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| 1 | Long-term thermal regimes of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway embankments in plateau permafrost regions显示文摘Ten years of ground temperature data(2003–2013) indicate that the long-term thermal regimes within embankments of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR) vary significantly with different embankment structures. Obvious asymmetries exist in the ground temperature fields within the traditional embankment(TE) and the crushed-rock basement embankment(CRBE). Measurements indicate that the TE and CRBE are not conducive to maintaining thermal stability. In contrast, the ground temperature fields of both the crushed-rock sloped embankment(CRSE) and the U-shaped crushed-rock embankment(UCRE) were symmetrical. However, the UCRE gave better thermal stability than the CRSE because slow warming of deep permafrost was observed under the CRSE. Therefore, the UCRE has the best long-term effect of decreasing ground temperature and improving the symmetry of the temperature field. More generally, it is concluded that construction using the cooling-roadbed principle meets the design requirements for long-term stability of the railway and for train transport speeds of 100 km h?1. However, temperature differences between the two shoulders, which exist in all embankments shoulders, may cause potential uneven settlement and might require maintenance. | NIU Fu un LIU MingHao CHENG GuoDong LIN ZhanJu LUO Jing YIN GuoAn | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，9： | 14 |
| 2 | Acoustic experimental study of two types of rock from the Tibetan Plateau under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles显示文摘Under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles,two types of rocks(granite and andesite),used as slope protection for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway,were tested according to the special climatic conditions in the Tibetan Plateau,and their various damage processes in appearance were carefully observed.Observation results show that damage of andesite was more serious than that of granite.Using an acoustic instrument,ultrasonic velocity was tested.The changing trends of velocity with the number of freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed,and the freeze-thaw cycle damaging the physical and mechanical properties of rocks can be seen.According to the changing trends of ultrasonic velocity with the number of freeze-thaw cycles,mechanical parameters of rocks,such as dynamic elasticity modulus,Poisson's ratio,and dynamic bulk modulus were analyzed.It is found that they all have declining trends as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases,and in particular,when the cycle number reaches a certain extent,the Poisson's ratio of rocks begins to become negative. | Hua Liu FuJun Niu ZhiYing Xu ZhanJu Lin Jian Xu | 2012 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2012，4，1： | 10 |
| 3 | Dichotomous roles of neutrophils in modulating pathogenic and repair processes of inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘Neutrophils are considered as complex innate immune cells and play a critical role in maintaining intestinal mucosal homeostasis.They exert robust pro-inflammatory effects and recruit other immune cells in the acute phase of pathogen infection and intestinal inflammation,but paradoxically,they also limit exogenousmicrobial invasion and facilitate mucosal restoration.Hyperactivation or dysfunction of neutrophils results in abnormal immune responses,leading to multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus,rheumatoid arthritis,and inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).As a refractory intestinal inflammatory disease,the pathogenesis and progression of IBD are associated with complicated immune response processes in which neutrophils are profoundly involved.However,the consensus on potential roles of neutrophils in modulating pathogenic and repair processes of IBD remains not fully understood.Accumulated infiltrating neutrophils cross the epithelial barrier and contribute to microbial dysbiosis,aggravated intestinal architectural damage,compromised resolution of intestinal inflammation and increased risk of thrombosis during IBD.Paradoxically,activated neutrophils are also associated with effective elimination of invaded microbiota,promoted angiogenesis and tissue restoration of gutmucosa in IBD.Here,we discuss the beneficial and detrimental roles of neutrophils in the onset and resolution of intestinalmucosal inflammation,hoping to provide a precise overview of neutrophil functions in the pathogenesis of IBD. | Huimin Chen Xiaohan Wu Chunjin Xu Jian Lin Zhanju Liu | 2021 | Precision Clinical Medicine2021，4，4： | 3 |
