion fecal short-chain fatty acids and microflora in patients on long-term total enteral nutrition显示文摘AIM: To assess the effects of Sb on fecal flora and shortchain fatty acids (SCFA) in patients on long-term TEN.METHODS: Ten patients (3 females, 7 males, 59±5.5 years),on TEN for a median of 13 mo (1-125), and 15 healthy volunteers (4 females, 11 males, 32±2.0 years) received Sb (0.5 g bid PO) for 6 d. Two stool samples were taken before, on the last 2 d and 9-10 d after treatment, for SCFA measurement and for culture and bacterial identification.Values (mean±SE) were compared using sign tests and ANOVA.RESULTS: Fecal butyrate levels were lower in patients(10.1±2.9 mmol/kg) than in controls (19.2±3.9, P= 0.02).Treatment with Sb increased total fecal SCFA levels in patients (150.2±27.2 vs 107.5±18.2 mmol/kg, P = 0.02)but not in controls (129.0±28.6 vs 113.0±15.2 mmol/kg,NS). At the end of treatment with Sb, patients had higher fecal butyrate (16.0±4.4 vs 10.1 [2.9] mmol/kg, P = 0.004).Total SCFAs remained high 9 d after treatment was discontinued. Before the treatment, the anaerobe to aerobe ratio was lower in patients compared to controls (2.4±2.3 vs69.8±1.8, P = 0.003). There were no significant changes in the fecal flora of TEN patients.CONCLUSION: Sb-induced increase of fecal SCFA concentrations (especially butyrate) may explain the preventive effects of this yeast on TEN-induced diarrhea. | Stéphane M Schneider Fernand Girard-Pipau Jér(o|^)me Filippi Xavier Hébuterne Dominique Moyse Gustavo Calle Hinojosa Anne Pompei Patrick Rampal | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，39： | 26 |
| 4 | Genome survey uncovers the secrets of sex and lifestyle in caterpillar fungus显示文摘The caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (best known as Cordyceps sinensis) mummifies ghost moth larvae exclusively in Tibetan Plateau alpine ecosystems. Touted as 'Himalayan Viagra', the fungus is highly prized due to its medical benefits and dwindling supplies. Attempts to culture the sexual fruiting-body have failed and the huge market demand has led to severe devastation of local ecosystems and to the fungus heading towards extinction. By genome sequencing, we establish that unlike related insect pathogens O. sinensis contains two compatible mating-type genes in its genome and is self-fertile, i.e. homothallic. However, sexual processes are only initiated under native environmental conditions. O. sinensis resembles biotrophic plant pathogens in having a genome shaped by retrotransposon-driven expansions. The resulting changes in gene content suggest that O. sinensis has a biphasic pathogenic mechanism beginning with stealth pathogenesis in early host instars. O. sinensis is the first psychrophilic fungus sequenced and is adapted to extreme cold with putative antifreeze proteins and mechanisms for increasing lipid accumulation and fatty acid unsaturation. We hypothesize that for the inbreeding O. sinensis the massive proliferation of retrotransposons provides a tradeoff between the advantages of increased genetic variation independent of sexual recombination and deletion of genes dispensable for its specialized pathogenic lifestyle. | HU Xiao ZHANG YongJie XIAO GuoHua ZHENG Peng XIA YongLiang ZHANG XingYu ST LEGER Raymond J LIU XingZhong WANG ChengShu | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，23： | 26 |
| 5 | 基于ICF的功能分类和测量显示文摘如果我们的目标是对人类功能有一个综合的认识以及广泛的开发项目来完善个体和群体功能,我们需要开发适当的测量方法。2001年,第54届世界卫生大会批准的国际功能、残疾和健康分类(ICF),是第一个普遍共享的模式和功能、残疾和健康标志的分类,因此是开发测量工具和最终我们理解功能、残疾和健康的一个重要步骤。由于发展ICF在全世界达成广泛共识过程和提供关于ICF效度的越来越多的证据,ICF作为参考架构和分类已经被接纳和使用。然而,广泛的接纳和使用ICF作为参考架构和分类又依赖于与有关功能的分类和测量相关的理论与方法难题的解决。因此,本文首先描述了ICF类目怎样作为功能测量的基石,然后描述了基于ICF的实用工具和国际标准例如ICF核心分类(ICFCoreSets)的发展现状。最后,本文举例说明了怎样将大量的测量工具与ICF相匹配,反之亦然,有关将通过临床测验或以患者导向的测量工具获得的信息转换到ICF的方法学原则,以及基于ICF的临床和自我报告测量工具的开发。 | G.Stucki N.Kostanjsek B.stün A.Cieza 张静 邱卓英 吴弦光 | 2011 | 中国康复理论与实践2011，17，1： | 21 |
