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| 1 | Treatment of severe acute pancreatitis and its complications显示文摘Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),which is the most serious type of this disorder,is associated with high morbidity and mortality. SAP runs a biphasic course. During the first 1-2 wk,a pro-inflammatory response results in systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS). If the SIRS is severe,it can lead to early multisystem organ failure(MOF). After the first 1-2 wk,a transition from a pro-inflammatory response to an anti-inflammatory response occurs;during this transition,the patient is at risk for intestinal flora translocation and the development of secondary infection of the necrotic tissue,which can result in sepsis and late MOF. Many recommendations have been made regarding SAP management and its complications. However,despite the reduction in overall mortality in the last decade,SAP is still associated with high mortality. In the majority of cases,sterile necrosis should be managed conservatively,whereas in infected necrotizing pancreatitis,the infected non-vital solid tissue should be removed to control the sepsis. Intervention should be delayed for as long as possible to allow better demarcation and liquefaction of the necrosis. Currently,the step-up approach(delay,drain,and debride) may be considered as the reference standard intervention for this disorder. | Enver Zerem | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，38： | 156 |
| 2 | Preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: What can be done?显示文摘Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographypancreatitis(PEP) is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) pancreatitis varies substantially and is reported around 1%-10%, although there are some reports with an incidence of around 30%. Usually, PEP is a mild or moderate pancreatitis, but in some instances it can be severe and fatal. Generally, it is defined as the onset of new pancreatictype abdominal pain severe enough to require hospital admission or prolonged hospital stay with levels of serum amylase two to three times greater than normal, occurring 24 h after ERCP. Several methods have been adopted for preventing pancreatitis, such as pharmacological or endoscopic approaches. Regarding medical prevention, only non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, namely diclofenac sodium and indomethacin, are recommended, but there are some other drugs which have some potential benefits in reducing the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Endoscopic preventive measures include cannulation(wire guided) and pancreatic stenting, while the adoption of the early pre-cut technique is still arguable. This review will attempt to present and discuss different ways of preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis. | Goran Hauser Marko Milosevic Davor Stimac Enver Zerem Predrag Jovanovi? Ivana Blazevic | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，4： | 22 |
| 3 | Minimally invasive treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts显示文摘A pancreatic pseudocyst(PPC) is typically a complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis, trauma or pancreatic duct obstruction. The diagnosis of PPC can be made if an acute fluid collection persists for 4 to 6 wk and is enveloped by a distinct wall.Most PPCs regress spontaneously and require no treatment, whereas some may persist and progress until complications occur. The decision whether to treat a patient who has a PPC, as well as when and with what treatment modalities, is a difficult one. PPCs can be treated with a variety of methods: percutaneous catheter drainage(PCD), endoscopic transpapillary or transmural drainage, laparoscopic surgery, or open pseudocystoenterostomy. The recent trend in the management of symptomatic PPC has moved toward less invasive approaches such as endoscopic- and image-guided PCD. The endoscopic approach is suitable because most PPCs lie adjacent to the stomach. The major advantage of the endoscopic approach is that it creates a permanent pseudocysto-gastric track with no spillage of pancreatic enzymes. However, given the drainage problems, the monitoring, catheter manipulation and the analysis of cystic content are very difficult or impossible to perform endoscopically, unlike in the PCD approach. Several conditions must be met to achieve the complete obliteration of the cyst cavity.Pancreatic duct anatomy is an important factor in the prognosis of the treatment outcome, and the recovery of disrupted pancreatic ducts is the main prognostic factor for successful treatment of PPC, regardless of the treatment method used. In this article, we review and evaluate the minimally invasive approaches in the management of PPCs. | Enver Zerem Goran Hauser Svjetlana Loga-Zec Suad Kunosi Predrag Jovanovi Dino Crnki | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，22： | 18 |
| 4 | Current trends in acute pancreatitis:Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges显示文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP)is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas,which can progress to severe AP,with a high risk of death.It is one of the most complicated and clinically challenging of all disorders affecting the abdomen.The main causes of AP are gallstone migration and alcohol abuse.Other causes are uncommon,controversial and insufficiently explained.The disease is primarily characterized by inappropriate activation of trypsinogen,infiltration of inflammatory cells,and destruction of secretory cells.According to the revised Atlanta classification,severity of the disease is categorized into three levels:Mild,moderately severe and severe,depending upon organ failure and local as well as systemic complications.Various methods have been used for predicting the severity of AP and its outcome,such as clinical evaluation,imaging evaluation and testing of various biochemical markers.However,AP is a very complex disease and despite the fact that there are of several clinical,biochemical and imaging criteria for assessment of severity of AP,it is not an easy task to predict its subsequent course.Therefore,there are existing controversies regarding diagnostic and therapeutic modalities,their effectiveness and complications in the treatment of AP.The main reason being the fact,that the pathophysiologic mechanisms of AP have not been fully elucidated and need to be studied further.In this editorial article,we discuss the efficacy of the existing diagnostic and therapeutic modalities,complications and treatment failure in the management of AP. | Enver Zerem Admir Kurtcehajic Suad Kunosić Dina Zerem Malkočević Omar Zerem | 2023 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2023，29，18： | 6 |