| 4 | In-situ testing study on convection and temperature characteristics of a new crushed-rock slope embankment design in a permafrost region显示文摘For the purpose of enhancing air convection and controlling solar radiation, a new crushed-rock slope embankment design combined with a sun-shade measure is proposed. A newly designed embankment was constructed in the Tuotuohe section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and a field-testing experiment was carried out to determine its convection and temperature characteristics. The results show that distinct air convection occurred in the crushed-rock layer of the new embankment, especially in cold seasons, which was enhanced when it flowed upwards along the slope. This preliminarily indicated that the new design of the embankment slope was good for reinforcing air convection in the crushed-rock layer. The frequent fluctuations of the convection speed and the environmental wind speed were in good agreement, suggesting that the convection in the crushed rock primarily came from the ambient wind. It was also preliminarily determined that the new embankment had a better cooling effect and sun-shade effect for decreasing the temperature of the embankment slope compared with a traditional crushed-rock slope embankment, and the mean temperature difference between them was up to 1.7 °C. The mean annual temperature at the bottom boundary of the crushed-rock layer was obviously lower than that at the top boundary, and heat flux calculation showed that the shallow soil beneath the embankment slope was weakly releasing heat, all of which indicated that the new embankment slope design was beneficial to the thermal stability of the embankment. This study is helpful in providing some references for improved engineering design and maintenance of roadbeds in permafrost regions. | MingHao Liu FuJun Niu JianHong Fang ZhanJu Lin Jing Luo GuoAn Yin | 2014 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2014，6，4： | 3 |
| 5 | Dating of two thermokarst lakes in Beiluhe Basin, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau显示文摘Most of the thermokarst lakes are spread appreciably in Beiluhe Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,where ice-rich permafrost exists.Two typical thermokarst lakes with differing area and depth were examined to ascertain their age.We obtained lake-bottom samples of 50 cm length from lake BLH-A and 25 cm length from lake BLH-B.Environmental 137 Cs and 210 Pb and radiocarbon age dating techniques were applied to the 50 cm and 25 cm samples,respectively.The results indicate that the initiation of BLH-A is about 800–900 a B.P.,and approximately 1,450±30 a B.P.to 2,230±30 a B.P.for BLH-B.These results will provide scientific bases for sedimentological study and thermokarst activity in Beiluhe Basin. | ZhanJu Lin FuJun Niu Jing Luo MingHao Liu GuoAn Yin | 2014 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2014，6，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Experimental and numerical investigation on temperature characteristics of high-speed railway’s embankment in seasonal frozen regions显示文摘 | Hua Liu Fujun Niu Yonghong Niu Zhanju Lin Jiahao Lu Jing Luo | 2012 | Cold Regions Science and Technology2012，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Characteristics of thermokarst lakes and their influence on permafrost in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau显示文摘 | Fujun Niu Zhanju Lin Hua Liu Jiahao Lu | 2011 | Geomorphology2011，，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Characteristics of thermokarst lakes and their influence on permafrost in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘 | Niu Fujun Lin Zhanju Liu Hua | | 0，，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Thermal regime of a thermokarst lake and its influence on permafrost, Beiluhe Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘 | Lin Zhanju Niu Fujun Xu Zhiying | 2010 | Permafrost and Periglacial Processes2010，21，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Hydrothermal processes of Alpine Tundra Lakes, Beiluhe Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘 | Lin~ Zhanju Niu Fujun Liu Hua | 2011 | Cold Regions Science and Technology2011，65，： | 1 |
| 11 | Hydrothermal processes of alpine tundra lakes,Beiluhe Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘 | Lin Zhanju Niu Fujun Liu Hua | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 12 | Thermal regime of a thermokarst lake and its influence on permafrost, Beiluhe Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘 | Lin Zhanju Niu Fujun Xu Zhiying | 2010 | Permafrost and Periglacial Processes2010，21，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Hydrothermal processes of alpine tundra lakes, Beiluhe Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘 | Lin Zhanju Niu Fujun Liu Hua | 2010 | Cold Regions Science and Technology2010，65，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Characteristics of thermokarst lakes and their influence on permafrost in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘 | Niu Fujun Lin Zhanju Liu Hua | 2011 | Geomorphology2011，132，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Changes in permafrost environments caused by construction and maintenance of Qinghai- Tibet Highway 显示文摘 | Lin Zhanju Niu Fujun Luo Jing | 2011 | Journal of Central South University of Tech- nology2011，18，： | 1 |