| 6 | Use of antibiotics in broiler production:Global impacts and alternatives显示文摘Antibiotics are used to fight bacterial infections.However, a selective pressure gave rise to bacteria resistant to antibiotics.This leaves scientists worried about the danger to human and animal health.Some strategies can be borrowed to reduce the use of antibiotics in chicken farms.Much research has been carried out to look for natural agents with similar beneficial effects of growth promoters.The aim of these alternatives is to maintain a low mortality rate, a good level of animal yield while preserving environment and consumer health.Among these, the most popular are probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes,organic acids, immunostimulants, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, phytogenic feed additives, phytoncides,nanoparticles and essential oils. | Youcef Mehdi Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Lou Gaucher Younes Chorfi Gayatri Suresh Tarek Rouissi Satinder Kaur Brar Caroline Cté Antonio Avalos Ramirez Stéphane Godbout | 2018 | Animal Nutrition2018，，2： | 19 |
| 7 | Hepatitis C virus: Virology, diagnosis and management ofantiviral therapy显示文摘Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects approximately 170 million individuals worldwide. Prevention of HCV infection complications is based on antiviral therapy with the combination of pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin. The use of serological and virological tests has become essential in the management of HCV infection in order to diagnose infection, guide treatment decisions and assess the virological response to antiviral therapy. Anti- HCV antibody testing and HCV RNA testing are used to diagnose acute and chronic hepatitis C. The HCV genotype should be systematically determined before treatment, as it determines the indication, the duration of treatment, the dose of ribavirin and the virological monitoring procedure. HCV RNA monitoring during therapy is used to tailor treatment duration in HCV genotype 1 infection, and molecular assays are used to assess the end-of-treatment and, most importantly the sustained virological response, i.e. the endpoint of therapy. | Stéphane Chevaliez Jean-Michel Pawlotsky | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，17： | 17 |
| 8 | Endoscopic and histologic characteristics of serrated lesions显示文摘In recent years , a second pathway for colonic carcinogenesis , distinct from the adenomatous pathway, has been explored. This is referred to as serrated pathway and includes three types of polyp,characterised by a serrated appearance of the crypts:hyperplastic polyps(HP),sessile serrated adenomas(SSA)or lesions,and traditional serrated adenomas.Each lesion has its own genetic,as well as macroscopic and microscopic morphological features.Because of their flat aspect,their detection is easier with chromoendoscopy(carmin indigo or narrow-band imaging).However,as we show in this review,the distinction between SSA and HP is quite difficult.It is now recommended to resect in one piece as it is possible the serrated polyps with a control in a delay depending on the presence or not of dysplasia.These different types of lesion are described in detail in the present review in general population,in polyposis and in inflammatory bowel diseases patients.This review highlights the need to improve characterization and understanding of this way of colorectal cancerogenesis. | Driffa Moussata Gilles Boschetti Marion Chauvenet Karine Stroeymeyt Stéphane Nancey Franoise Berger Thierry Lecomte Bernard Flourié | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，10： | 14 |