| 5 | Ultrasound guided percutaneous treatment for splenic abscesses: The signifi cance in treatment of critically ill patients显示文摘AIM: To analyze the results of ultrasound guided percu- taneous needle aspiration (PNA) and percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) in the treatment of splenic abscess. METHODS: Thirty-six patients (14 females and 22 males, with an average age of 54.1 ± 14.1 years) with splenic abscess were treated with ultrasound guided PNA and/or PCD. Patients with splenic abscess < 50 mm in diameter were initially treated by PNA and those with abscess ≥ 50 mm and bilocular abscesses were initially treated by an 8-French catheter drainage. The clinical characteristics, underlying diseases, organism spectra, therapeutic methods, and mortality rates were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients had unilocular and 9 bilocular abscess. PNA was performed in 19 patients (52.8%), and 8 of them (42.1%) required PCD because of recurrence of abscess. In 17 patients (47.2%), PCD was performed initially. PCD was performed twice in six patients and three times in two. PNA was defi nitive treatment for 10 and PCD for 21 patients. One patient with PCD was referred for splenectomy, with successful outcome. In all 4 deceased patients, malignancy was the underlying condition. Twenty-one patients (58.3%) underwent 33 surgical interventions on abdomen before treatment. Cultures were positive in 30 patients (83.3%). Gram-negative bacillus predominated (46.7%). There were no complications related to the procedure. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous treatmnet of splenic abscess is an effective alternative to surgery, allowing preservation of the spleen. This treatment is especially indicative for the patients in critical condition postoperatively. We recommend PNA as primary treatment for splenic abscesses < 50 mm, and PCD for those ≥ 50 mm in diameter and for bilocular abscesses. | Enver Zerem Jacob Bergsland | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，45： | 3 |
| 6 | Comments on the article about the treatment of peripancreatic infection显示文摘We read with great interest the article by Tang et al published in issue 4 of World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010.The results of their study indicate that percutaneous catheter drainage in combination with choledochoscope-guided debridement is a simple,safe and reliable treatment procedure for peripancreatic infections secondary to severe acute pancreatitis.However,there are some points that need to be addressed,including data about the patients in the study and their clinical characteristics,data about infection and superinfection during the treatment and type of treatment of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. | Enver Zerem Goran Imamovic | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，18： | 2 |
| 7 | What is the optimal treatment for appendiceal mass formed after acute perforated appendicitis?显示文摘We read with great interest the editorial article by Meshikhes AWN published in issue 25 of World J Gastroenterol 2011.The article described the advantages of emergency laparoscopic appendectomy compared with interval appendectomy as a new safe treatment modality for the appendiceal mass.The author concluded that the emergency laparoscopic appendectomy was a safe treatment modality for the appendiceal mass,and might prove to be more cost-effective than conservative treatment,with no need for interval appendectomy.However,we would like to highlight certain issues regarding the possibility of percutaneous catheter drainage to successfully treat the appendiceal mass,with no need for appendectomy,too. | Enver Zerem Goran Imamovi Farid Ljuca Jasmina Alidzanovi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，15： | 2 |
| 8 | Comments on the article about correlation between computerized tomography and surgery in acute pancreatitis显示文摘We read with great interest the article by Vege et al published in issue 34 of World J Gastroenterol 2010. The article evaluates the ability of contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) to characterize the nature of peripancreatic collections found at surgery. The results of their study indicate that most of the peripancreatic collections seen on CECT in patients with severe acute pancreatitis who require operative intervention contain necrotic tissue and CECT has a limited role in differentiating various types of collections. However, there are some points that need to be addressed, including data about the stage of acute pancreatitis in which CECT was done and the time span between CECT examination and surgery. | Enver Zerem Goran Imamovi Zoran Mavija Bahrija Harai | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Percutaneous treatment of symptomatic non-parasitic benign liver cysts with 20% NaCl solution显示文摘 | Jusufovic R Zerem E | 2011 | Med Arh2011，65，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Percu taneous treatment for symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts Long-term results in a single center 显示文摘 | Zerem E Imamovic G Omerovic S Ljuca F Haracic B | 2010 | Eur J Intern Med2010，21，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Percutaneous treatment for symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts: Long- term results in a single center显示文摘 | Zerem E Imamovie G ()merovie S | 2010 | Eur J Intern Med2010，21，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Percutaneous treatment for symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts:long-term results in a single center显示文摘 | Zerem E Imamovi G Omerovi S | 2010 | Eur J Intern Med2010，21，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Multiple pyogenic liver abscesses formed after appendectomy: the role of percutaneous drainage in a critically ill patient显示文摘 | ZEREM E SUSIC A | 2012 | Acta Med Acad2012，41，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Comparison of therapeutic effectiveness of percutaneous drainage with antibiotics versus antibiotics alone in the treatment of periappendiceal abscess显示文摘 | ZEREM E SALKIC N IMAMOVIC G | 2007 | Surg Endosc2007，，21： | 1 |
| 15 | Comparison of therapeutic effectiveness of percutaneous drainage with antibiotics versus anti- biotics alone in the treatment of periappendieeal abscess: is appen- dectomy always necessary after perforation of appendix 显示文摘 | Zerem E Salkic N Imamovic G | 2007 | Surg Endosc2007，21，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Proguostie value of acute fluid collections diagnosed by ultrasound in the early assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis 显示文摘 | Zerem E Imamovie G LatiO F | 2013 | J Clin Ultrasound2013，41，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Proton pump inhibitors in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease 显示文摘 | Hrelja N Zerem E | 2011 | Med Arh2011，65，1： | 1 |
| 18 | What is the optimal treatment for acute cholecystitis in elderly patients?显示文摘 | Enver Zerem Safet Omerovi? Zlatko Guzin Bilal Im?irovi? | 2013 | European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology2013，，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Minimally invasive man- agement of biliary complications after laparo- scopic cholecystectomy显示文摘 | Zerem E Omerovie S | 2009 | Eur J InternMed2009，20，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Minimally invasive management of biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy显示文摘 | Zerem E Omerovic S | 2009 | Eur J Intern2009，20，7： | 1 |
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