| 16 | Characteristics of roadbed settlement in embankment-bridge transition section along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in permafrost regions 显示文摘 | Niu Fujun Lin Zhanju Lu Jiahao | 2011 | Cold Re- gions Science and Technology2011，65，： | 1 |
| 17 | Thermal regime of a thermokarst lake and its influence on permafrost, Beiluhe Basin, Qinghai Tibet Plateau显示文摘 | Lin Zhanju Niu Fujun Xu Zhiying | 2010 | Permafrost and Periglacial Processes2010，21，： | 1 |
| 18 | Heterogeneity of Surface Heat Exchange of Slopes and Potential Drivers of the Initiation of Thaw Slump,Qinghai‑Tibet Plateau显示文摘In the mountainous permafrost area,most thaw slumps are distributed in north or northeast-facing shady slope areas.It is commonly known that there is a heterogeneity in permafrost between diferent slope aspects,but there has been a lack of detailed measured data to quantitatively evaluate their relationships,and in-depth understandings on how the slope aspects are linked to the distribution of thaw slumps.This study examined the heterogenous thermal regime,soil moisture content,and surface radiation at two slope sites with opposing aspects in a warming permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).The results indicate that similar air temperatures(T_(a))were monitored on the two slopes,but there were signifcant diferences in ground temperature and moisture content in the active layer from 2016 to 2021.The sunny slope exhibited a higher mean annual ground surface temperature(T_(s)),and over the fve years the mean annual temperature at the top of permafrost was 1.3–1.4℃warmer on the sunny slope than the shady slope.On the contrary,the near-surface soil moisture content was about 10–13%lower on the sunny slope(~22–27%)than the shady slope(~35–38%)during the thawing season(June–September).Radiation data indicate that signifcantly higher shortwave downward radiation(DR)appeared at the sunny slope site.However,due to the greater surface albedo,the net radiation(Rn)was lower on the sunny slope.Slope aspect also afects the ground ice content due to its infuence on ground temperature,freeze-thaw cycles,and soil moisture.Shady slopes have a shallower burial of ice-rich permafrost compared to sunny slopes.The results highlight greatly diferent near-surface ground thermal conditions at the two slope sites with diferent aspects in a mountainous permafrost region.This helps identify the slope-related causes of increasing thaw slumps and provides a basis for predicting their future development. | Xingwen Fan Wenjiao Li Xuyang Wu Miaomiao Yao Fujun Niu Zhanju Lin | 2023 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2023，14，4： | 0 |
| 19 | Permafrost Characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Methods of Roadbed Construction of Railway显示文摘沿着 Qinghai 西藏铁路的永久冻土被丰富的地面冰和高地面温度展示。在温暖并且设计活动的气候的影响下面,永久冻土在降级过程下面。在建设是怎么阻止融化的解决的铁路路基的主要困难因此由永久冻土的降级引起了积极地冷却的方法基于控制太阳的放射,热传导性和热传送对流被采用而不是传统的被动方法,它是简单地增加的热抵抗。在 Qinghai 西藏铁路构造使用的冷却方法包括防护阳光的路基,压碎的岩石基于路基,有岩石被覆的路基,通气管的路基, thermosyphon 安装了路基和陆地桥。这块地监视了冷却方法在保护内在的永久冻土是有效的数据表演,永久冻土表格在堤下面被高举,因此,路基稳定性被保证。 | NIU Fujun XU Jian LIN Zhanju WU Qingbai CHENG Guodong | 2008 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2008，82，5： | 0 |
| 20 | Advances in thermokarst lake research in permafrost regions显示文摘A thermokarst lake is defined as a lake occupying a closed depression formed by ground settlement following thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice. As it is the most visible morphologic landscape developed during the process of permafrost degradation, we reviewed recent literature on thermokarst studies, and summarized the main study topics as: development and temporal evolution, carbon release, and ecological and engineering influence of thermokarst lakes. The climate warming, forest fires, surface water pooling, geotectonic fault and anthropogenic activity are the main influencing factors that cause an increase of ground temperatures and melting of ice-rich permafrost, resulting in thermokarst lake formation. Normally a thermokarst lake develops in 3–5 stages from initiation to permafrost recovery. Geo-rectified aerial photographs and remote sensing images show that thermokarst lakes have been mainly experiencing the process of shrinkage or disappearance in most regions of the Arctic, while both lake numbers and areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have increased. Field studies and modeling indicates that carbon release from thermokarst lakes can feedback significantly to global warming, thus enhancing our understanding of the influences of thermokarst lakes on the ecological environment, and on regional groundwater through drainage. Based on field monitoring and numerical simulations, infrastructure stability can be affected by thermal erosion of nearby thermokarst lakes. This review was undertaken to enhance our understanding of thermokarst lakes, and providing references for future comprehensive studies on thermokarst lakes. | FuJun Niu GuoDong Cheng Jing Luo ZhanJu Lin | 2014 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2014，6，4： | 0 |
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