| 9 | 一项比较有氧间断锻炼与中度持续锻炼对心力衰竭患者的心血管效应的随机研究显示文摘背景:运动锻炼可以减轻慢性心力衰竭的症状。然而何种强度的锻炼可以产生最大益处仍具争议。此外,慢性心力衰竭的发病率随年龄增长而增加;据报道,首次诊断为慢性心力衰竭的患者中,有88%>65岁, | Wislφff U. Stφylen A. Loennechen J.P. 杜媛 | 2007 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(心脏病学分册)2007，，10： | 14 |
| 10 | Management of early gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms显示文摘Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the stomach, duo- denum, appendix or rectum that are small (≤ 1 cm) and well differentiated can be considered 'early' tumors, since they generally have a (very) good prognosis. In the new WHO classification of 2010, these neoplasms are called neuroendocrine tumors/ carcinoids (NETs), grade (G) 1 or 2, and distinguished from poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), G3. NETs are increasing, with a rise in the age-adjusted incidence in the U.S.A. by about 700 % in the last 35 years. Improved early detection seems to be the main reason for these epidemiological changes. Both the better generalavailability of endoscopy, and imaging techniques, have led to a shift in the discovery of smaller-sized (≤ 10-20 mm) intestinal NETs/carcinoids and earlier tumor stages at diagnosis. Endoscopic screening is therefore effective in the early diagnosis, not only of colorectal adenocarcinomas, but also of NETs/carcinoids. Endoscopic removal, followed up with endoscopic surveillance is the treatment of choice in NETs/carcinoids of the stomach, duodenum and rectum that are ≤ 10 mm in size, have a low proliferative activity (G1), do not infiltrate the muscular layer and show no angioinvasion. In all the other intestinal NENs, optimal treatment generally needs surgery and/or medical therapy depending on type, biology and stage of the tumor, as well as the individual situation of the patient. | Hans Scherübl Robert T Jensen Guillaume Cadiot Ulrich Stlzel Günter Klppel | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2011，3，7： | 13 |
| 11 | GRAIN BOUNDARY REORGANIZATION IN INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS NiAl AND FeAl显示文摘Computer simulation of grain boundaries(GB) was carried out in Fe and ordered alloys NiAl and FeAl with B2 superlattice. In this work symmetrical tilt grain boundaries =5[100](012) and = 5[100](013) are studied. The atomic interaction has been described by Morse empirical central- force potentials.The atomic structure and energy of GB were investigated by means of construction of -surface using full atomic relaxation by method of molecular statics. It is shown that = 5 tilt GBs in Fe, Ni3Al and NiAl have several steady states. Comparison of our results with geometrical model of coincidence site lattice (CSL) was carried out. GBs in model CSL are unstable, the stabilization is achieved by additional displacement at some vector along the plane of defect. | M.D. Starostenkov, B. F. Demyanov, E.A. Kuklina and E. G. Sverdlova General Physics Department, Altai State Technical University, Lenin st 46, Barnaul, 656099, Russia | 2000 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)2000，13，2： | 13 |
| 12 | Predictive factors of survival in patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell esophageal carcinoma显示文摘瞄准:学习的目的是与食道的癌(LASCOC ) 与权威的 chemoradiotherapy (CRT ) 对待的局部地先进的有鳞的房间在病人评估幸存的预兆的因素政体基于 5FU/CDDP 联合。方法:有用在 1994 和 2000 之间的 5FU/CDDP 联合与权威的 CRT 对待的 LASCOC 的所有病人回顾地被包括。对 CRT 的临床的完全的反应(CCR ) 被食道的内视镜检查法和 CT 扫描估计在 CRT 结束以后的 2 瞬间。幸存的预示的因素用 univariate 被估计,多,由艇长回归的变量分析当模特儿。结果:116 个病人的一个总数在学习被包括。到 CRT 的 CCR 在 86/116 (74.1%) 被观察。中部的幸存是 20 瞬间(范围 2-114 ) , 5 年的幸存是 9.4% 。到 CRT 的应答者病人的中部的幸存在非应答者病人作为与 9 瞬间(范围 2-81 ) 相比是 25 瞬间(范围 3-114 )(P <
0.001 ) 。在 univariate 分析,幸存与 CCR 被联系(P <
0.001 ) ,表演地位 <
2 (P = 0.01 ) ,瘤长度 <
6 厘米(P = 0.045 ) 并且 10% 在意义的限制的重量损失 <
(P = 0.053 ) 。在里面多变量分析,幸存对 CCR 依赖(P <
0.0001 ) ,重量损失 <
10%(P = 0.034 ) 并且表演 <
2 (P = 0.046 ) 。结论:我们的结果建议在有与权威的 CRT 对待的 LASCOC 的病人的那幸存被相关到 CCR,重量损失并且表演地位。 | Frédéric Di Fiore Stéphane Lecleire Olivier Rigal Marie-Pierre Galais Emmanuel Ben Soussan Isabelle David Bernard Paillot Jacques-Henri Jacob Pierre Michel | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，26： | 13 |
| 13 | 运用ICF评定健康状况的影响显示文摘目的人们可能罹患各种疾病并且有不同的健康状况,但是为了充分认识人类生活所处的健康状况,需要有关疾病或健康状况对人类生活影响的综合性信息。本文要探讨健康状况的影响,健康状况可以用国际疾病分类(ICD)术语进行分类,功能概念用国际功能、残疾与健康分类(ICF)术语进行描述。本研究确定了一套ICF的分类类目作为功能属性,与ICD联合应用用于描述普遍的健康状况的影响。方法 用于描述任何健康状况下功能属性特征的ICF类目从3个主要的通用健康状况评定工具中选择出来,这三个工具是:世界卫生组织残疾评定量表2.0(WHODAS2.0)、世界健康调查(WHS)问卷和ICF核心分类集(ICF coresets)通用版类目的一个清单。结果 根据特定的功能领域建立了一套描述健康状况影响的ICF类目。结论 在ICD-11修订的背景之下,通过一系列的功能属性的ICF类目列表联合运用ICD和ICF可以实现两种分类的有价值的整合,有益于加强患者管理、干预方案的设计和健康结果的报告,能使我们将疾病的严重程度与疾病的影响区别开来。在卫生信息系统应用中,ICD-ICF联合运用建立了一种持续性卫生保健的共享的正式信息表征。 | Nenad Kostanjsek Sara Rubinelli Reuben Escorpizo Alarcos Cieza Cille Kennedy Gerold Stucki T.Bedirhan stün 张爱民 李沁燚 邱卓英 李建军 | 2011 | 中国康复理论与实践2011，17，1： | 12 |
| 14 | 醌氧化还原酶1抑制剂双香豆素促进HBV X蛋白降解进而抑制cccDNA转录的机制研究显示文摘【据Journal of Hepatology2021年3月报道】题:醌氧化还原酶1抑制剂双香豆素促进HBV X蛋白降解进而抑制ccc DNA转录的机制研究(作者Cheng ST等)HBV ccc DNA在肝细胞核内持续稳定的存在,被认为是HBV感染慢性化、抗病毒治疗无法彻底清除以及停药后肝炎复发的最主要原因。HBV X蛋白(HBx)对HBV ccc DNA的转录过程发挥关键作用;促进HBx降解,则可能抑制ccc DNA转录。因此,开发靶向HBx的小分子化合物是达到'ccc DNA沉默清除'这一重要目标的可能途径。 | 陈娟 黄爱龙 CHENG ST HU JL REN JH | 2021 | 临床肝胆病杂志2021，37，4： | 12 |
| 15 | 帕金森病丘脑底核深部电刺激术后注意事项和并发症显示文摘 | 干静 谢晶 Thobois Stéphane 刘振国 | 2007 | 中国神经精神疾病杂志2007，33，1： | 12 |
| 16 | Bifidobacterium lactis attenuates onset of inflammation in a murine model of colitis显示文摘AIM: To assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis) in an adoptive transfer model of colitis. METHODS: Donor and recipient mice received either B. lactis or bacterial culture medium as control (deMan Rogosa Sharpe) in drinking water for one week prior to transfer of a mix of naive and regulatory T cells until sacrifice. RESULTS: All recipient mice developed signs of colonic inflammation, but a significant reduction of weight loss was observed in B. lactis-fed recipient mice compared to control mice. Moreover, a trend toward a diminution of mucosal thickness and attenuated epithelial damage was revealed. Colonic expression of pro-inflammatory and T cell markers was significantly reduced in B. lactis-fed recipient mice compared to controls. Concomitantly, forkhead box protein 3, a marker of regulatory T cells, was significantly up-regulated by B. lactis. CONCLUSION: Daily oral administration of B. lactis was able to reduce inflammatory and T cells mediators and to promote regulatory T cells specific markers in a mouse model of colitis. | David Philippe Laurent Favre Francis Foata Oskar Adolfsson Genevieve Perruisseau-Carrier Karine Vidal Gloria Reuteler Johanna Dayer-Schneider Christoph Mueller Stéphanie Blum | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，4： | 12 |
| 17 | Role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in gastric cancer:Biological and pharmacological aspects显示文摘Amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)gene and overexpression of the HER2protein is found in 15%-20%of patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer.The degree of HER2 overexpression and amplification varies with the location of the carcinoma,with higher expression in the gastroesophageal and proximal parts compared to the distal parts of the stomach.Further,HER2 overexpression and amplification also seems to be related to the Lauren histological classification,with higher levels found in the intestinal phenotype compared to the diffuse and mixed types.The prognostic properties of HER2 overexpression and amplification are still under debate,but a large number of studies seem to indicate that HER2 is a negative prognostic factor.The usefulness of HER2 targeted therapy in gastric cancer was demonstrated in the ToGA trial,where HER2-positive patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were randomized to receive5-FU/capecitabine and cisplatin,either alone or in combination with trastuzumab.A statically significant gain in overall survival was seen in patients who received the combined treatment of trastuzumab and chemotherapy.Patients with a strong overexpression of the HER2 protein(IHC3+)specifically benefited from the treatment,with a median overall survival of 17.9 mo.As a consequence of the positive results of the ToGA trial,patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma are now routinely tested for HER2.The ToGA trial must be characterized as a landmark in the treatment of gastric cancer and it has paved the way for a number of new HER2 targeted compounds such as pertuzumab,ado-trastuzumab emtansine,lapatinib,afatinib,and dacomitinib,which are currently undergoing phaseⅡandⅢclinical testing.Overall,this review will discuss the current status of HER2 in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer and the future direction in relation to HER2 target therapy. | Jan Tr?st J?rgensen | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，16： | 11 |
| 18 | 静息心率与心血管事件的关系:是时候开始新的行动了吗?显示文摘 | Stéphane Cook Otto M.Hess 张刘锋 | 2010 | 中华高血压杂志2010，18，8： | 11 |
| 19 | 人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性肺结核患者临床分析显示文摘目的 提高对人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV)阳性肺结核 (PTB)的认识。方法 对赤道几内亚巴塔医院 1996年 1月~ 1999年 11月确诊的 16 8例HIV阳性PTB进行分析。结果 HIV在PTB患者的感染率由 1996年的 11 4%升至 1999年的 2 2 7%。患者多急骤起病 (94 6 % ) ,以近期消瘦(82 1% )、全身关节酸痛 (78 6 % )、皮肤瘙痒 (4 2 9% )、慢性腹泻 (2 3 2 % )、浅表淋巴结肿大 (2 0 8% )及皮炎 (13 1% )为常见症状、体征 ;6 3 3%的患者X线胸片表现为非特异性改变 ;痰找抗酸杆菌阳性率为 5 8 3% ;6个月短程抗结核方案 (2SHRZ/ 4HRZ)治疗后 ,存活者临床症状、体征、实验室及X线胸片检查结果有所改善 ,病死率为 2 7 4%。结论 临床医师应加强对HIV阳性PTB诊断的警惕性 ,痰抗酸杆菌涂片及X线胸片检查仍具有较好的诊断价值 。 | 王文琦 Cram AR Micah ST Justin JN | 2000 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志2000，23，11： | 11 |
| 20 | Anterior knee pain after a total knee arthroplasty: What can cause this pain?显示文摘Total Knee Arthroplasty has been shown to be a successful procedure for treating patients with osteoarthritis,and yet approximately 5%-10%of patients experience residual pain,especially in the anterior part of the knee.Many theories have been proposed to explain the etiology of this anterior knee pain(AKP)but,despite improvements having been made,AKP remains a problem.AKP can be described as retropatellar or peripatellar pain,which limits patients in their everyday lives.Patients suffering from AKP experience difficulty in standing up from a chair,walking up and down stairs and riding a bicycle.The question asked was:'How can a‘perfectly’placed total knee arthroplasty(TKA)still be painful:what can cause this pain?'.To prevent AKP after TKA it is important to first identify the different anatomical structures that can cause this pain.Greater attention to and understanding of AKP should lead to significant pain relief and greater overall patient satisfaction after TKA.This article is a review of what pain is,how nerve signalling works and what is thought to cause Anterior Knee Pain after a Total Knee Arthroplasty. | Stéfanus Jacob Martinus Breugem Daniёl Haverkamp | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，3： | 11 |
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